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Topic: Second London Naval Treaty

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Washington Naval Treaty

Unrestricted submarine warfare

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February 6

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	Second London Naval Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second London Naval Disarmament Conference opened in London, the United Kingdom, on December 9, 1935.
		The conference was intended to limit the growth in naval armaments until its expiry in 1942.
		Two classes of "Treaty" Battleships were built by the United States: the North Carolina class and the South Dakota class (the "SoDaks" were designed with and protected against 16-inch guns; the North Carolinas were gunned with 16-inch weapons after Japan refused to accept the Treaty but their protection against those weapons was somewhat substandard).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_London_Naval_Treaty (512 words)

	London Naval Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The London Naval Treaty was an agreement between the United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy and the United States, signed on April 22, 1930, which regulated submarine warfare and limited military shipbuilding.
		It was an extension of the conditions agreed in the Washington Naval Treaty and is officially termed the Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament.
		It was a revival of the Geneva Naval Conference of 1927 which had been unable to reach agreement because of bad feeling between the British Government and that of the United States.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/London_Naval_Treaty (311 words)

	naval conferences - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		NAVAL CONFERENCES [naval conferences] series of international assemblies, meeting to consider limitation of naval armaments, settlement of the rules of naval war, and allied issues.
		The status quo of naval fortifications in the W Pacific was to be maintained.
		Reports of Japanese building in excess of 35,000 tons led to a revision (1938) of the treaty limits on the size of capital ships, and with the outbreak of World War II in 1939 the treaties were completely abandoned.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/n1/navalcon.asp (559 words)

	NAVAL WARFARE PUBLICATION
		In a period marked by rapid developments in technology, coupled with the broadening of the spectrum of conflict to encompass insurgencies and state-sponsored terrorism, it is not surprising that nations often disagree as to the precise content of an accepted practice of armed conflict and to its status as a rule of law.
		Naval mines are lawful weapons, but their potential for indiscriminate effects has led to specific regulation of their deployment and employment by the law of armed conflict.
		These rules require that naval mines be so constructed as to become harmless should they break loose from their moorings or otherwise cease to be under the affirmative control of the belligerents that laid them.
	www.lawofwar.org /naval_warfare_publication_N-114M.htm (16029 words)

	Yugoslavia during the Second World War
		In the second half of the 1930s, the Yugoslav government was increasingly pro-German, under the rule of Prince Regent Pavle Stojadinović, the leader of a newly established party supporting the regime, the Jugoslav Radical Union, modeled upon the Italian and German ruling parties of the time.
		The naval ensign was the Yugoslav tricolour with the red five-pointed star in the middle of the white stripe, charged with a white anchor.
		On the second session on the mentioned date the Council took several important decisions that are considered as the basis of establishment of the new, post-Second World War Yugoslavia.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/yu_wwii.html (1485 words)

	Nuremberg Trials - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The legal basis for the trial was established by the London Charter, issued on August 8, 1945, which restricted the trial to "punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis countries".
		In evidence presented at the trial of Karl Dönitz on his orders to the U-boat fleet to breach the London Rules, Admiral Chester Nimitz stated that unrestricted submarine warfare was carried on in the Pacific Ocean by the United States from the first day that nation entered the war.
		Dönitz was found guilty of breaching the 1936 Second London Naval Treaty, but his sentence was not assessed on the ground of his breaches of the international law of submarine warfare.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuremberg_Trials (3029 words)

	Ellyson
		Naval aviation was still in the learn as-you-go phase, no matter what precautions were taken.
		This operation, which included scouting missions and exercises in spotting submerged submarines as part of the fleet maneuvers, served both to demonstrate operational capabilities of the aircraft and to stimulate interest in aviation among fleet personnel, more than a hundred of whom were taken up for flights during the eight-week stay.
		He was then assigned to the Naval Academy as an instructor and was advanced to Lieutenant Commander on May 23, 1917.
	californianavalaviation.homestead.com /Ellyson.html (3181 words)

	WW2Ships.com: Documents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This landmark treaty was one of two which defined the naval forces that each side would have at their disposal at the outbreak of World War Two.
		The 1930 London Naval Treaty was an extension of the 1922 Washington Naval Treaty, addressing issues such as aircraft carriers, submarines, cruisers and destroyers.
		This treaty was an attempt to Britain, France and the USA to secure an extension to the lapsing naval treaties, signed in Washington in 1922 and London in 1930.
	www.ww2ships.com /documents/index.shtml (391 words)

	TREATY BATTLESHIPS
		The 1922 Treaty was replaced by the subsequent London Naval Treaties of 1930 and 1936.
		The Washington Naval Arms Limitation Treaty of 1922 was the result of political pressures to prevent a massive naval arms race between the victorious nations, as they jockeyed for dominance after the end of the First World War.
		All of the treaty battleships were heavily compromised to a greater or lessor extent by the need to at least nominally conform to the limitations of the various international naval arms limitation treaties.
	www.chuckhawks.com /treaty_battleships.htm (11483 words)

	Toward a Second Treaty of Westphalia: The Coming Eurasian World, by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. (Nov. 29, 2004)
		Then, second, proceeding from the basis of the matters of principle treated in the first of the following sections of this report, I shall argue the case for an equitable global treaty arrangement among both nations based upon European civilization and the Asian and other cultures which represent the remaining cultures of the planet.
		[26] Second, that the function of the workers is comparable to that of milk cows, whom one must feed sufficiently that they live and breed to produce meat and milk, but are permitted no other moral claim to a share of the income.
		Second, there are the combined factors of the accelerating trend toward globalization, and the lowering of the level of sanity of the population, through the shift from a producer economy to a debt-as-money, pleasure-seekers' economy.
	www.larouchepub.com /lar/2004/3149second_wphalia.html (12770 words)

	History and Heritage - Battleships (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The term "battleship" that came into usage in the mid-1880s was derived from a term from an earlier 19th Century naval era, "ship-of-the-line." "Ship-of-the-line" described the primary warship classes that were characterized by large size, heavy armor, and carrying a main battery of large caliber guns as well as smaller caliber guns of varying sizes.
		The Washington Naval Reduction Treaty, and the subsequent London Naval Treaty in 1936, established two basic limitations on capital ship design.
		Naval architects endeavored to meet the 35,000 ton displacement criteria, provide for powerful main and secondary battery armament, install armor and other means for protection against torpedoes and bombs, and still achieve a maximum speed of at least 27 knots, which was 5 knots faster than World War I-era battleships.
	www.battleshipnc.com /history/battleships.php (827 words)

	Naval Aviation 1930-39
		The Thirties began quietly with an international treaty extending previous agreements to reduce naval armament, but as the years passed the quiet was dissipated as the nations of the world moved inexorably toward war.
		Naval aviation acquired broader respect and, as it achieved prominence in both fleet organization and operations, became a truly integrated arm of naval power.
		22--A Naval Treaty was signed at London by the signatories of the Washington Naval Treaty which carried forward the general limitations of that earlier agreement and provided for further reductions of naval armament.
	www.history.navy.mil /branches/avchr4.htm (8187 words)

	Russia
		Kuroyedov also said that improvement and maintenance of the naval nuclear forces will require tremendous resources, and that the funds they are receiving are two or three times lower than the minimum necessary to do so.
		However, the internal regulating authority of the Ministry of Defense is responsible for guaranteeing adherence to regulations.
		This material is produced independently for NTI by the Center for Nonproliferation Studies at the Monterey Institute of International Studies and does not necessarily reflect the opinions of and has not been independently verified by NTI or its directors, officers, employees, agents.
	www.nti.org /db/nisprofs/russia/naval/overview.htm (1651 words)

	Antique Prints of Naval Engagements and Events
		The first naval battle of the war was fought on June 1, 1794 west of Ushant, off the Brittany Peninsula.
		The second state of this print can be identified by the addition of J. Webster as co-publisher of the print.
		The second state is indicated by a different publisher and the addition of ship information in the bottom margin.
	www.philaprintshop.com /navalengage.html (1844 words)

	North Carolina
		The decisive factor in the construction of the North Carolina class certainly was the Washington Naval Arms Limitation Treaty of 1922, and the London Naval Treaty of 1936, replacing and adding to the earlier treaty.
		That country had threatened to abandon the treaties it had signed in 1934 (and would do so, in 1937), which essentially left the remaining signatories in a problematical situation.
		Though the problems one could expect from such strict limitations as those of the Washington Treaty were encountered and solved, the major issue of the main gun caliber was not decided until the last minute.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/ships/battleships/north_carolina.htm (645 words)

	International Treaty for the Limitation and Reduction of Naval Armament
		In the case of the second of the ships to be scrapped by the United States, and of the third and fourth of the ships to be scrapped by the United Kingdom, the said periods shall be eighteen and thirty months respectively from the coming into force of the present Treaty.
		Subject to the provisions of Article 2 of the present Treaty, the rules for disposal contained in Annex II to this Part II shall be applied to all vessels of war to be disposed of under the said Treaty, and to aircraft carriers as defined in Article 3.
		The present Treaty shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional methods and the ratifications shall be deposited at London as soon as possible.
	www.microworks.net /pacific/road_to_war/london_treaty.htm (4964 words)

	The Contemplator's Short History of the Anglo-Dutch Wars
		It was the end of the second war that gave the British New Amsterdam (which became, of course, New York).
		The Second Anglo Dutch War resulted from two incidents: the first in 1663 when an English squadron captured two Dutch posts in West Africa (because the Dutch were underselling the English in the slave trade), and the second incident, the taking of New Amsterdam in 1664.
		The lord high admiral of England in the Second and Third Dutch wars was none other than James II, brother (Duke of York during the Wars) and eventual successor to Charles II.
	www.contemplator.com /history/dutchwar.html (1158 words)

	Dwight David Eisenhower
		As the new second lieutenant of infantry left West Point for his first assignment, it was clear that he was well suited to the world of team play and cooperative endeavor that characterized the Army.
		One important aspect of those discussions was Conner's insistence that the Treaty of Versailles made another war inevitable within thirty years, and that any future war would be waged by a coalition of which the United States would be a part.
		In dealing with the creation of a common defense against the threat of Communist aggression, Eisenhower and his allied staff worked within the constraints of a Europe that was recovering from the ravages of World War II and still stood on the edge of economic collapse.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/brochures/ike/ike.htm (8185 words)

	Truman Library - Truman Papers: Naval Aide to the President Files
		General view of the conference table at the Potsdam Conference, where the Naval Aide's office was instrumental in all communications between President Truman's local headquarters and the White House to, from and during his stay in Germany.
		The Naval Aide was involved in intelligence briefings for the president and conferences on urgent matters relating to the military and diplomatic fields.
		The Naval Service Case File, which is arranged alphabetically, contains correspondence, cables, memoranda and newspaper clippings with information pertaining to naval personnel including discharges, military discipline, retirement, and personnel missing in action or killed in action.
	www.trumanlibrary.org /hstpaper/naval.htm (1651 words)

	The History of Naval Design
		This period found naval designers in something of a quandary, as they tried to combine iron hulls, sails, steam power, turrets and so on, at a time of rapid increases in gunpower, and thus the thickness of armour.
		In 1902, a 20-year treaty was signed with Japan, allowing the recall of many naval units, and their concentration in home waters and the Mediterranean.
		In the Interwar period, both Americans and Japanese had devoted their attention to the issue of naval flying, and the role it was to play.
	www.gwpda.org /naval/scnavdes.htm (3697 words)

	Military
		Contains nearly 800 pages of extensive information on the characteristics, capabilities, and composition of the navies [naval and air] and principal paramilitary organizations of the world's more that 150 maritime nations.
		Contains nearly eleven hundred pages of extensive information on the characteristics, capabilities, and composition of the navies [naval and air] and principal paramilitary organizations of the world's more that 150 maritime nations.
		Account of an American who was a Corporal in the 22D London Battalion of the Queen's Royal West Surrey Regiment during the early days of World War I. This copy: very nice condition, clean text, boards; name and date of 1918 in ink at fly, else no writing to endpapers or text.
	www.secondhandprose.com /military.htm (5638 words)

	London Naval Conference
		A naval building race was underway that was characterized by the construction of smaller ships not covered by the treaties of the 1921 Washington Conference.
		The holiday on capital ship construction was extended through December 31, 1936, the existing ratio of ships permitted to the major naval powers remained at 10:10:6, except for those previously authorized for lesser powers France and Italy, and maximum tonnages were reduced.
		In 1934, Japan signaled its intention to withdraw from the treaties, which prompted a second London Conference in 1935-36 on the eve of the expiration the first London agreement.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h1517.html (871 words)

	The US Navy Battleship List
		(second class battleship) Sunk by explosion 15 Feb 1898; Floated and scuttled at sea 16 Mar 1912.
		Scrapped by the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard 1924 IAW Washington Treaty.
		She was stricken from the Naval Register on 1 Dec 1942.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/ships/battleships/bb-list.asp (1243 words)

	Wikinfo \| Capital ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		There is usually no formal criterion for the classification, but it is a useful concept when thinking about strategy, for instance to compare relative naval strengths in a theater of operations without having to get bogged down in the details of tonnage and gun diameters.
		In the 20th century, typical capital ships would be battleships, heavy cruisers, and aircraft carriers.
		The definition of "capital ship" was formalized in the limitation treaties of the 1920s and 30s; see London Naval Treaty and Second London Naval Treaty.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Capital_ship (181 words)

	Between Fleet Scouts & Commerce Raiders (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Admittedly at the highest levels, senior naval leaders faced the possibility that “the character of the war may change,” and discussed the possible commitment of American submarines to an unrestricted submarine campaign before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.
		Of the merchant vessels targeted, however, 18 ships were troop transports engaged in amphibious landing operations and a type of ship explicitly permitted under the early-war version of Current Doctrine, Submarines.
		This was affirmed by the London Naval Treaty and ratified by act of the U.S. Congress in 1930, see Ibid., p.184.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_27/scouts2.html (3321 words)

	The Naval Treaty
		This article, the second in a series on Holmes and diplomacy (DB1175), is a commentary on the British Foreign Office of the 1880's as reflected in Nava.
		The mission concerned the marriage plans of Prince Oscar (1859-1953), a naval officer and second son of King Oscar II of Sweden-Norway.
		A specimen of Watson's calligraphy is reproduced therein.
	special.lib.umn.edu /rare/ush/06B3.html (17750 words)

	The Complete Sherlock Holmes Collection - The Naval Treaty - World's Greatest Classic Books
		Meanwhile I pass on to the second on my list, which promised also at one time to be of national importance, and was marked by several incidents which give it a quite unique character.
		This second one leads by means of a second small stair to a side door, used by servants, and also as a short cut by clerks when coming from Charles Street.
		I had been so confident of regaining the treaty at once that I had not dared to think of what would be the consequence if I failed to do so.
	www.fortunecity.com /tinpan/quickstep/1103/holmes/naval_treaty.htm (5672 words)

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