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Topic: Second Industrial Revolution

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	The Second Industrial Revolution
		The first industrial revolution was accompanied by an agricultural revolution characterized by enclosures, improved seeds, scientific stock breeding, and new agricultural machinery.
		The first industrial revolution had a profound impact on the European continent, where it originated, and also on the ret of the globe.
		The second industrial revolution not only is affecting all types of societies but also is leaving a deep imprint on the planet earth itself.
	mars.vnet.wnec.edu /~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/indrev2.html (1940 words)

	Second Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The second industrial revolution is also called the second phase of the Industrial Revolution, since from a technological and a social point of view there is no clean break between the two.
		In the United States of America the Second Industrial Revolution is commonly associated with electrification as pioneered by Nikola Tesla, Thomas Alva Edison and George Westinghouse and by scientific management as applied by Frederick Winslow Taylor.
		This period, akin to the First Industrial Revolution was marked by a significant number of transient urban workers engaged in industrial labour (or the pursuit thereof), relatively common unemployment, low wages, and common prostitution due to the lack of other means of income.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Industrial_Revolution (1173 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Industrial Revolution (also known as the First Industrial Revolution) was one of the major technological, socioeconomic and cultural changes in the late 18th and early 19th century.
		The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the end of feudalism in Great Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century.
		This "second" Industrial Revolution gradually grew to include the chemical industries, petroleum refining and distribution, electrical industries, and, in the twentieth century, the automotive industries, and was marked by a transition of technological leadership from Great Britain to the United States and Germany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Industrial_Revolution (7272 words)

	Industrial Revolution on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION [Industrial Revolution] term usually applied to the social and economic changes that mark the transition from a stable agricultural and commercial society to a modern industrial society relying on complex machinery rather than tools.
		The crucial development of the Industrial Revolution was the use of steam for power, and the greatly improved engine (1769) of James Watt marked the high point in this development.
		The Industrial Revolution was introduced by Europeans into Asia, and the last years of the 19th and the early years of the 20th cent.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/i/industr1.asp (1842 words)

	MSN Encarta - Industrial Revolution
		In the latter 19th century, a second wave of technical and organizational advances carried industrial society to new levels.
		Ford’s moving assembly line gave the world the fullest expression yet of the Second Industrial Revolution, and his production triumphs in the second decade of the 20th century signaled the crest of the new industrial age.
		Industrial engineer Frederick W. Taylor and his followers sought both efficiency and contented workers.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761577952_4/Industrial_Revolution.html#p56 (1180 words)

	Second Industrial Revolution (from Industrial Revolution) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The machines of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th and early 19th centuries were simple, mechanical devices compared with the industrial technology that followed.
		The term is used by analogy in such expressions as the Industrial Revolution, where it refers to a radical and profound change in economic relationships and technological conditions.
		Underlying the American Revolution were unresolved abuses by the British Parliament and Crown, as specified in the Declaration of Independence.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-202623 (944 words)

	Electricity as a forerunner of the ICT revolution - Chapter 2 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		By the time of the Second Industrial Revolution, the hardshops associated with the First Industrial Revolution were beginning to fade into the past.
		In the Second Industrial Revolution, the role of organized science as an initiator of industrial expansion became conspicuous, building on the model of organized research conducted in German chemistry laboratories.
		Unlike the textiles and machinery industries that spearheaded the First Industrial Revolution, which took place primarily in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the bulk and fine chemicals, steel, telecommunications and electrical industries of the Second Industrial Revolution were predominantly developed in large enterprises.
	www.bib.ulb.ac.be /cdrom/wer_lawitie/back/tun_2.htm (604 words)

	Industrial Revolution
		The Industrial Revolution is the name given to the massive social, economic, and technological change in 18th century Great Britain.
		Industrialisation (or industrialization) or an industrial revolution (in general, with lowercase letters) is a process of social and economic change whereby a human society is transformed from a pre-industrial to an industrial state.
		In the United States of America the Second Industrial Revolution is commonly associated with electrification as pioneered by Thomas Alva Edison.
	www.jahsonic.com /IndustrialRevolution.html (672 words)

	The Second Industrial Revolution: Germany
		As in the case of Britain, the industrial strength of modern Germany is based on her iron and steel manufactures.
		It is in the electrical industry that Germany has made her greatest progress, one of the direct results, no doubt, of her excellent technical schools.
		The sugar-beet industry owes a large debt to the agricultural chemists, who have been able to raise the percentage of saccharine content of sugar-beet from 5.7 per cent in 1840 to 13 per cent at the present time.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~jobrien/reference/ob49.html (1195 words)

	opencopy.org - Lecture 11: A Second Industrial Revolution? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Second, while they argue that future belongs to those who can play creatively and purposefully with the information provided by new technologies; they demonstrate an unhealthy preoccupation with the mechanics and minutiae of technology that constantly results in wasteful and mind numbing learning.
		The Industrial Revolution was a true revolution, not in the sense that it broke completely with the technological developments of the past.
		But it was a social revolution in that capitalists required people to completely change their habits and to conform to the new division of labour that blurred the distinction between man and machine.
	opencopy.org /content/view/25/28 (3958 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: )
		T.S. Ashton held that it occurred roughly between 1760 and 1830 (in effect the reigns of George III, The Regency, and part of William IV)Joseph E Inikori.
		It has been argued that GDP per capita was essentially flat until the industrial revolution and the emergence of the capitalist economy, and that it has since increased rapidly in capitalist countries.Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis [1] Retrieved Mar. 11, 2006.
		The reliance on overseas supplies was diminished, and improvements in machine tools and the use of iron and steel in the development of the railways further boosted the industrial growth of Great Britain.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Industrial_Revolution (6772 words)

	THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Authors of this era of the Industrial Revolution described working conditions and the condition of the workers in the darkest terms imaginable, and the European working classes began to devise means by which they could gain a greater share of the profits of the economy.
		Steel industries, once the core of a national industry, began to decline, and new economic powers, lacking the natural resources to support an industrial economy of the traditional sort, began to arise.
		At the same time, the influence of the Industrial Revolution began to be felt through the development of new means of transportation, means that in a very real sense re-drew the map of the world.
	www.ku.edu /kansas/medieval/100/sections/27indust.html (2759 words)

	History of engineering in the second industrial revolution
		The second industrial revolution, symbolized by the advent of electricity and mass production, was driven by many branches of engineering.
		Homburg, E. The emergence of research laboratories in the dyestuffs industry, 1870-1900.
		Smith, J. The evolution of the chemical industry: a technological perspective.
	www.creatingtechnology.org /history2.htm (652 words)

	Industrial Revolution: Second Edition - Listen, Review and Buy at ARTISTdirect (Site not responding. Last check: )
		As a genre, industrial has come to mean a diverse range of musical styles, ranging from the recordings of metal pipes being struck together to the smooth synthesis of Electronic Body Music.
		The inclusion of acts that are not strictly industrial in a musical sense but have had great influence on the genre, such as the smooth acid electronica of Psychic TV, extend the diversity.
		Industrial Revolution: Second Edition presents an interesting range of tracks, from a range of artists whowould otherwise have never appeared on a compilation together, but are equally important to the formation of the genre.
	www.artistdirect.com /nad/store/artist/album/0,,201903,00.html (414 words)

	Americanism and Fordism: The Second Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whether it is defined as "Americanization," "development," "modernization," or "progress," the Second Industrial Revolution granted to the managers of corporate capital, usually with the consent of state power, the authority to decide the ground rules of a new ecology.
		Yet, it is only now, during today’s on-going Third Industrial Revolution, that opportunities are found to move past old-wave principles of economic reproduction by finding digital systems of re-rationalization.
		Industrial capitalism classically has identified with a regime of consummativity--wasteful, expensive, costly--that must now undergo the rigorous restructuring in ecological modernization.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /digitalfordism/7amford.html (1788 words)

	Gould Distinguished Lecture Series. Annual Address, 2000.
		Like the earlier revolution, the later involves a wave of inventions bringing new interlocking means of transportation, new power sources, new materials, mass production of consumer goods, advances in industrial chemistry, and innovative modes of production.
		The industrial research laboratory is but one of many new organizational forms spawned during the Second Industrial Revolution.
		To accept the occurrence of a revolution economic historians look for discontinuities in such economic criteria as the rate of growth of the national income, especially per capita, and they search for rapid changes in the share of agricultural, industrial, and service sectors in the national economy.
	www.lib.utah.edu /gould/1999/lecture99.html (6140 words)

	The Fourth Civilization Chapter 5.1 Tracing a Second Industrial Revolution
		By "second industrial revolution" is meant the automation of those same tasks so machines require few, if any, human attendants.
		The machine revolution proceeded simultaneously through all parts of the economy because the various sectors competed for raw materials and human resources.
		The machines of the industrial age, though as diverse as the industries in which they were employed, had one thing in common that distinguished them from the human workers before them.
	www.arjay.bc.ca /EthTech/Text/Ch5/Ch5.1.html (970 words)

	Essay
		The Industrial revolution was a time of drastic change and transformation from hand tools, and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods.
		The second Industrial revolution proved more drastic, not only in inventions, but in social and government policies and reforms.
		The second industrial revolution utilized the power of electricity to help them develop their technology and help social and home life.
	members.aol.com /mhirotsu/essay.htm (1150 words)

	Industrial Revolution - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Legendary Nintendo Revolution (not to be confused with The Industrial Revolution)
		The Industrial Revolution resulted from the replacement of an economy based on boiling people alive to one dominated by motion, existence and video games.
		The term industrial revolution was introduced by Queen Victoria after a particularly aggressive legal argument she had with the heads of Nintendo who claimed that they had copyrighted the name 'Revolution' for future projects.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/The_Industrial_Revolution (1624 words)

	Rules, New and Old, for Tomorrow's Economy
		The past four centuries have seen one economic revolution after another: the commercial revolution, the industrial revolution--the first application of steam and mechanism--the so-called second industrial revolution of steel and chemicals, the third industrial revolution of electric motors and internal combustion engines.
		Yet after the initial industrial and the mass-production "revolutions" were over, the economy looked much the same--albeit with much, much cheaper cloth in the first case and much, much cheaper vehicles in the second.
		This economic revolution is thus--mostly--a non-revolutionary revolution, that should leave the fundamental structure of the economy with little change.
	www.j-bradford-delong.net /Econ_Articles/Reviews/Information_Rules.html (4118 words)

	Links - History 208 - The Second Industrial Revolution
		The second industrial revolution began around the last decade of the nineteenth century.
		Du Pont has been around long before the second industrial revolution (it used to be a gunpowder manufacturer), but it is known today mostly for synthetic materials.
		One could say that the success of the company itself is a byproduct of the advances made during the second industrial revolution.
	www.wooster.edu /history/gshaya/links/europe20th/secondir.html (885 words)

	THIRD INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
		Toward its end, that Industrial Revolution resulted in the individual tribal member coming under the war lord who had the capital to raise armies and enslave peasants to farm for him and pamper his various lusts.
		Industrial injuries and deaths were common and no protection was ever offered by the industrialists who held the serfs as so much scum.
		During the Second Industrial Revolution, the industrialists and bankers of the white world took power away from the land barons.
	www.blessedquietness.com /journal/prophecy/3rdrevol.htm (3567 words)

	Industrial Revolution -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The great economic and cultural shift called the Industrial Revolution began in England in the late 18th century and from there spread to other parts of the world.
		Changes in industry were so great that the period after 1860 has been called the Second Industrial...
		Bill Bryson visits the town that was at the heart of England's industrial revolution.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9042370 (880 words)

	21st Century: Second Industrial Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Second Industrial Revolution truly began with the building of artificial self-replicating molecular machines.
		Nanomachines capable of assembling carefully designed crystalline materials were built in 2063 and over the next few decades revolutionized manufacturing industry by eliminating all unwanted flaws in materials.
		The nanotech revolution proper began with the construction of nanosystems capable of building macroscopic components for larger machines with atomic precision.
	www.theculture.org /adastra/history/21/Nano.html (550 words)

	E. Paloheimo - THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION A SUMMARY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Second, gradual and phased changes toward a more environmentally-compatible production model and third, a production revolution based on centralised decisions.
		Of these options, the first is politically and psychologically impossible, while the second is too slow and ineffectual.
		The best option for industrialised counties is the third option, that is, to agree on radical changes through an international protocol to be achieved during the next few decades.
	users.hol.gr /~bio/HTML/PUBS/VOL5/html/pal_fin.htm (515 words)

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