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	Second Council of Lyon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Council of Lyon was the fourteenth ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, convoked on 31 March 1272 and convened in Lyon in 1274.
		Among others who attended the council were James I of Aragon, the ambassador of the Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos with members of the Greek clergy and the ambassadors of the Khan of the Tatars.
		The main topics discussed at the council were the conquest of the Holy Land and the union of the Churches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Council_of_Lyons (785 words)

	Under Gregory X - Lyons-2
		The pope promulgated a collection of the council's constitutions on 1 November 1274, sent this to the universities with the bull Cum nuper, and informed all the faithful in the encyclical Infrascriptas.
		Since it neither was nor is our intention that prelates in coming to the council should associate the virtue of obedience with the oppression of their subjects, we admonish prelates one and all with great firmness, that none may presume to use the council as a pretext for burdening his subjects with taxes or exactions.
		With the approval of the sacred council {8}, we decree that if the pope dies in a city where he was residing with his curia, the cardinals present in that city are obliged to await the absent cardinals, but for ten days only.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/LYONS2.HTM (8950 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Second Council of Lyons
		Among those who attended the council were James I, King of Aragon, the ambassadors of the Kings of France and England, the ambassadors of the Emperor Michael Palaeologus and the Greek clergy, the ambassadors of the Khan of the Tatars.
		Lastly the Council of Lyons dealt with the vacancy of the imperial throne.
		Bonaventure, after important interviews at the Council with the Greek ambassadors, died 15 July, at Lyons, and was praised by Peter of Tarentaise, the future Innocent V, in a touching funeral sermon.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09476c.htm (774 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lyons, Second Council of (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Councils And Treaties) - Encyclopedia
		Lyons, Second Council of, Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Councils And Treaties
		Lyons, Second Council of, 1274, 14th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church.
		It was summoned by Pope Gregory X to discuss problems in the Holy Land, to remove the schism of East and West, and to reform the church.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lyons-Se.html (379 words)

	Councils of Lyons
		The council excommunicated and deposed Frederick and absolved his subjects of their oaths of fealty; the actions of the council, however, had no political effect.
		The second of these councils was held in 1274 under Pope Gregory X. Attended by some 500 bishops, it was called principally to effect a reunion of the Western and Eastern churches, but, although a reunion was indeed reached at the council, it proved transitory.
		Many bishops and prelates were unable to attend the council because they had been prevented by the invasions of the Tartars in the east or the attacks of the Saracens in the holy Land, or because Frederick II had intimidated them (especially the Sicilians and Germans).
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/lyons.htm (13578 words)

	Council of Vienne - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Council of Vienne was the Fifteenth Ecumenical Council that met between 1311 and 1312 in Vienne.
		The acts of the Council have disappeared, with the exceptions of a fragment in a manuscript in the National Library in Paris, and of the financial documents of the Templars that were requisitioned.
		The work of the Council was not done in plenary session, but a commission was appointed to examine these official records concerning the order, with a smaller committee of archbishops and bishops presided over by the Archbishop of Aquileia, which was to examine exhaustively the official records and the abstracts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_of_Vienne (1105 words)

	council, ecumenical. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Council of Trent, convened to deal with the Protestant Reformation, was probably the most far-reaching in its effects.
		Pope John XXIII established as one of the principal themes of the Second Vatican Council the reunion of all Christians with the Church of Rome.
		Two famous councils that claimed in vain to be ecumenical are the Robber Council of Ephesus (see Eutyches) and the Council of Pisa during the Great Schism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/council.html (507 words)

	21 Ecumenical Councils
		Summary: The Third General Council of Constantinople, under Pope Agatho and the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, was attended by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch, 174 bishops, and the emperor.
		Summary: The Second Council of Nicaea was convoked by Emperor Constantine VI and his mother Irene, under Pope Adrian I, and was presided over by the legates of Pope Adrian; it regulated the veneration of holy images.
		The Council of Constance was held during the great Schism of the West, with the object of ending the divisions in the Church.
	www.davidmacd.com /catholic/21_catholic_councils.htm (1733 words)

	Catholic Online - Prayers
		The Second Council of Constantinople (A.D. 553) This Council is sometimes referred to as the Council of the Three Chapters because its chief work was to condemn the writings and teaching of Theodore of Mopsuestia, the erroneous portions in the writings of Theodoret, and the letters of Ibas.
		The Council of Vienne (A.D. 1311 and 1312) The purpose of this Council was to settle the affair of the Templars, to advance the rescue of the Holy Land, and to reform abuses in the Church.
		The doctrinal decrees of the Council were: condemnation that the soul is not "in itself the essentially the form of the human body",; that sanctifying grace is infused into the soul at baptism; and denial that a perfect man is not subject to ecclesiastical and civil law.
	www.catholic.org /prayers/councils.php (1572 words)

	Christian History Handbook: Medieval: Lecture Twenty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The Fourth Lateran Council of 1215 was the largest general council of the Middle Ages: 71 archbishops and patriarchal bishops, nearly 400 bishops, more than 800 abbots, priors and representatives of monastic and mendicant orders, and a good number of laymen designed to represent their governments.
		The First Council of Lyons of 1245 was an event in the final conflict between the papacy and the Hohenstaufen Emperor, Frederick II.
		The Second Council of Lyons of 1274 had as its major theme the reunion of the Latin Church of Western Europe with the Greek Orthodox Church of the east.
	www.sbuniv.edu /~hgallatin/ht34632e20.html (3488 words)

	Assemblies and Visitations
		The popes regularly called ecumenical councils for the purposes of raising a crusade against the Muslims, of restoring peace (if there was a state of war) or restoring Christian unity (with the Orthodox), and of reforming the Church.
		Charlemagne’s Council of Frankfort in 794 established diocesan boundaries, determined that clergy would be tried in Church courts, and emphasized the role of Bishops as responsible for their priests.
		His Council at Reims in France in 1049 began the project of requiring canonical elections for bishops; their being named by a secular prince or king was no longer sufficient.
	www.owensborodio.org /priests/boyea.html (4730 words)

	History of the Christian Church, Volume V: The Middle Ages. A.D. 1049-1294. \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		The Oecumenical Councils.—Six general councils were held within a period of one hundred and fifty years, 1123–1274, as against eight held between 325–869, or a period of five hundred years.
		The Second council of Lyons or the Fourteenth oecumenical, 1274, was summoned by Gregory X., and attended by five hundred bishops and one thousand other ecclesiastics.
		The council’s chief significance was the attempt to reunite the churches of the West and the East, the latter being represented by an imposing delegation.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/hcc5.ii.xvii.vi.html (1278 words)

	ACT: List of Ecumenical Councils and their major issues
		Ecumenical Councils are those to which the bishops, and others entitled to vote, are convoked from the whole world (oikoumene) under the presidency of the pope or his legates, and the decrees of which, having received papal confirmation, bind all Christians.
		A council, Ecumenical in its convocation, may fail to secure the approbation of the whole Church or of the pope, and thus not rank in authority with Ecumenical councils.
		Dealt with the crimes and errors imputed to the Knights Templars, the Fraticelli, the Beghards, and the Beguines, with projects of a new crusade, the reformation of the clergy, and the teaching of Oriental languages in the universities.
	members.tripod.com /catholicact/actap01.htm (796 words)

	To Tell You The Whole Truth - The Church: The 21 Ecumenical (General) Councils of the Church
		It declared the authority of the Pope to be superior to that of a General Council.
		Declared that the teachings of the Council of Pisa were invalid since it did not have the Pope's approval.
		This Council declared the infallibility of the Pope, and reaffirmed the teachings of the Church.
	www.scborromeo.org /truth/c2.htm (545 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		As the seat of the council the pope chose Lyons, as being a city beyond the influence--almost certainly malevolent--of Charles, and after some very delicate moves he secured from Charles a guarantee that he would not molest the Greek envoys as they passed through Italy.
		This is the purpose of the second, famous canon of this council, Ubi periculum.
		And in all cities, as soon as the news of the pope's death is known, and solemn masses have been sung for his soul, there are to be daily services for the blessing of God on the cardinals in the conclave, and solemn fasts.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun15.html (4033 words)

	List of Councils -- Apolonio's Catholic Apologetics, Philosophy, Spirituality
		What we do know is that as early as the second century (100-200 AD) it was the custom for the bishops who came together for a bishop's funeral to take charge of the election of his successor.
		The history of the twenty General Councils shows that the bishops--a section of them--not infrequently fought at the council the policies of the popes who had summoned the council, and fought even bitterly.
		But in no council has it been moved that the bishop of X be promoted to the place of the Bishop of Rome, or that the Bishop of Rome's views be disregarded, and held of no more account than those of the bishop of any other major see.
	www.bringyou.to /apologetics/a10.htm (698 words)

	LT66 - ON THE PROCESSION OF THE HOLY SPIRIT
		The Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, with the intent of producing this clarification called for by the Holy Father, and as a contribution to the dialogue undertaken by the Joint International Commission between the Roman Catholic Church and the Greek Orthodox Church, published in French a lengthy doctrinal note in September 1995.
		Historically, in the creed professed in Greek at the Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in 38l A.D., which is the basis of the creed recited liturgically in the Roman Catholic Church, in the article "who proceeds from the Father and the Son," the expression "and the Son" was not present.
		Thus, the Fourth Lateran Ecumenical Council declared in 1215 A.D. that the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit are "consubstantial and coequal and coomnipotent and coeternal" (DS 800), and there have been many similar solemn statements of faith both before and after this decree.
	www.rtforum.org /lt/lt66.html (4173 words)

	MEDIEVAL SERVITE
		In the period shortly before or surely immediately after the Second Council of Lyons (1274), all traces of the original mendicant poverty professed by the friars were necessarily removed from the legislation of the Order, although there is evidence that in many places the friars continued to live a very poor life.
		Some bishops of the period were of the opinion that the Order of Servants of Saint Mary was indeed included in the decrees of the Second Council of Lyons, and they refused to permit the friars in their dioceses to receive novices.
		Mary is considered as a means both in presenting to God the needs of men who, conscious of their own imperfections, implore and invoke her to reconcile them with her Son or obtain what they desire, and in making the graces requested descend upon them or disposing them for the fulfillment of the Divine Will.
	campus.udayton.edu /mary/servite7.html (609 words)

	Second Council of Lyons — Infoplease.com
		The ordinary universal magisterium: unresolved questions.(the Second Vatican Council and the role of bishops)
		The high council of public service organisations: wages and industrial relations issues during the Depression years 1929-34.
		The voice of theologians in general councils from Pisa to Trent.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0830759.html (441 words)

	Circle of Prayer - The Church in Crisis - A History of the General Councils 325 to 1870 - Chapter 14
		And here, in 1274, we have what is lacking for all the earlier General Councils held in the West, namely, documents to show the way the pope prepared for the council.
		It was, he said, a matter of great surprise that they did not amend, and he gave them warning that he was about to take severe action in the matter of their reformation.
		And in the fourth session of the council, July 6, the reunion was accomplished.
	www.circleofprayer.com /church-crisis15.html (4718 words)

	May 7: Second Council of Lyons
		May 7, 1274 •; The Second Council of Lyons Agreed to Lock Cardinals In by the Staff or associates of Christian History Institute.
		The council agreed from now on to lock cardinals in until they made a decision and to restrict their income and diet.
		The Twenty Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church.
	chi.gospelcom.net /DAILYF/2003/05/daily-05-07-2003.shtml (551 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Councils of Lyons
		Previous to 1313 the Abbé Martin counts no less than twenty-eight synods or councils held at Lyons or at Anse near Lyons.
		The pretended colloquy between the Catholic and Arian bishops of Burgundy, said to have been held in 499, is regarded, since the researches of Julien Havet, as apochryphal.
		This encyclopedia deals only with the two general councils of 1245 and 1275.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09476a.htm (135 words)

	Lyon, Lyons- WordWeb dictionary definition
		The council of the Western Church in 1245 that excommunicated Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and planned a new crusade against the Holy Land
		The council in 1274 that effected a temporary reunion of the Greek Orthodox with the Roman Catholic Church
		Encyclopedia: Lyon, France Lyon Lyon, MS Lyon, Mississippi Lyon, Mary
	www.wordwebonline.com /en/LYONS (80 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		A comprehensive survey of the origins, accomplishments and significance of the twenty General Councils of the Church.
		Explains the nature and function of General Councils, and tells how each was called and what it accomplished, in the context of the climate of the times, the men who took part, and the intellectual currents which lay behind the final pronouncements.
		No implication is contained therein that those who have granted the nihil obstat and imprimatur agree with the contents, opinions, or statements expressed.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun0.html (230 words)

	The Church presents Mary as 'ever virgin' September 4,1996
		We find it used in the second symbol of faith composed by St Epiphanius in the year 374, in relation to the Incarnation: the Son of God "was incarnate, that is, he was generated in a perfect way by Mary, the ever blessed virgin, through the Holy Spirit" (Ancoratus, 119,5; DS 44).
		This doctrine was confirmed by the Second Vatican Council, which states that the firstborn Son of Mary "did not diminish his Mother's virginal integrity but sanctified it" (Lumen gentium, n.
		As regards her virginity after the birth, it must first of all be pointed out that there are no reasons for thinking that the will to remain a virgin, which Mary expressed at the moment of the Annunciation (cf.
	www.miraclerosarymission.org /960904.htm (785 words)

	The Ecole Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-08)
		The first Dominican to be elected pope, the Blessed Innocent V was born Peter of Tarentaise c.
		Before becoming pope in January of 1276, he served as provincial of France, Archbishop of Lyons, and cardinal bishop of Ostia.
		He collaborated with Thomas Aquinas and Albertus Magnus to develop a rule of study for the Dominicans, and two years before being elected pope, he eulogized St. Bonaventure and attended the Second Council of Lyons, which had put forth a plan to reunite Western and Eastern Christendom.
	www2.evansville.edu /ecoleweb/glossary/innocentv.html (139 words)

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