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| | The First Northern War, 1655-1660 |
 | | Meanwhile, the Brandenburg Army (at the start of the war a Polish ally, and temporarily at war with Sweden, defeated, then signed the TREATY OF KÖNIGSBERG) had joined the Swedes; the allies defeated the Poles in the BATTLE OF WARSAW (July 1656). |
 | | The war was ended with the TREATY OF OLIVA 1660, which did not result in any gain for Sweden, but in the recognition of the independence of the Duchy in Prussia by Poland. |
 | | In the First Northern War, Sweden lacked both, legitimation and allies, the war in Poland rather creating an alliance of enemies. |
| www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/firstnorthern.html (956 words) |
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