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Second Battle of El Alamein

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	Second Battle of El Alamein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Commonwealth forces practised a number of deceptions in the months prior to the battle to wrong-foot the Axis command, not only as to the exact whereabouts of the forthcoming battle, but as to when the battle was likely to occur.
		The Battle of El Alamein is usually divided into five phases, consisting of the break-in (October 23-24), the crumbling (October 24-25), the counter (October 26-28), Operation Supercharge (November 1-2) and the breakout (November 3-7).
		This phase of the battle began on November 2 at 1 a.m., with the objective of destroying enemy armour, forcing the enemy to fight in the open, diminishing the Axis petrol, attacking and occupying enemy supply routes and disintegrating the enemy army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein (3397 words)

	First Battle of El Alamein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Following the defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the Eighth Army had retreated from Mersa Matruh to the Alamein Line in Egypt, a 40 mile (60 km) gap between the town of El Alamein on the Mediterranean coast to the north and the Qattara Depression in the desert to the south.
		Neither battle was successful and the failure of armour to reach the infantry in time at the Second Battle led to the loss of 700 men.
		A second attempt by Rommel to bypass or break the Commonwealth position was repulsed in the Battle of Alam Halfa in August, and in October the Eighth Army, now commanded by Bernard Montgomery, decisively defeated the Axis forces in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein (518 words)

	Learn more about World War II in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		However, Japan had invaded China already in 1937 the (Second Sino-Japanese War), which sometimes is considered the start of the Second World War (Withdrawal of the Japanese after their defeat also catalysed the Chinese Communist Revolution.) Nazi Germany surrendered on May 7, 23:50 PM 1945, ending the war in Europe.
		Seesaw battles across the North African desert between Rommel's Afrika Korps and the Eighth Army came to an end with the British Commonwealth victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
		The Second Battle of El Alamein occurred between October 23 and November 3, 1942 after Montgomery had replaced Auchinleck as commander of the Eighth Army.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wo/world_war_ii.html (2358 words)

	World War 2 Battles -- Atlantic Theater
		The Battle of Monte Cassino was, in fact, a desperate and costly series of battles fought by the Allies during January and February of 1944 with the intention of liberating and linking up with allies contained within the Anzio pocket.
		The Battle of the Bulge which lasted from December 16, 1944 to January 28, 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in which the United States participated.
		Battle of Hurtgen Forest is name given to series of battles fought in the Hurtgen Forest, afterwards known to both Americans and Germans simply as the Hurtgenwald.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW2_Battles_Atlantic.htm (19982 words)

	::The Battle of El Alamein::
		The Battle of El Alamein, fought in the deserts of North Africa, is seen as one of the decisive victories of World War Two.
		The Battle of El Alamein was primarily fought between two of the outstanding commanders of World War Two, Montgomery, who succeeded the dismissed Auchinleck, and Rommel.
		El Alamein was a bottleneck that ensures that Rommel could not use his favoured form of attack - sweeping into the enemy from the rear.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_el_alamein.htm (1813 words)

	Wikipedia: Erwin Rommel
		The First Battle of El Alamein was lost by Rommel because he was suffering from the eternal curse of the desert war; long supply lines.
		Even then, their first battle was not against the British Eighth Army, but against the US II Corps.
		After his battles in Africa, Rommel concluded that any offensive movements would be impossible due to the overwhelming Allied air superiority.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/e/er/erwin_rommel.html (1265 words)

	BBC ON THIS DAY \| 4 \| 1942: Rommel goes on the run at El Alamein
		The village is at a bottleneck in the corridor formed by the Mediterranean coast on one side, and the impassable salt marshes of the Qattara Depression to the south.
		The Allied victory in the Second Battle of El Alamein was a huge morale boost after a long period of attrition in North Africa, and it made a national hero out of General Montgomery.
		The Second Battle of El Alamein was not quite the end for Hitler in North Africa, but it did turn the tide decisively against him.
	news.bbc.co.uk /onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/4/newsid_3564000/3564385.stm (755 words)

	I. Designer Comments
		The second challenge that we had to overcome was the designing an Order of Battle that covered the time period we wanted to cover in the game.
		In researching the battles, Latimer and Perrett indicated, that by the time of Alamein, the British tank brigades were built around two battle tank regiments and one light tank regiment.
		German command at the start of the Second Battle of Alamein was paralyzed by the ferocity when the barrage opened up, and many communication lines to the forward units were knocked out.
	home.hiwaay.net /~tiller/glenn/alamein/Notes/I_Designer_Comments.htm (6416 words)

	Alamein - War without hate, Colin Smith, war correspondent, expert on military history
		Following our success with “Fire in the Night”, this was the second book I wrote with John Bierman and came out in time for the sixtieth anniversary of the battle in October 2002 though its subject matter is much larger.
		He was actually the victor of the Second Battle of Alamein and had never properly acknowledged his debt to Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck who had won the first battle by fighting Rommel to a standstill.
		Alamein began sedately enough with, on the British side at least, the comforting rumble of artillery and infantry advancing in the moonlight along the white tape the sappers had laid to show the way through the minefields.
	www.colin-smith.info /pages/books/alamein.htm (2703 words)

	III. The Scenarios
		Battle of Alamein this veteran division was dug-in on the Nile.
		Battle of Alamein and was deemed to be in need of training after it had arrived.
		El Alamein, October 23rd 1942: The Second Battle of Alamein was Monty's Battle - his effort to select the battle ground and destroy the Africa Korps once and for all where it stood.
	home.hiwaay.net /~tiller/glenn/alamein/Notes/III_The_Scenarios.htm (6383 words)

	Famous Battles quiz -- free game
		The consequences of this battle were the end of the French rule over Indochina, and the creation of North and South Vietnam.
		In this battle, the VI Armee (some 300,000 Germans under Feldmarschall Paulus) was completely surrounded and forced to surrender by the Soviets ('Operation Uranus').
		The battle named in question 8 was a 'double envelopment' one.
	www.funtrivia.com /playquiz.cfm?qid=50505 (246 words)

	North African Campaign - Part III: Shoot the Gap
		Throughout the Battles of First Alamein and Alam Halfa in the late summer of 1942, the Italian and German forces lacked the punch they’d displayed in the first half of the year.
		That blow came during the Second Battle of Alamein on October 23, 1942, and Rommel was still in Europe when it fell.
		Churchill had found his general, the one who could win a battle, and he placed a fine point on Second Alamein with the sort of eloquence for which he is known: This is not the end.
	www.wizards.com /default.asp?x=ah/article/ah20051007c (1035 words)

	Amazon.ca: The Battle of Alamein: Turning Point, World War II: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The account of the battle of Alamein itself is only slightly more than 50 pages long, but the British defense against Axis tanks at "Snipe" (a code name for a crucial position) was one of its turning points, and is well described here.
		The Battle of Alamein is more than a story of the major engagements so well known and oft told, it is also a story of little known elements that played important, if somewhat side-stage, roles in this first major tactical victory for the British Army (represented by the 8th Army in this case).
		The Battle of Alamein is actually more than a retelling of that battle (hardly THE turning point of WW2; but in fairness to the authors this is the US title), rather it's an overview of the desert war.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0670030406 (1618 words)

	Second World War Books Review
		The second chapter examines the evolution of Italian armored forces (with a nod to Iron Arm by John J.T. Sweet) and demonstrates that shortcomings in industry played an important role in constraining the development of Italian tanks and armored formations.
		In the First Battle of Alamein, the greatly weakened Ariete was nearly destroyed when a battalion of 4th New Zealand Brigade overran the division's artillery positions and captured forty-four guns, leaving two field guns and only five operational M14 tanks.
		On the eve of Alamein, the Italian XX Corps (Ariete, Littorio, and the Trieste Motorized Division) mustered respectively 129 M14s, 115 M14s and 26 L6 light tanks, and 34 M14s.
	www.sonic.net /~bstone/archives/040516.shtml (3920 words)

	Wikinfo \| First Battle of El Alamein
		The Allied Eighth Army under General Claude Auchinleck had retreated from Mersa Matruh to the Alamein Line, a forty mile gap between El Alamein and the Qattara Depression, in Egypt.
		Auchinleck then attacked again in the centre at the Ruweisat Ridge in two battles - the First and Second Battles of Ruweisat on July 14 and July 21.
		Neither battle was succcessful and the failure of armour to reach the infantry in time at the Second Battle led to the loss of 700 men.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=First_Battle_of_El_Alamein (407 words)

	El Alamein
		Winston Churchill was convinced that the battle of El Alamein marked the turning point in the war and ordered the ringing of church bells all over Britain.
		The second great principle is that Army plus Air has to be so knitted that the two together from one entity.
		At Alamein Rommel was utterly defeated but not annihilated: Alamein was a decisive victory but not a complete one.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /2WWelalamein.htm (1058 words)

	The Military Book Review El Alamein review
		Latimer also states his theme early on, and it is carried on throughout, and then brought to us again at the very end as an explicit part of the summary.
		Alamein was also a victory for the RAF for its efforts to provide ground support and interdict the enemy.
		Latimer's narrative supports the case that overall the British victory was a triumph of administration: training, planning, logistics both in terms of what the British had and what the Germans didn't have or didn't do.
	www.themilitarybookreview.com /html/Alamein.shtml (1376 words)

	New Zealand in the Second World War: North African Campaign: Campaign Map (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		After the success at the second battle of El Alamein in October 1942, the New Zealand Division pursued German and Italian troops and captured Halfaya Pass.
		After the second battle of El Alamein in October 1942, the Allies pursued the Germans and Italians along the Libyan coast.
		The last battle of the campaign for the New Zealanders was at Takrouna where 5 Brigade prevailed after an epic fight.
	www.nzhistory.net.nz /Gallery/north-africa/map.html (369 words)

	Covering the battle in El Alamein - Reports from Abroad: Matthew Halton - CBC Archives
		As the Second World War rages into its third year, the British troops engage in fierce combat against the Axis army.
		In a desert of sand and stone, Halton files this CBC Radio report on the second battle in El Alamein.
		In his trademark poetic style, he describes soldiers swimming in the sound of gunfire, the oasis of nature, the mountainous sand dunes and the oppressive desert climate.
	archives.cbc.ca /IDC-1-74-636-3445/people/halton/clip1 (575 words)

	New Zealand in the Second World War: North African Campaign: Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Second, Germany's blitzkrieg that led to its occupation of France and the Low Countries in May–June 1940 removed the possibility of 2NZEF reaching its intended destination, the Western Front.
		In the second Battle of El Alamein, which began on 23 October 1942, the New Zealand Division had a key role.
		The battle did not develop as Montgomery expected because the armour became bogged down.
	www.nzhistory.net.nz /Gallery/north-africa/over-view.html (2436 words)

	BBC - WW2 People's War - Second Battle of El Alamein - A1057394
		Rommel attempted an attack between 30 August and 7 September (the battle of Alam Halfa), but the 8th Army held its ground, largely due to the excellent cooperation between the army and the air force.
		On the night of 1 November, Montgomery launched the second phase of his attack, Operation Supercharge, which was designed to break through the last part of the German defences.
		The Second Battle of El Alamein was a turning point in the North African campaign.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/ww2/A1057394 (906 words)

	Amazon.com: The Hutchinson Atlas of Battle Plans: Books: John Pimlott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		From historical battle plans, they have identified six significant lessons that they consider timeless in that they are not affected by modern technology and tactics.
		For each of the selected battles, there are also a military quotation and an introduction, followed by a discussion of the background, battle plans, and people involved.
		This small volume is an excellent introduction to analyzing battle plans and the battles themselves and is highly recommended for private, public, high school, and college and university library collections.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/1579582036?v=glance (1162 words)

	Corgi CC60104 - Diecast Model Churchill Tank British Army, El Alamein, Egypt, 1942: The Flying Mule
		The famed German General Rommel's advancing Afrika Korps were out-manned and outgunned by the British General Montgomery's 8th Army who had a two-to-one advantage in tanks enabling their forces to push the Germans back to Tunisia.
		The victory in El Alamein eliminated the German threat to the Suez Canal and the Middle East.
		Under the direct command of 1st Armoured Division, 'Kingforce' went into action twice, first near Kidney Ridge on 27th October and the second at the major tank battle of Tel el Aqqaqir on 3rd November 1942.
	www.flyingmule.com /products/CG-CC60104 (276 words)

	The End of the Beginning: From the Siege of Malta to the Allied Victory at El Alamein - PowerBookSearch!
		SHORT DESCRIPTION: In this saga of the key battles in North Africa that turned the tide of World War II, an unprecedented work of history captures the brutal nature and critical stakes of the campaign through the eyes of the soldiers and sailors who were there.
		One of at least a half dozen books on the battle published in less than a year, this volume is clearly one of the best, although libraries owning Jon Latimer's Alamein may not need both.
		Following their collaboration on Finest Hour: The Battle of Britain (2000), Clayton and Craig study England's military fortunes during the pivotal year 1942, drawing widely and wisely on the reminiscences of ordinary soldiers, sailors, and civilians.
	www.powerbooksearch.com /booksearch074322325X.html (1627 words)

	Discovery Channel -WW2 - The Battle of El Alamein
		More accurately known as the second Battle of El Alamein, the gruelling fight lasted from October 23rd to November 3rd 1942.
		El Alamein harked back to the days when battle lines were clearly drawn and tactical moves made judiciously, like a deadly game of chess.
		The Battle of El Alamein was the first major Allied victory over the German Wehrmacht.
	www.discoverychannel.co.uk /ww2_home/ww2_the_battle_of_el_alamein/index.shtml (308 words)

	Beehive.govt.nz - Young New Zealanders to visit El Alamein
		The Second Battle of El Alamein in October 1942 was the climactic engagement of the North African campaign.
		El Alamein was a major turning point in World War II and New Zealanders played a key role in events there,” Helen Clark said.
		Write a biography of an individual veteran from the El Alamein campaign that covers why they went to war, how they ended up at El Alamein, their experiences and the impact of those experiences on their life.
	www.beehive.govt.nz /ViewDocument.aspx?DocumentID=14702 (461 words)

	The North African Campaign Of World War II
		It was not until the Second battle of El Alamein that the Allies possessed the sufficient superiority in numbers to offset the technical superiority that the Axis force enjoyed.
		This is an important point that is very rarely mentioned in literature on the Second World War let alone the North African theatre, where technical superiority was of utmost importance due to the precarious nature of supplying an army.
		Numerical superiority therefore was of the utmost importance, and for this to be achieved, victory in the Mediterranean and success in the field of supplies was critical, and indeed decisive.
	www.topedge.com /panels/ww2/na/weapons.html (811 words)

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