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Topic: Second Battle of the Atlantic

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	Second Battle of the Atlantic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II, running from 1939 right through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was at its height from mid-1940 through to about the end of 1943.
		In essence, the Battle of the Atlantic was the Allied struggle to maintain, and the Axis struggle to cut off in a tonnage war, the shipping that enabled Britain to survive.
		Timeline of the Second Battle of the Atlantic
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Atlantic (4733 words)

	Battle of the Atlantic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of the Atlantic can refer to either of two naval campaigns, depending on context:
		A Third Battle of the Atlantic was envisioned to be part of any Third World War that arose out of the Cold War.
		Trans-Atlantic convoys would have to be protected from the Soviet Navy and as a result, the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy developed anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic (173 words)

	Atlantic, WW2, convoys, radar, escort carriers, air-gap, U-boats, Liberators
		The French warships allocated to the Atlantic and the German are mainly modern.
		Vital as the Battle of the Atlantic may be, there can be no let up in the equally important battle for the coastal convoy routes once the ships reach UK waters.
		Overall direction is to be exercised by a Battle of the Atlantic Committee chaired by the Prime Minister himself.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsAtlanticDev.htm (7594 words)

	World War I - Wikimedia Commons
		The armoured cruiser SMS Gneisenau, sunk at the Battle of the Falkland Islands, 8 December 1914.
		The armoured cruiser HMS Monmouth, sunk at the Battle of Coronel on 1 November 1914
		Battle of Heligoland Bight, 28 August 1914: the German light cruiser SMS Mainz on fire and sinking.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/World_War_I (723 words)

	ipedia.com: Second Battle of the Atlantic Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous conflict of World War II, running from 1939 right through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was at its height from mid- 1940 throu...
		The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous conflict of World War II, running from 1939 right through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was at its height from mid-1940 through to about the end of 1943.
		On July 19, 1942 he ordered the last U-boats to withdraw from their United States Atlantic coast and by the end of July 1942 he shifted his attention back to the North Atlantic, where the battle would enter its final terrible phase.
	www.ipedia.com /second_battle_of_the_atlantic.html (4129 words)

	Convoy: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Many naval battles (naval battles: A pitched battle between naval fleets) in the age of sail (age of sail: the age of sail is the period in which international trade and naval warfare were...
		The Second Battle of Ushant (Second Battle of Ushant: the second battle of ushant was a naval battle fought between the french and british fleets...
		The course of the second Battle of the Atlantic (second Battle of the Atlantic: the second battle of the atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of world...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/convoy (1580 words)

	The Third Battle: Innovation in the U.S. Navy's Silent Cold War Struggle with Soviet Submarines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Second Battle ended as the Germans were deploying a new type of submarine designed to counter the ASW techniques used by the Allies to defeat their wolf packs operating on the surface.
		Second, the hull-mounted active sonar arrays were exposed both to the turbulent flow of the hull and to machinery noise within the hull.
		Second, once implemented, this ASW response was clearly going to necessitate a dramatic shift in the resources available to and the status of the Navy's different platform communities, and yet the specific programs that would cause this shift were not suppressed by those with the most to lose.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/history/cold-war-asw.html (19519 words)

	Atlantic
		Unlike other battles of World War II where opposing naval forces slugged it out with heavy guns, aircraft, and bombs in definite short, furious engagements, the Battle of the Atlantic was a never-ending series of minor skirmishes between hunter and hunted.
		Although the worst of the Atlantic battle was in the northern latitudes, German submarines ranged over thousands of miles of ocean, from the Arctic Circle into the lonely reaches of the Atlantic south of the Equator.
		The Star of Oregon, second Liberty ship to be launched, was on the homeward leg of her maiden voyage--Durban to Trinidad with 4,000 tons of manganese ore --when a submarine torpedoed her off the coast of South America on 30 August 1942.
	www.armed-guard.com /ag77.html (10490 words)

	Maritime Topics On Stamps, Atlantic Battle
		The Battle of the Atlantic in WW II.
		A gigantic battle was fought on the high seas the ‘Battle of the Atlantic’ during the years 1940 to 1945.
		The ‘Battle of the Atlantic’ was a series of many deadly engagements covering some four million square miles of ocean and lasting five long years.
	www.shipsonstamps.org /Topics/html/konvoi.htm (2167 words)

	German U-Boats and History of Battle of the Atlantic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		German U-boats in the Battle of the Atlantic sent over 2900 ships and 14 million tons of allied shipping to the bottom of the sea.
		Hitler was in preparation for the second world war, and the German army was eager to test their new war doctrine of Blitzkrieg.
		Second, it is for the historian and technical buff who wants to learn the about the technical details of the submarines and their weapons and equipment.
	www.uboataces.com (786 words)

	Articles - WW2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Atlantic Charter was issued as a joint declaration by Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt, at Argentia, Newfoundland on 14 August 1941.
		Their intentions were known by the Soviets, and the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle of the war, ended in a massive Soviet counter-offensive that threw the exhausted German forces back.
		Tthe Battle of Leyte Gulf was fought between 23 October and 26 October 1944, arguably the largest naval battle in history.
	www.kimia-sains.com /articles/WW2 (5756 words)

	Atlantic, Battle, WW2, U-boats, Hood, Bismarck, convoys, HX, radar
		Seven Allied hunting groups are formed in the Atlantic and one in the Indian Ocean to search for her.
		In 1941 she moves into the South Atlantic, and operations last for a total of 20 months until her loss in November 1941.
		She starts in the central Atlantic and later moves to the Indian Ocean, where she is lost in November 1941.
	www.naval-history.net /WW2CampaignsAtlanticBattles.htm (6738 words)

	Military History: Second World War: Battlefront, 1940-42: Battle of the
		The odds in these opening stages of the Battle of the Atlantic were firmly in favour of the German submarines.
		This gap, which was located within the RCN's zone, allowed Germany to maintain the upper hand in the Battle of the Atlantic for the years 1941-1943.
		Death came quickly in the frigid North Atlantic, and rescue was often extremely difficult.
	www.lermuseum.org /ler/mh/wwii/battleoftheatlantic.html (857 words)

	BBC - History - The Battle of the Atlantic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of the Atlantic was a fight for Britain's very survival.
		This lifeline was Britain's 'centre of gravity' - the loss of which would probably have led to wholesale defeat in the war.
		This marked the beginning of the second Battle of the Atlantic.
	www.bbc.co.uk /history/war/wwtwo/battle_atlantic_01.shtml (382 words)

	Timeline of World War II: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Second Battle of the Atlantic (Second Battle of the Atlantic: the second battle of the atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of world...
		This larger advance is cancelled in part due to the collapase of Poland, leading a lack of operational activity during the period from then to the Battle of France (Battle of France: in world war ii, battle of france was the german invasion of france and the low...
		See the timeline of the Battle of France (timeline of the Battle of France: the timeline of the battle of france covers the period of time during world war ii from...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/timeline_of_world_war_ii1 (8234 words)

	The Second World War Experience Centre - Voices from the Battle of the Atlantic by Kate Tildesley (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The six-year "battle" should be better understood as a series of campaigns against, and in defence of, Allied merchant shipping, artificially constructed as "The Battle of the Atlantic" by Churchill eighteen months after the war at sea had commenced.
		Yet, whilst it may not be possible to re-assert the primacy of the individual in the Battle of the Atlantic, by acknowledging these issues we can at least lend an ear to some of the narratives that have survived to inform our understanding of how the Battle was waged.
		The Battle for the Atlantic had been relatively quiet during the months preceding June 1940, with U-boats diverted to assist with the invasion of Norway, where they had suffered four losses and found their confidence eroded.
	www.war-experience.org /history/keyaspects/atlantic (3462 words)

	Battle of Atlantic 1940 1941 WW2
		Battle of the Atlantic is the name given to the conflicts in the Atlantic Ocean throughout World War II.
		The U-boat fleet, which was to dominate so much of the battle of the Atlantic, was very small at the beginning of the war.
		These mines were devastating; often ships that had successfully run the gauntlet of the Atlantic crossing were destroyed entering freshly mineswept harbors on Britain's coast.
	www.battle-fleet.com /pw/his/atlantic.htm (4432 words)

	Blockade - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The need for the blockade was high because of the value of the missiles as a military threat against the United States.
		Second, the strength of the blockading force must be equal to or greater in strength than the opposition.
		British blockade of Germany during World War I as a part of the First Battle of the Atlantic.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Naval_blockade (568 words)

	CBC News: Canadians remember Battle of the Atlantic
		The Battle of the Atlantic lasted from September 1939 to May 1945.
		On Sunday, the Battle of the Atlantic was remembered aboard HMCS Sackville, Canada's only surviving Second World War Corvette ship.
		Bill Irving, who served on a Corvette during the Battle of the Atlantic, said the ceremony is just as important today as it was decades ago.
	www.cbc.ca /stories/2004/05/02/canada/battleofatlantic040502 (361 words)

	Phony War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Royal Navy was nearby and on April 10th the First Battle of Narvik resulted in the sinking of two German and two British destroyers.
		Most other major actions during the Phony War were at sea, including the Second Battle of the Atlantic fought throughout the Phony War.
		In November 1939, the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee was attacked by the Royal Navy cruisers HMS Exeter, HMS Ajax and HMS Achilles in the Battle of the River Plate.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Bore_War.htm (1051 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Democracy at War - The Battle of the Atlantic - Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of the Atlantic was the struggle between the
		It was the longest campaign of the Second World War, an extremely bloody one, and the single battle on which the whole outcome of the war depended.
		Where the Battle of the Atlantic is Being Fought (map)
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/newspapers/operations/atlantic_e.html (407 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Military History - The Royal Canadian Navy and the Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest campaign of the Second World War and the most important.
		Halifax, the Atlantic base of Canada's tiny navy, immediately became an indispensable Allied port from which to fight the Battle of the Atlantic.
		By the last months of the war the RCN had grown to a strength of over 95,000 personnel, 6,000 of them members of the Women's Royal Canadian Naval Service, and the fleet committed to the Battle of the Atlantic included some 270 ocean escort warships.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/disp/dis007_e.html (2353 words)

	BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In Battle of the Atlantic, Marc Milner, Professor of History at the University of New Brunswick and the author of several books including North Atlantic Run and The U-boat Hunters, argues that victory at sea was never within Germanys grasp.
		Based on the latest research, Milner dismisses the conventional view that the Allies were unprepared for the Atlantic war, and notes that they proved superior on all fronts from sheer industrial production to intelligence, equipment, operational research, and command and control.
		In this highly recommended one-volume history, Milner argues persuasively that although the German attack on Atlantic shipping was dramatic and dangerous, it was never the threat Churchill and Pound thought it to be.
	www.espritdecorps.ca /new_page_135.htm (323 words)

	Juno Beach Centre - The Battle of the Atlantic
		As they did during the Battle of Britain, the British improve dramatically their anti-submarine warfare equipment and strategy, and multiply both air and sea patrols.
		Casualties and material damage suffered by Canadians on account of U-boats during the winter of 1940-1941 are evidence enough that escort protection had to be reinforced and implemented all along the transatlantic route.
		Already facing difficult living conditions, North Atlantic storms and the exacting demands of escort operations, these brave men cannot but feel helpless when ships under their protection are blown up before their eyes or when they see the lights on the lifejackets of shipwrecked sailors fade away into the night…
	www.junobeach.org /e/2/can-eve-mob-atl-e.htm (1547 words)

	HQ Western Approaches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The term is most commonly used when discussing military actions, notably during the Battle of the Atlantic when the German Kriegsmarine attempted to blockade the UK with U-boats operating in this area.
		The Battle of the Atlantic was probably the most crucial battle of the whole of WW2.
		The term is most commonly used when discussing military actions, notably during the Battle of the Atlantic (both of them) when the German Kriegsmarine attempted to blockade the UK with U-boats operating in this area.
	www.mikekemble.com /ww2/western.html (4252 words)

	Battle of the Atlantic Bookstore - Authors S-Z.
		Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them.
		Showell, J.M. U-Boat Command and the Battle of the Atlantic.
		Williams, A. Battle of the Atlantic: Hitler's Gray Wolves of the Sea and the Allies' Desperate Struggle to Defeat Them.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /annemariepurnell/canbibl4.html (1396 words)

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