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Topic: Second Battle of Passchendaele

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	First World War.com - Battles - The Third Battle of Ypres, 1917
		Whereas the first and second battles of Ypres were launched by the Germans in 1914 and 1915 respectively, Third Ypres was intended as Sir Douglas Haig’s Allied forces breakthrough in Flanders in 1917.
		It was his preferred choice for 1916, although in the event the Battle of the Somme took precedence that summer.
		This was followed by the Battle of Polygon Wood on 26 September and the Battle of Broodseinde on 4 October.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/ypres3.htm (1470 words)

	Battle of Ypres - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Ypres, Battle of, name applied to three battles of World War I (1914-1918) fought in and around the town of Ypres (also known as Ieper), Belgium....
		There were four Battles of Ypres during World War I : First Battle of Ypres (October 19 – November 22, 1914) Second Battle of Ypres (April 22 – May 15, 1915) Third Battle...
		The Second Battle of Ypres was the first time Germany used poison gas on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I and the first time a former colonial force pushed back a...
	encarta.msn.com /Battle_of_Ypres.html (231 words)

	World War One Battlefields : Flanders: Passchendaele
		The Third battle of Ypres was preceded by the attack on Messines ridge in June 1917.
		The first battle of Passchendaele, on the 12th October, failed to take the village, and the second battle of Passchendaele lasted from the 26th of October until the 10th of November.
		The Divisions battle honours are inscribed on the sides of the obelisk that surmounts the memorial.
	www.ww1battlefields.co.uk /flanders/passchendaele.html (3121 words)

	Battle of Passchendaele - WW1 Military - German Archive: The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, also known as the Third ...
		Battle of Passchendaele - WW1 Military - German Archive: The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British, ANZAC, and Canadian soldiers against the German army.
		The 1917 Battle of Passchendaele, also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British, ANZAC, and Canadian soldiers against the German army.
		These battles, and those British and Commonwealth soldiers who gave their lives, are commemorated at the Menin Gate Memorial in Ypres, the Tyne Cot Memorial to the Missing, and at the Tyne Cot Cemetery, the largest Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery in the world with nearly 12,000 graves.
	www.germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=169&osCsid=ac4d1cd92cf367897c562494a48233ed (1731 words)

	World War One Battles
		The Battle of Bazentin Ridge, which ran from 14-17 July 1916 and comprised part of the second phase of the Somme Offensive, was launched primarily by Reserve Army (twelve battalions) with Rawlinson's Fourth Army providing a further battalion, on a front extending from Longueval to Bazentin-le-Petit Wood.
		Passchendaele, otherwise known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was one of the major battles of World War I, fought by British and Commonwealth soldiers against the German army near Ypres (Ieper in Flemish) in West Flanders, northwestern Belgium.
		Passchendaele is frequently mentioned as an example of the horrific number of soldiers killed, maimed or lost in action that that occurred in numerous battles of World War I, and the name itself has come to be used as a synonym for pointless slaughter.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW1_Battles2.htm (17855 words)

	World War I - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Ypres, 1917, in the vicinity of the Battle of Passchendaele.
		Germany defeated Russia in a series of battles collectively known as the (second) Battle of Tannenberg, but this diversion allowed French and British forces to finally halt the German advance on Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (September 1914) as the Central Powers were forced into fighting a war on two fronts.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the Allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/WWI (7995 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - General Sir John Davison on the Third Battle of Ypres, 1917
		The Third Battle of Ypres - commonly referred to simply as a 'Passchendaele' - is commonly cited today as an example (along with the July 1916 Battle of the Somme) of British Commander-in-Chief Sir Douglas Haig's enormously costly attritional war strategy.
		The word "Passchendaele" was and has been used as a reproach to British generalship, and as a symbol of waste and useless suffering.
		To the men who actually fought, such an attitude might be intelligible, for their horizon was limited by the expanse of mud and waste on every hand, by the incessant fire to which they were subjected, by the comparatively insignificant gains of ground at great sacrifice, and by the abnormal fatigue and hardship.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/ypres3davidson.htm (870 words)

	21st Division 1914-18 \| divisional history of the great war
		The battles of 1917 would see a move further north initially with the battle of Arras, conducted by General Allenby's third army and then back to the BEF's old battle ground of Ypres.
		The Battles of 3rd Ypres, more commonly but wrongly known as the battle of Passchendeale would capture the modern imagination, with the rain and mud ending those battles and ingraining the partially true myth that the western front was all mud and rain.
		The division would play significant parts in both of these battles and the subsiduary actions surrounding these and would end the year fighting in the brilliantly started but poorly finished battle of Cambrai.
	www.freewebs.com /armourersergeant/thebattlesof1917.htm (199 words)

	Blessed Economist: The Battle of Passchendaele
		In the second assault on 12 October 1917, 845 New Zealanders were killed, many were missing and hundreds died later from their wound’s.
		Passchendaele is proof of the infallibility of the politicians.
		At Passchendaele, soldiers were made to climb up out of their trenches through the mud and the rain straight into the teeth of enemy machine guns.
	getrad2.blogspot.com /2007/10/battle-of-passchendaele.html (550 words)

	3rd-Ypres
		In 1915, at the second Battle of Ypres, the Germans used chlorine gas for the first time in warfare and succeeded in driving the British back to the town of Ypres.
		Air photographs of Passchendaele were taken after the battle; it is estimated that half a million shell holes could be seen in the half square mile of the picture!.
		For 76 years, the name of Passchendaele has been synonymous with all that is loathsome in war, it certainly represents the futility and stupidity of warfare.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/ypres3.html (3042 words)

	Second Battle of Passchendaele, 26 October-10 November 1917
		The Second Battle of Passchendaele, 26 October-10 November, was the final phase of the wider Third Battle of Ypres (often known as Passchendaele).
		The battles of Poelcappelle (9 October) and First Passchendaele (12 October) both ended in costly failure, with the attacking troops ending the day back at their starting point.
		Passchendaele Ridge was seen as the key to that success, or at least as a suitable finishing point for the battle.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_passchendaeleII.html (469 words)

	Cemeteries - Passchendaele
		The nature of the Passchendaele fighting precluded the honoured or normal burial for the majority of those who died in battle.
		Passchendaele New Cemetery is on the road to Gravenstafel, north of Passchendaele, resting on the Bellevue Spur at Mosselmarkt.
		This is a typical hospital centre cemetery, used predominantly for wounded from the battle of Passchendaele.
	www.kingandempire.com /cemetery_P_inner.html (690 words)

	3rd Ypres, they called it Passchendaele
		Known as the battle of Passchendaele, the third battle of Ypres was the collective name given to campaign that lasted until November 1917 aimed at capturing the Gheluvelt Plateau in southern Belgium.
		The official name of the battle is 3rd Ypres, but it is universally known as the Battle of Passchendaele because it was really a series of engagements with the one objective of taking Passchendaele Village and its Ridge.
		Air photographs of Passchendaele were taken after the battle; it is estimated that half a million shell holes could be seen in the half square mile of the picture!.
	www.diggerhistory.info /pages-battles/ww1/france/3rd_ypres.htm (3459 words)

	World War 1
		In 1917 the Battalion fought magnificently throughout the 2nd Battle of Ypres suffering further heavy casualties and like the 9th Battalion continued in the forefront of battle throughout 1918 to the end.
		In 1917, the Battalion was heavily engaged in the second Ypres Battle for Passchendaele Ridge.
		It was for outstanding bravery during this battle that Cpl E A Egerton (16th Battalion) was awarded the VC.
	freespace.virgin.net /stephen.mee/world_war_1.htm (1459 words)

	Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
		Australian and New Zealand Divisions were involved in a number of the Battles of the Somme, July to November, 1916, while components of British corps but it was only during the Battle of Pozieres[?], 23rd July 1916, that an Anzac formation participated.
		2nd ANZAC (Australian 3rd and 4th Divisions, New Zealand Division plus the British 25th Division) fought in the Battle of Messines[?], July 1917, which was a prelude to an Allied offensive from the Ypres salient.
		At Villers-Bretonneux, in the 1918 First Battles of the Somme, the ANZAC designation ceased to be used to represent an army corps containing Australian and New Zealand Divisions.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/an/Anzac.html (481 words)

	Canada & Passchendaele 1917 : Events
		Ninety years after the Battle of Passchendaele, the municipalities of Zonnebeke, Heuvelland, Messines and Ypres have developed a commemoration programme on the events.
		Below is a calendar of those events commemorating the Battle of Passchendaele that have a Canadian angle.
		Official international opening of the commemoration of the 90th anniversary of the Battle of Passchendaele.
	www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca /canada-europa/brussels/passchendaele/eventscalendar-en.asp (457 words)

	The 10th Battalion Green Howards (1914 - 1918) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		In fairness to him, he was against this battle as he thought the chances of victory were slim.
		Just in time for the Battle of the Somme which began on the 1 July 1916.Prior to the Battle they were in the general area of the front line and were subject to attack by the Germans.
		This was one the objectives set and part of the overall battle for Passchendaele.The strength of the battalion at this time was 37 Officers and 966 men.
	website.lineone.net /~d.ord (7089 words)

	Third Battle of Ypres: Australian War Memorial
		The Third Battle of Ypres was the major British offensive in Flanders in 1917.
		It was planned to break through the strongly fortified and in-depth German defences enclosing the Ypres salient, a protruding bulge in the British front line, with the intention of sweeping through to the German submarine bases on the Belgian coast.
		The battle comprised of a series of limited and costly offensives, often undertaken in the most difficult of waterlogged conditions - a consequence of frequent periods of rain and the destruction of the Flanders' lowlands drainage systems by intense artillery bombardment.
	www.awm.gov.au /units/event_104.asp (218 words)

	Second Battle of Ypres - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Battle of Ypres was the first time Germany used chemical weapons on a large scale on the Western Front in World War I and the first time a colonial force (Canadians) forced back a major European power (Germans) on European soil, which occurred in the battle of St. Juliaan-Kitcheners' Wood.
		At Second Ypres, the smallest tactical unit in the infantry was a company; by 1917 it would be the section.
		The battle would be marked by Canadian tactical successes as a result of many innovations in organization, training and tactics in both the infantry and artillery.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_Ypres (1230 words)

	7809701 Staff Sergeant Harold John Bazley, Royal Engineers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Following the action at Passchendaele, the 57th Division was transferred to the British XIX Corps in the British Fifth Army.
		His military service record is not specific with regard to the nature of his injuries, however, since his evacuation took place during the Second Battle of Passchendaele, it might be safe to assume that he became a casualty during the battle which ended on the 7th of November.
		It is quite possible that his wounds or injuries from Passchendaele had not completely healed by this time and that they became infected, perhaps due to premature discharge from hospital back to the dreadfully unsanitary conditions at the front.
	hometown.aol.com /reubique/7809701.htm (4482 words)

	Passchendaele and Ieper Historical Background
		In fact the battle’s real outcome was the destruction of the existing British regular army and thus to Kitchener’s call for an army of volunteers.
		Amid weeks of torrential rain and a morrass of bottomless mud, “the blindest slaughter of a blind war” that was the battle of Passchendaele brought the final human cost of the conflict in Flanders to six hundred thousand killed and one and a half million wounded.
		But ultimately, when the heap of rubble that had once been the town of Passchendaele was eventually captured by the allies on the 7th November 1917, it was occupied for a few hours, then the troops were withdrawn.
	www.coopeboyesandsimpson.co.uk /passchendaele_and_ieper_historical_background.htm (486 words)

	[No title]
		On the 6th November, 1917, after the severest fighting in most unfavourable weather, the 5th Canadian Infantry Brigade took, and passed, the village; this fight was part of the Second Battle of Passchendaele, the last of the Battles of Ypres, 1917.
		In the middle of April, 1918, in the Battles of the Lys, the British line was withdrawn far back on the road to Ypres; but on the 29th September, in the course of the Allied offensive in Flanders, Belgian forces recaptured the village.
		Passchendaele (Passendale) New British Cemetery lies 10.5 kilometres north east of Ieper town centre on the S'Graventafelstraat, a road leading from St Jan to Passendale.
	www.wo1.be /ned/database/dbDetail.asp?subtypeID=19&typeid=6&ItemID=5968&lID=3 (537 words)

	Battles
		This artistic rendering is misleading (click here to read the text accompanying the illustration): the Battle of Loos was a slaughter of British troops — a foreshadowing of the Somme a year later — where the combination of machine guns in defensive positions, fronted by barbed wire proved devastating to infantry.
		Graves remarked that the only significant result of the Battle of Loos was that it cost the life of one of the three greatest poets to be killed in the war, Charles Sorley (Graves considered Wilfred Owen and Isaac Rosenberg the other two).
		The Battle of the Somme has come to occupy an especially important place in the British imagination -- akin to the image Verdun holds for Frenchmen: the loss of innocence, futility, and waste.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~english/WWI/historical/Battles.html (749 words)

	Maine Farmhouse Journal Entry, Harry's Gone For A Soldier, November 6, 2002
		The Second Canadian Contingent was raised in the winter of 1914-1915 with 15 new battalions.
		This Third Battle of Ypres is universally known as the Battle of Passchendaele.
		The Battle of Passchendaele, however, was probably the worst of the Western Front struggles.
	www.crabcoll.com /journal/harry.html (5632 words)

	BBC - History - Battle of Passchendaele: 31 July - 6 November 1917
		Officially known as the Third Battle of Ypres, Passchendaele became infamous not only for the scale of casualties, but also for the mud.
		The Battle of Menin Road Ridge, along with the Battle of Polygon Wood on 26 September and the Battle of Broodseinde on 4 October, established British possession of the ridge east of Ypres.
		The eventual capture of what little remained of Passchendaele village by British and Canadian forces on 6 November finally gave Haig an excuse to call off the offensive and claim success.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/worldwars/wwone/battle_passchendaele.shtml (526 words)

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