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Topic: The Second English Civil War

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	English Civil War - Search View - MSN Encarta
		English Civil War, military conflicts from 1642 to 1646 in England between the armies of Charles I and those of the English Parliament that were influenced by wars that took place at the same time in Ireland and Scotland.
		The second type of explanation was that of so-called Whig historians from the 19th century onward, who (like Marxist historians) believed that the causes of the English Civil War lay in developments that were deep-rooted in the period before 1640, but for them the key developments were political and religious not social and economic.
		The English Civil War thus left a legacy of growing popular political awareness of divisive issues that was to become the basis of the Whig-Tory divisions of later 17th- and early 18th-century England.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /text_761563157__1/English_Civil_War.html (6339 words)

	English Civil War - Wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The English Civil War that broke out on August 27, 1642 and continued until approximately 1650 is often simply referred to in Britain as the "civil war", sometimes leading to confusion with the American Civil War.
		There were two other periods of major civil war after the Norman Conquest: "the Anarchy," which occurred during the 12th century reign of King Stephen, and the Wars of the Roses, which lasted for much of the 15th century.
		The English Parliament, having controverted the king's authority, raised an army led by Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex.
	wikipedia.findthelinks.com /en/English_Civil_War.html (2184 words)

	English Civil War
		The first (1642–1645) and the second (1648–1649) civil wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament, while the third (1649–1651) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament.
		The wars inextricably mingled with and formed part of a linked series of conflicts and civil wars between 1639 and 1651 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, which at that time shared a monarch but formed distinct countries with otherwise separate political structures.
		The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then with a Protectorate (1653–1659): the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell.
	www.tagate.com /wars/page/english.shtml (2109 words)

	New Model Army - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The New Model Army was formed and designed by Oliver Cromwell and Thomas Fairfax as a result of dissatisfaction among Parliamentarians with the conduct of the Civil War in 1644.
		After the end of major civil war hostilities in England, they were in a position to dictate the future of England, which caused a great deal of tension between the political radicals in their ranks and their commanders such as Cromwell and Henry Ireton.
		In 1654, the English Commonwealth declared war on Spain and further regiments of the New Model Army were sent to conquer the Spanish colony of Hispaniola in the Caribbean.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/New_Model_Army (2883 words)

	Lecture 7: The English Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The English Civil War was as much the response to the effects of the Reformation as it was a response to the needs of the rising middle classes, the landed gentry.
		The war itself involved the king, Parliament, the aristocracy, the middle classes, the commoners, and the army.
		The existence of the gentry in the early 17th century was not enough to stimulate a civil war.
	www.historyguide.org /earlymod/lecture7c.html (3713 words)

	Second English Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The close of the First Civil War left England and Scotland in the hands potentially of any one of the four parties or any combination of two or more that should prove strong enough to dominate the rest.
		It is on the adventures of the latter that the interest of the war centres.
		The victors in the Second Civil War were not merciful to those who had brought war into the land again.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_English_Civil_War (1870 words)

	English Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The wars were inextricably mixed with and formed part of a linked series of conflicts and civil wars between 1639 and 1651 in the kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, which at that time shared a monarch but were distinct countries in political organisation.
		The wars led to the trial and execution of Charles I, the exile of his son Charles II, and the replacement of the English monarchy with the Commonwealth of England (1649–1653) and then a Protectorate (1653–1659) under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell.
		In the words of Christopher Hill, "the Civil War was a class war." On the side of reaction was the landed aristocracy and its ally, the established church.
	www.info-pedia.net /about/english_civil_war (4652 words)

	About the American Civil War
		The war proved to be a training ground for American officers who would later fight on both sides in the Civil War.
		And since the war was the act of individuals, the federal government would have to deal with these individuals and not with the states.
		In contrast with the moral clarity and high drama of the Civil War, historians have tended to judge Reconstruction harshly, as a murky period of political conflict, corruption and regression.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /MAPS/civilwar/about.htm (7399 words)

	Castles and the Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Castles of Wales and the Civil War
		When the Civil War broke out between the king and Parliament in 1642 Wales was almost wholly royalist, and a number of castles were garrisoned in Charles I's cause.
		Conwy was renovated and refortified during 1642-43 by John Williams, archbishop of York, and was held for the king throughout the first Civil War.
	www.castlewales.com /civilwar.html (383 words)

	English civil war: The Second Civil War and Its Aftermath
		Dissent and debauchery: women and the English Civil War: a group of second-year students from Southampton University present the results......
		The context and limits of a confederate racial project.(influence of English Civil War in Confederate South)...
		The impact of the American civil war on the local communities of Southern Scotland.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0857998.html (552 words)

	English civil war — FactMonster.com
		English civil war: Bibliography - Bibliography The standard works on the period of the war are by S. Gardiner.
		English civil war: The Nature of the Struggle - The Nature of the Struggle The struggle has also been called the Puritan Revolution because the...
		English civil war: The Rise of the Opposition - The Rise of the Opposition Under James I James I was not long in gaining a personal unpopularity...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/history/A0817372.html (169 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The English Civil War
		The English Civil War was not, as is often portrayed, a war between dashing Cavaliers and sombre Parliamentarians, these are just typecast roles and are as false as modern stereotypes.
		Although most historians date the start of the civil war at 22 August, 1642, when the Royal standard was raised at Nottingham, a complete study of the civil war cannot be done without looking at the causes of the English Civil War.
		The army of the Scottish Coventers crossed the border on 19 January, 1644, in aid of the English Parliament and proceeded to York, which was defended by Royalist forces under the command of Marquis of Newcastle.
	www.bbc.co.uk /h2g2/guide/A453142 (1783 words)

	Howard's Potted History of the English Civil War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The English Civil War is in fact a rather misleading term, as fighting also took place in Scotland and Ireland - the military situation in the latter being a contributory cause of the war in the first place.
		The causes of the first war were complex but at their simplest level reflected a power struggle between the forces of conservatism, represented by the King, and those seeking a more modern constitution, headed by members of Parliament.
		The scene was set for a war which killed through battle or disease a greater percentage of the British population than World War One, and which left untold destruction and misery in its wake.
	www.fairfax.org.uk /main/thewar/warhistory.htm (3250 words)

	Second English Civil War - Alternative History
		Neither side really wanted to start an all-out war, mainly to keep their costly equipment intact, so much of the fighting was restricted to border skirmishes and tactical bombing raids.
		Compared to the armoured trains of the Russian Civil War and WWII, the armoured trains of the Second English Civil War are better armoured, with reactive armour the norm, ATGWs and AA missiles backed up with auto-cannons being the usual armament.
		Though the probability of such a war happening is virtually nil, (or is it, did you see 'A Very British Coup'?), it does provide a rationale for a new period for wargamers in which the forces can be seen to be on almost equal terms.
	www.ifelix.co.uk /art27.html (1832 words)

	The Open Door Web Site : History : The Second Civil War
		Parliament was prepared to keep Charles I as king of England on the condition that his powers were limited by law (constitutional monarchy).
		They argued that all land belonged equally to the whole of the English people, and in saying this they opposed themselves to the rich land owners who kept their land for other purposes than agriculture.
		The Second Civil War consisted of a series of uprisings around the country.
	www.saburchill.com /history/chapters/chap4006f.html (1137 words)

	English civil war — Infoplease.com
		The 'loyal unknown soldier': Wales and the English civil war: Robin Evans assesses the contribution of the Welsh to the troubles of......
		After the Civil Wars: English Politics and Government in the Reign of Charles II.
		THE ENGLISH CONTEXT OF THE BRITISH CIVIL WARS.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0817372.html (306 words)

	Timelines - English Civil War
		However, both sides hoped that either war could be averted or that one decisive battle would put an end to the matter.
		For the first time since the Civil War had began Rupert's cavalry were beaten by a Parliamentarian cavalry charge.
		Charles fled the battlefield as soon as it was apparent that he had lost both the battle and the war.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Chronology/timelinecivilwar.htm (1727 words)

	Civil War Background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		This site explores the turmoil of the Civil Wars and Interregnum, and the constitutional experiments of the Commonwealth and Protectorate period of the 1650s.
		She argues that the English Civil War was just one of an interlocking set of conflicts that encompassed the British isles in the mid-seventeenth century.
		This is an essay on the background to the wars.
	www.casahistoria.net /background.htm (1485 words)

	Silent and Deadly - Modern Skimish Scenario - Second English Civil War
		In this conflict we see a major conflict of the Second English Civil War with combined forces from both sides engaging in conflict around the village of Chew Magna.
		On no account should you attempt to make things fair, as war is never fair...
		In the forces breakdown I have referred to "sections" this has nothing to do with the military term but should be seen as a base of infantry.
	www.ifelix.co.uk /art8.html (585 words)

	English Civil War, Second (1648)
		Brief second flare-up of fighting after the First English Civil War.
		The 'Rump Parliament' that remained then went on to condemn Charles I, who was executed on 30 January 1649, after which England was dominated by the Army.
		The English Civil War, Richard Holmes & Peter Young, an early work by one of the countries best known military historians, this is a superb single volume history of the war, from it's causing to the last campaigns of the war and on to the end of the protectorate.
	www.historyofwar.org /articles/wars_ecw2.html (303 words)

	English Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations which took place between Parliamentarians (known as Roundheads) and Royalists (known as Cavaliers) from 1642 until 1651.
		However, since the Rump Parliament acted as though nothing had changed since 1653 and as if it could treat the Army as it liked, military force shortly afterwards dissolved this too.
		After the second dissolution of the Rump, in October 1659, the prospect of a total descent into anarchy loomed as the Army's pretence of unity finally dissolved into factions.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/English_Civil_War (6780 words)

	English Civil War - Battles
		Although this was a civil war, and the whole country was affected, there were remarkably few major battles.
		However, they were unable to mount a successful attack because the area was covered with hedgerows and bushes making it difficult for the cavalry to be effective.
		The Royalists suffered a number of losses and were driven back. A second Royalist attack on Round Hill was more successful and the Parliamentarians were pushed back.
	www.historyonthenet.com /Civil_War/civil_war_battles.htm (1571 words)

	Amazon.com: Second Civil War: Video: Beau Bridges,Joanna Cassidy,Phil Hartman,James Earl Jones,James Coburn,Dan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		"The Second Civil War" is the most poignant political satire of the nineties, and is a shame that has dissapeared from public scrutiny (no conspiracy theories here!).
		As the story progresses we see it from various points of view like the news network triyng to explore the situation for higher viewings rates, the imconpetent president and his advisors and governor Farley that sees himself in a situation where there is no turning back.
		And you won't find many allusions to the first Civil War here, either, if you are expecting them.
	www.amazon.com /Second-Civil-War-Beau-Bridges/dp/630461862X (1524 words)

	The Second Civil War (1997) (TV) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		MPAA: Rated R for language and some war violence.
		This movie raises a number of excellent points about retaining ethnic identities in a world of melting point political rectitude gone wild.
		It shows that every ethnic group in the WORLD has formed a special interest political faction in the US, but when the citizens in Idaho say, enough, we like our OWN national identity, war is declared.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0120086 (382 words)

	Amazon.com: The Second Civil War: DVD: Beau Bridges,Joanna Cassidy,Phil Hartman,James Earl Jones,James Coburn,Dan ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Amazon.com: The Second Civil War: DVD: Beau Bridges,Joanna Cassidy,Phil Hartman,James Earl Jones,James Coburn,Dan Hedaya,Elizabeth Peña,Denis Leary,Ron Perlman,Kevin Dunn,Shelley Malil,Brian Keith,Kevin McCarthy,Dick Miller,William Schallert,Catherine Lloyd Burns,Jerry Hardin,Larry Flash Jenkins,Ben Masters,Roger Corman,Joe Dante
		What happens when the Governor of Idaho decides to close his state borders to fight a wave of immigrants, but is caught up in a stormy love affair with his fiery Hispanic news reporter mistress?
		The answer may well be the start of THE SECOND CIVIL WAR.
	www.amazon.com /Second-Civil-War-Beau-Bridges/dp/B0007TKNF6 (1394 words)

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