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	Sebastian Haffner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sebastian Haffner (December 27, 1907, Berlin – January 2, 1999, pseudonym for Raimund Pretzel) was a German journalist and author.
		Haffner was a frequent guest on the television show Internationalen Frühschoppen (translates roughly to "international morning pint"), hosted by Werner Höfer, and even had his own television program on the German channel Sender Freies Berlin.
		Haffner is considered as one of the most successful German authors on the history of the 19th and 20th century written for a broad, nonacademic audience.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sebastian_Haffner (470 words)

	Copyright
		Haffner presents himself as one of the "anonymous others" who often seem to be merely the "objects of history." He argues, however, that it is precisely these "anonymous masses" who actually make history.
		Haffner argues that his experiences were shared by millions of other Germans who were still children when the First World War began, who grew up, as he did, during the troubled years of the Weimar Republic and were just beginning adult life when Hitler came to power.
		Some of Haffner's observations are all the more impressive for their having been committed to paper in 1939, before Nazism fully revealed its darkest pathologies in a genocidal war.
	www.ess.uwe.ac.uk /genocide/reviewstr78.htm (1682 words)

	Defying Hitler by Sebastian Haffner
		When the famous German author Sebastian Haffner died at the age of ninety-one in 1999, a manuscript was discovered among his unpublished papers.
		Haffner elucidates how the average educated German grappled with a rapidly changing society, while chronicling day-to-day changes in attitudes, beliefs, politics, and prejudices.
		Sebastian Haffner was born in Berlin in 1907.
	www.2think.org /hitler.shtml (525 words)

	Flak Magazine: Review of Defying Hitler, 9.16.02
		Haffner, a renowned political commentator in Germany until his death in 1999, fled his homeland in 1938, living in England and writing for the Observer until his return in 1961.
		But while Haffner's concern for the plight of Germany's Jews runs completely against what the world has come to expect from Germans of the era, what makes his critic's accusations themselves dubious is that Haffner does not, for all his anti-Nazi posturing, come across as a saint.
		Haffner's sense of guilt over refusing to speak out, to do something against the SA raids and Nazi lynch mobs and forced "Sieg Heil"s, suffuses the pages of "Defying Hitler." What makes the book required reading for anyone trying understand Nazi Germany, though, is his anger with the German bourgeoisie for doing the same.
	flakmag.com /books/defying.html (959 words)

	Defying Hitler: A Memoir (Sebastian Haffner) - review
		Haffner occasionally descends to uninteresting generalisations about "national character", but mostly he is more concrete, offering some fascinating insights into the events that moulded his generation.
		Haffner describes, from the perspective of an ordinary person, the response to the Reichstag fire, the inaction of opposing leaders, the meek surrender of Communist and centrist popular militia, the Jewish boycott, and the steady erosion of freedom amid surface normality.
		Haffner planned to continue his story down to 1939, but was distracted by other projects.
	dannyreviews.com /h/Defying_Hitler.html (605 words)

	Defying Hitler, by Sebastian Haffner - Conservative Monitor
		Sebastian Haffner's "Defying Hitler" is an intimate account of a young man as well as the sweeping story of a whole people.
		Haffner was a boy at the time the "Great War" began and tells how he and the other boys viewed the war as if it were a sporting event, following the prisoner and casualty lists, territory gained and territory lost as we might follow the score of a football game.
		Haffner is a master of moving between the story of pre-war Germany and his own personal struggle with the Nazi regime.
	www.conservativemonitor.com /society/2002020.shtml (764 words)

	Sebastian Haffner's 1942 Call for Mass Murder
		Haffner's persuasiveness lies in his ability to present liberal-democratic, egalitarian ideas in apparently detached and objective prose.
		Fortunately, Haffner wrote, the "hard core" of Nazi revolutionaries were concentrated in the SS and could therefore be easily liquidated.
		Haffner's article is not the first call for genocide in the name of Christianity made in history.
	www.ihr.org /jhr/v04/v04p380_Weber.html (879 words)

	Telegraph \| Arts \| 'Are you Aryan?'
		Sebastian Haffner sets out to explain the process through his own observations and experiences as a young man.
		As Haffner observes, a large minority of Germans lacked not just judgement, but also an ability to sniff out the fact that something was dangerously corrupt in the Nazi Party.
		Haffner, in this painfully honest account, describes how as a young court official he was challenged by SA storm-troopers who had arrived to throw out Jewish lawyers.
	www.arts.telegraph.co.uk /arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2002/05/05/bohaf05.xml (737 words)

	Commentary Magazine - Defying Hitler by Sebastian Haffner (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		...Haffner was by this time a law clerk at the Prussian [74] Piety and(Politics: Imaging (Divine ingship in Louis XIV's Chapelat Versaiffes by Martha Mel Stumberg Edmunds The first comprehensive analysis of Louis XIV's magnificent final chapel at Versailles, completed in 1710 near the end of his reign (1643-1715...
		...Haffner felt deeply ashamed to be wearing a swastika armband and marching to the orders of SA To Do The Right And The Good A Jewish Approach to Modern Social Ethics Elliot N. Dorff Dorff, one of the most respected leaders in the field of Jewish ethics, examines Judaism's commitment to social equality...
		...Haffner's account of his young manhood in the Weimar Republic is quite brilliant, capturing the tragicomic, bittersweet unreality of those years: the Nazi revolution and the Kapp putsch (a radical right-wing attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic in March 1920), the 1922 assassination of the foreign minister Walter Rathenau and the runaway inflation...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V114I2P74-1.htm (2125 words)

	The EmpirePage.com - Book Reviews
		Sebastian Haffner was the son of a career bureaucrat.
		Haffner's family was typical for its class - their religion was less important than their nationality.
		Haffner's best friend was Jewish; he dated Jewish girls and when the first of the anti-Jewish laws was passed he told his family he planned to convert to Judaism in protest.
	www.empirepage.com /bookreview/review14.html (1271 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Although Sebastian Haffner's Defying Hitler: A Memoir is hardly the first personal history covering that period, his is one of the more remarkable.
		Haffner was best known as a historian and writer who maintained a dispassionate tone.
		Taught to march, fire a rifle and adopt a military bearing, Haffner learns that once you have submitted to a system that strips a human of their individuality, it is difficult to resist and reassert their uniqueness.
	www.enterstageright.com /archive/articles/0802/0802defyinghitler.txt (663 words)

	Defying Hitler: A memoir - smh.com.au
		Haffner took to his grave painful memories of good friends who became senior Nazis, of stormtroopers trashing the Prussian courts and bashing bystanders mercilessly for not saluting Hitler when he passed in a motorcade.
		But Haffner also left a testament in the form of a beautifully written memoir of his life in Berlin between 1914 and 1933, the year Adolf Hitler came to power.
		A sensitive, somewhat priggish man, Haffner was a constitutional democrat; he never flirted with Marxism nor Nazism, nor did he see either as a solution to Germany's existential crisis of the 1920s.
	www.smh.com.au /articles/2002/04/26/1019441296393.html (619 words)

	Germany in 1933 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haffner saw what was starting to happen, but retreated into his law studies.
		Haffner was shaken to the core, but continued studying for his final exams.
		Haffner laments that the crimes of the Hitler administration, given this collective nervous breakdown, have very little impact on the population, which seems to accept everything done in its name with a shrug of the shoulders.
	www.crisispapers.org /Editorials/germany-1933.htm (2735 words)

	Salon.com Books \| "Defying Hitler" by Sebastian Haffner
		If Haffner's tone sounds superior, remember that those words were written by a German who had seen no willingness to resist Hitler either inside or outside his country.
		Haffner's story is one of having the institutions of day-to-day life and the people who populate them replaced by obscene parodies of the originals.
		Haffner goes off with trepidation, determined to keep to himself lest he reveal his true political beliefs.
	www.salon.com /books/review/2002/09/03/haffner/index1.html (661 words)

	Salon.com Books \| "Defying Hitler" by Sebastian Haffner
		Haffner's endorsement of the idea that even dictators are powerless without the consent (or at least the passivity) of the masses means that "Defying Hitler" has no time for quibbling about how much the Germans knew and when; he was there shortly before World War II broke out, after all.
		Haffner takes it for granted that Germans knew about the brutality of Nazi rule -- brutality that, logically, would only increase as the state consolidated its power -- and that they lacked the will to resist it.
		It may variously appear as conscience, reason, experience, respect for the law, morality, or the fear of God." In Haffner's view, the German character that flourished in the '30s was formed in the years 1914 to 1923, during World War I and during the monetary and political chaos that followed.
	www.salon.com /books/review/2002/09/03/haffner (978 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Defying Hitler: A Memoir: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haffner's memoir is an account of one man's personal odyssey through the 1920s and 1930s as Nazism took hold amongst the German people.
		Haffner also reveals how the Nazis first corrupted and then refashioned a version of German nationalism, and how they also dissolved the boundaries between public and private bourgeois morality by their insistence on complete 24-hour allegiance to the state.
		Haffner's autobiography from his birth until December 1933, written in 1939 after his emigration in the previous year.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/1842126601 (1548 words)

	Haffner - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Haffner is the last name of several notable persons:
		Jean Georg Haffner, founded the spa at Sopot, Poland
		Mozart's Symphony number 35 is known as the Haffner Symphony.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Haffner (110 words)

	Powell's Books - Defying Hitler: A Memoir by Sebastian Haffner
		Written in 1939 and unpublished until 2000, Sebastian Haffner’s memoir of the rise of Nazism in Germany offers a unique portrait of the lives of ordinary German citizens between the wars.
		Sebastian Haffner was born in Berlin in 1907, and died in 1999.
		Oliver Pretzel, Sebastian Haffner's son, is the translator of this work.
	www.powells.com /biblio?PID=28081&cgi=product&isbn=0312421133 (185 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Meaning of Hitler: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haffner (the author) is able to take a look at ideas, and ideologies from a very neutral viewpoint and talk about them intelligently without emotional bias ("this is bad because Hitler believed in it").
		Also, Haffner shows that there were 2 opportunities (1938 and 1940) when Hitler could have come out with an enormous gain in territory if he could have been content with what he had achieved.
		Sebastian Haffner has once again tackled a much trodden subject with his deep insight and clear and persuasive understanding.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0674557751 (769 words)

	Library Resources - Book Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sebastian Haffner was a controversial journalist all his life, working for both left-wing and right-wing journals.
		The work excerpted here was written in 1940 when Haffner, reared in a liberal tradition, was in a British detention camp as an enemy alien.
		Sebastian Haffner remained a controversial journalist all his life, working for both left-wing and right-wing journals.
	www.allenandunwin.com /library/product.asp?ISBN=0826417205 (107 words)

	Harvard University Press/The Meaning of Hitler
		This is a remarkable historical and psychological examination of the enigma of Adolf Hitler-who he was, how he wielded power, and why he was destined to fail.
		Beginning with Hitler's early life, Haffner probes the historical, political, and emotional forces that molded his character.
		In examining the inhumanity of a man for whom politics became a substitute for life, he discusses Hitler's bizarre relationships with women, his arrested psychological development, his ideological misconceptions, his growing obsession with racial extermination, and the murderous rages of his distorted mind.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/HAFMEX.html (133 words)

	Powell's Books - Defying Hitler: A Memoir by Sebastian Haffner
		Sebastian Haffner elucidates how the educated average German grappled with a rapidly changing society, while chronicling day-to-day changes in attitudes, beliefs, politics, and prejudices.
		"Sebastian Haffner was Germany's political conscience, but it is only now that we can read how he experienced the Nazi terror himself — this is a memoir of frightening relevance today."
		Oliver Pretzel, the translator of this work, is the son of Sebastian Haffner.
	www.powells.com /biblio?PID=719&cgi=product&isbn=0374161577 (539 words)

	Observer \| On the warpath
		So we should be thankful that this prewar account of Nazism by Sebastian Haffner, a German exile and Observer journalist, is being republished.
		Haffner's clear-sighted analysis, applied mainly to the dissection of his fellow Germans, also annihilates any claim by his contemporaries not to have known about Nazi crimes.
		Anti-semitism, reports Haffner, was not just a feature of Nazism, it was a defining pillar of the creed, an initiation test by which recruits proved themselves able to shed their humanity.
	observer.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,5152103-102280,00.html (254 words)

	Book Review
		Sebastian Haffner was the pen name of a German-born journalist named Raimund Pretzel who fled Germany for England in 1938 and became known as a "British" journalist and historian during and after the war.
		In it, Haffner describes what it was like for thoughtful, liberal Germans to see their country taken over by monsters, and how so many "ordinary" Germans could have failed to resist, even participated.
		It starts slow and analytical, but when the author gets to the personal narrative about his Jewish friends and girlfriend, the changes in his Berlin society and neighborhood, and the grotesque "training camp" which he and other aspiring lawyers were forced to attend before being allowed to take their qualifying exam, the book becomes gripping.
	www.allreaders.com /BookRView.asp?BRID=32700 (203 words)

	Holtzbrinck Academic Marketing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		But Defying Hitler is more than a narrative, although students will be caught up in the suspense of the story; Haffner also pauses for original and fascinating reflections on the meaning of his experiences, the appeal of Nazism to his own generation, and the nature of historical writing.
		Equally remarkable was his ability to analyze the flaws in the German political culture that led to the wide-spread popularity of Hitler.
		Haffner is like the guide of Dante's Inferno, tracing the slow descent into Nazism in intimate detail.
	www.holtzbrinckpublishers.com /academic/search/SearchBookDisplay.asp?BookKey=948132 (1219 words)

	Archived Weblog Entry - 05/11/2003: "Defying Hitler"
		He was an historian with a fine eye, an Aryan who was imminently threatened by Hitler's policies, an anti-Nazi with disdain for those who didn't support Hitler yet did nothing to oppose his rise, not yet a celebrity and so representative of the mass of Germans in the '30s.
		Haffner speaks as an eloquent witness to the erosion of individual rights, the increasing polarization of society into persecuted groups, and the other repressive tactics used by ruthless power-hungry politicians, including those in the United States.
		Haffner speaks of the "automatic continuation of ordinary life that hindered any lively, forceful reaction against the horror" of Hitler.
	www.zetetics.com /mac/blog/00000163.html (786 words)

	The Meaning of Hitler - doctorsbookstore.com Info and Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haffner offers a fresh perspective on Hitler, about whom most of us WWII buffs think we know a great deal.
		His major point--that Hitler was, in effect, a self-hating guy who turned his hatred in the end against the country he professed to love--is a very interesting viewpoint and one that can be argued and discussed forever.
		Haffner is surprisingly even-handed to Hitler, he grants that the man managed a few surprises and triumphs; in fact, he had more-or-less an entire decade in which he went from success to success.
	www.doctorsbookstore.com /shop/asinsearch_0674557751.html (274 words)

	Maoist book reviews: Europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Haffner explains why the right, the Social Democrats and even the Spartacists (communists) wrote attempted proletarian revolution out of the history books.
		Haffner shows in no uncertain terms how the Social Democrats paved the way for Hitler and saw to the assassination of communist leaders Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
		The only hesitation that a Leninist could have with the book is Haffner's own tendency to see the period in terms of personalities, some more stupid than others.
	www.etext.org /Politics/MIM/bookstore/books/europe/haffner.html (332 words)

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