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Topic: Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes

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Battle of the Masurian Lakes

Paul von Hindenburg

Iron Cross

	Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, also known as the Winter Battle of the Masurian Lakes, was the northern part of the Central Powers' offensive on the Eastern Front (World War I) in the winter of 1915.
		To the south along the Russian line near the Masurian Lakes was the Russian Twelfth Army under Pavel Plehve.
		The Second Battle of Masurian Lakes ended the German offensive in the north.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes (578 words)

	Masuria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Together with Russia's Kaliningrad Oblast to the north and a small section of Lithuania, the region used to be a part of Prussia and of the administrative region of East Prussia, a German exclave before World War II.
		As a result, the number of native Masurians that remained in Masuria was initially relatively high, while most ethnic Germans were subsequently expelled.
		Masuria and the Masurian Lakeland are known in Polish as Kraina Tysiąca Jezior and in German as Land der Tausend Seen, meaning "land of a thousand lakes." These lakes were ground out of the land by glaciers during the Pleistocene ice age, when ice covered northeastern Europe.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Masuria (1362 words)

	World War One Battles
		The Battle of Charleroi, one of the Battles of the Frontiers, was one of the key battles on the Western Front in 1914, and one of the early major German victories.
		The Battle of Le Cateau was essentially a rearguard action fought by the British in late August 1914, during the general Allied retreat along the Western Front in the face of sustained German successes at the four Battles of the Frontiers.
		The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was the second defeat of the war for Russian army by the Germans, with he first being the defeat sufferred at Tannenberg in late August.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW1_Battles1.htm (15644 words)

	World War I - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914-1915, centred on Masuria were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 7-14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (February 7-21, 1915), both German victories.
		On the Italian front 1916 was marked by another inconclusive battle on the Isonzo River, the fifth of a series in that region, and by an Austrian offensive in the Trentino designed to break through the Italian lines and reach the rear of the Italian position on the Isonzo.
		In the Second Battle of the Marne, they succeeded in crossing the river, but once they were across their progress was halted by French and American troops.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761569981___7/World_War_I.html (7219 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 1914
		Conducted between 9-14 September 1914, the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (of two, the second in February 1915) was the second victory of the war by the Germans over the Russian army, the first occurring at Tannenberg in late August.
		Furthermore, Russian casualties during the battle were high: 125,000 compared to the German figure of at most 40,000, although the Germans could ill-afford such high losses in the east.
		As a consequence of Tannenberg and the Masurian Lakes - although the former battle was a much clearer cut victory than the second - Hindenburg was hailed as a hero in Germany, subsequently succeeding Falkenhayn as Chief of the German Staff in late summer 1916.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/masurian1.htm (519 words)

	::The Battle of Masurian Lakes::
		The Battle of Masurian Lakes was fought in September 1914.
		Masurian Lakes was the second defeat for the Russian Army in World War One at the hands of the German army - the previous month had seen the destruction of the Russian Second Army at the Battle of Tannenburg.
		The battle at the Masurian Lakes was not as one-sided as Tannenburg had been.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_masurian_lakes.htm (421 words)

	Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Winter Battle of Masuria was part of Hindenburg's plan for a decisive assault on the Eastern Front that would force Russia out of the war.
		The battle began on 7 February 1915 in a heavy snowstorm, when the German Eighth Army (Below) advanced eastwards against the Russian left flank in a surprise attack.
		XX Corps surrendered on 21 February, bringing the battle to a conclusion and increasing the number of Russian prisoners to 100,000, The Russians also suffered 100,000 casualties, but German losses during the battle were relatively small.
	www.westernfront.co.uk /thegreatwar/articles/timeline/masurian2.htm (275 words)

	Encyclopedia
		In the First Battle of the Marne, which took place on September 6–9, the French halted the advance of Kluck’s army, which had outdistanced the other two German armies and could not obtain their support.
		The French advanced and, in an endeavor to force the Germans from the Aisne, engaged them in three battles: the Battle of the Aisne; a battle on the Somme River; and the First Battle of Arras.
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914–15 were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Sept. 7–14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (Feb. 7–21, 1915), both German victories.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=226139 (8895 words)

	World War 1: World War 1 Battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Battle of the Falkland Islands, -- 8 December 1914
		Second Battle of Kut, -- 13 December 1916
		Second Battle of the Aisne, -- 16 April 1917
	www.worldwar-1.com /world-war-1/world_war_1_battles.asp (685 words)

	First World War.com - Battles - The Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, 1915
		Siever's army consisted of four corps, positioned north of the Masurian Lakes.
		The plan was sanctioned by German Chief of Staff Erich Falkenhayn despite his reluctance to commit resources in the east - he firmly believed the war was to be won in the west.
		Any further German progress eastwards was ended by an attack from the Russian Twelfth Army, under Wenzel von Plehve, on 22 February directed against the German right flank.
	www.firstworldwar.com /battles/masurian2.htm (428 words)

	World War I - MSN Encarta
		The French advanced and, in an endeavour to force the Germans from the Aisne, engaged them in three battles: the Battle of the Aisne; a battle on the River Somme; and the First Battle of Arras.
		The western part of the Allied line was held by the British who, in the race for the channel, had advanced to Ypres, the south-west corner of Belgium.
		Unsuccessful simultaneous attacks were made in September by the British in the town of Lens and French at Vimy Ridge overlooking the town.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761569981_3/World_War_I.html (1679 words)

	Battle of the Masurian Lakes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, September 1914
		Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, February 1915
		This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes (95 words)

	World War I - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		By its end, the war had become the second bloodiest conflict in recorded history (behind the Taiping Rebellion), though it was surpassed within a generation by World War II.
		On October 26, they launched a crushing offensive that resulted in the victory of Kobarid (Battle of Caporetto): the Italian army was routed, but after retreating more than 100 km, it was able to reorganize and hold ground at the Battle of the Piave River.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the Entente decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/w/o/r/World_War_I_9429.html (8031 words)

	ipedia.com: World War I Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Germany defeated Russia in a series of battles collectively known as the (second) Battle of Tannenberg, but this diversion allowed French and British forces to finally halt the German advance on Paris at the First Battle of the Marne (September 1914) as the Central Powers were forced into fighting a war on two fronts.
		Both the Battle of the Somme and the Battle of Passchendaele (1917) also on the Western Front resulted in enormous loss of life on both sides but minimal progress in the war.
		The decisive victory of Germany at the Battle of Caporetto led to the allied decision at the Rapallo Conference to form the Supreme Allied Council at Versailles to co-ordinate plans and action.
	www.ipedia.com /world_war_i.html (6150 words)

	Europa: The History of the White Race : Chapter 59 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The Battle of the Somme, which continued until November 1916 saw the first significant Allied territorial gains of the war in the west: some 325 square kilometers of land was wrested from the Germans.
		On the Italian front, 1916 was marked by five more battles on the Isonzo River, all but one being launched by the Italians, and all ultimately failing in their objective to significantly move the front line.
		As a result the combined Allied armies seized the initiative in Italy and at the Battle of Vittorio Veneto, fought from October to November 1918, the main Austrian army was destroyed, losing hundreds of thousands of prisoners and causing a general collapse, with thousands of demoralized soldiers streaming in a shambles back into Austria itself.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/fowles/500/hwr59.htm (6635 words)

	World War I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914-15 were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 7-14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (February 7-21, 1915), both German victories.
		In the Mesopotamian Valley, meanwhile, British forces from India defeated the Ottomans in several battles during 1914-1915, particularly that of Al Kuût; but in the Battle of Ctesiphon, November 1915, the Ottomans checked the advance of the British toward Baghdâd and forced them to retreat to Al Kuût.
		A preliminary battle at Messines set the stage for the main attacks (July 31-November 10) at Ieper.
	cjnewsline.com /War/WorldWarI/WorldWarI.htm (8660 words)

	First Battle of Masurian Lakes, 9-14 September 1914, (East Prussia)
		Second major Russian defeat of the First World War.
		After the defeat of the Russian Second Army at Tannenburg, the Germans were free to turn on the First Army, under Rennenkampf.
		However, unlike at Tannenburg, the Germans, despite now outnumbering the Russians, were unable to encircle them in the broken terrain of the Masurian Lake lands, and Rennenkampf was able to extract his army intact, and even launch his own counterattack on 25 September which regained much of the land lost during the battle.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/battles_masurian.html (201 words)

	Tannenberg - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In the first, fought in 1410 between Tannenberg and the nearby village of Grünwald, Polish and Lithuanian forces under Ladislaus II (Ladislaus Jagiello) halted the eastward expansion of the Teutonic Knights.
		Rennenkampf, whose unwillingness to aid Samsonov greatly facilitated the German victory, was defeated soon afterward in the battle of the Masurian Lakes.
		The battle of Tannenberg is a central event in Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's novel August 1914 (1972).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/T/Tannenbe.asp (283 words)

	WWW-VL: Military History: WWI History: The Great War: First World War: World War One: WW1
		The Voyage of HMS Carnarvon, 1914-1915; Battle of the Falklands December 1914.
		Second Battle of the Aisne, Opened 16 April
		Medical Diaries and Biographies includes accounts of Flanders, the Battles of the Somme and Passchendaele, German South West Africa, the American Red Cross in Siberia, the Imperial Russian Army Medical Corps and on board the HMS Carnarvon, during WW1.
	vlib.iue.it /history/mil/ww1.html (956 words)

	Decades History Timelines - WWI (1915) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The attempt fails and Gallipoli becomes one of the bloodiest battles of the war.
		The German government had published warnings in NYC newspapers that it regarded the refurbished liner as a battle target.
		The British ocean liner "Arabic" is sunk by a German torpedo, killing 60% of the 1,198 passengers.
	www.decades.com /Timeline/n/1789_2717.htm (598 words)

	Fritz von Below German Fritz von Below WWI History of World War I
		Nevertheless, Fritz von Below was himself a competent rather than spectacular military commander who gained prominence while commanding XXI Corps at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in February 1915 while serving on the Eastern Front.
		The first day of the Battle of the Somme established itself as the most costly single day of battle in British history, with nearly 60,000 casualties suffered on the first day alone.
		Fritz von Below, who died in 1918, was awarded Germany's prestigious Pour le Merite on 16 February 1915 for his efforts on both Eastern and Western Fronts (most notably at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes).
	tbone.8m.com /below.html (611 words)

	The Second Battle of the Masurian lakes - The First World War - 1915
		On the Eastern Front the Germans launched a major offensive in the region north of the Masurian lakes.
		In a second attempt to defeat the ailing Russian army general Hindenburg launched a major offensive against the Russian lines on the 7th February (an earlier offensive had been launched here in 1914).
		Hoping that the poor weather, it was snowing heavily, would catch the Russians off their guard, two attacks were mounted.
	www.schoolshistory.org.uk /Year9/firstworldwar/1915/february.htm (476 words)

	Twentieth Century Atlas - Casualty Statistics - Biggest Battles and Massacres
		By the beginning of the 20th Century, the concept of battle had gotten extremely vague.
		Unfortunately for the purist, common usage has already expanded the term to include larger events such as the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Bulge and the Battle of the Atlantic, all of which would be called "campaigns" in Napoleonic or American Civil War usage.
		These battles are ranked by the number of military deaths only.
	users.erols.com /mwhite28/battles.htm (5150 words)

	The Eastern Front
		In East Prussia a series of Russian victories against numerically inferior German forces had made the evacuation of that region by the Germans imminent, when a reinforced German army commanded by General
		In addition to the Battle of Tannenberg, notable battles on this front during 1914-1915, centred on
		were the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes (September 7-14, 1914), and the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes (February 7-21, 1915), both German victories.
	www.s-gim.kr.edus.si /projekti/evropa2/Before_first_war/eastern_front.htm (271 words)

	Otto von Below German Otto von Below WWI History of World War I
		There he commanded I Reserve Corps at the Battles of Gumbinnen and the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes.
		He also fought at the Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes in February 1915, briefly commanding Eighth Army from November 1914 (taking over from General von Francois).
		Success in East Prussia led to further postings in Courland, Salonika and on the Western Front (where he led the Sixth Army around Lille in April 1917).
	tbone.8m.com /ottobelow.html (306 words)

	cef_study_group - CEF Study Group - Recommended Websites
		The Battle of Jutland took place between the British Grand Fleet and the German High Seas Fleet on the 31st May 1916 in the North Sea, off the mainland of Denmark.
		This is a sub-set of the FIRSTWORLDWAR.COM [Michael Duffy site] and includes the battles of Battles of Stalluponen, Gumbinnen, Tannenberg, First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, Battle of Bolimov, Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes, Battle of Lake Naroch and Battle of Lutsk.
		The aim of this very well researched website is to document the organisational history of the land forces of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy from just prior to the outbreak of the Great War until the collapse of the monarchy in 1918.
	cef-study-group.livejournal.com /1240.html (5237 words)

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