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Topic: Second Partition of Poland

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	Partitions of Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The partition treaty was ratified by its signatories on September 22, 1772.
		The adoption by the Commonwealth of the May Constitution of Poland prompted aggressive actions on the part of its neighbours, wary of the potential renaissance of the Commonwealth.
		Russia gained a larger share of Poland and, after crushing an insurrection in 1831, the Congress Kingdom of Poland's autonomy was abolished and Poles faced confiscation of property, deportation, forced military service, and the closure of their own universities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Partition_of_Poland (2055 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Poland revolted from the empire, and the Polish Church began a reform in accordance with Gregory's decrees.
		The Church of Poland took part, it is true, in the Synod of Constance, at which Hus was burnt, but had not the strength to oppose effectively the reactionary tendency of the nobility, which sought to use heresy as a counterpoise to the influence of the Church.
		A second convent of the Trinitarians was at Cracow; the third, at Stanislaw, was suppressed by the Austrian government in 1783; the fourth, in Volhynia (Beresczek), in 1832.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12181a.htm (17006 words)

	Kościuszko Uprising - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first partition of Poland and the War in the defence of constitution resulted in serious weakening of the reformist movement in Poland, supporting the May Constitution.
		However, after the second partition of Poland the ruling partisans of Imperial Russia united in the Confederation of Targowica were also weakened.
		The people supporting Russia as the main guarantor of the golden freedoms after the second partition were seen as traitors of their country rather than heroes and opposition to their rule gained much support, both within the gentry and the burghers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kosciuszko_Uprising (1742 words)

	Past and Present Regions of Poland
		During the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, the region was annexed by the Russian Empire.
		Although Małopolska is one of Poland's 16 administrative provinces, historically the area associated with this name is significantly larger stretching from Czestochwa in the west to Lublin in the east and encompassing the land between this line and the mountain ranges forming Poland's southern border.
		Poland's northeasternmost province, it divides Poland from Lithuania and Belarus.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/regions.html (4149 words)

	Partitions of Poland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, commonly known as the Partitions of Poland (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Padalijimas) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
		Its chief architect, Ignacy Potocki, was Grand Master of Polish Masonry, and the conditions of the Pact were such that the succeeding and final two partitionings of Poland were inevitable, in the circumstances [6].
		Partitions of Poland, History, Prelude, First Partition, Second Partition, Third Partition, Aftermath, Assessment, Fourth Partition, See also, References, 1772, 1793, 1795, History of Belarus, History of Lithuania, History of Austria, History of Prussia and History of Russia.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Partitions_of_Poland (2000 words)

	Poland - MSN Encarta
		In November Poland was proclaimed an independent republic, and Józef Piłsudski became the temporary head of state.
		The Treaty of Versailles, signed in June 1919, granted Poland a narrow belt of territory (the so-called Polish corridor) extending along the Wisła River to the Baltic Sea, and large sections of Poznań and West Prussia.
		In 1932 Poland concluded a nonaggression pact with the USSR.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761559758_11/Poland.html (1373 words)

	Brief history of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Kingdom of Poland is marked in white; Russia - in green, Austria - in yellow and Prussia - in blue.
		During those so-called Partitions of Poland, Prussia acquired the western regions of Poland, esp. those, which were later renamed to West Prussia (formerly Royal Prussia) and Province of Posen (the area around Poznan, the Polish name being Wielkopolska, i.e.
		Most of the 19th century Kingdom of Poland, the whole Galicia and most of the former Prussian provinces of West Prussia and Posen together with some areas of present-day Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine constituted Poland between the Wars.
	www.polishroots.org /genpoland/polhistory.htm (881 words)

	Poland History
		It is said that "he found Poland built of wood and left her built of stone." His ambitious projects ringed the country with fortifications.
		Jogaila, known as Jagiello, was crowned as King of Poland in February of 1386 at an assembly of Polish barons and nobility and adopted the name of Wladyslaw II.
		Subsequently, the nobility elected the new king of Poland; it was to be French prince Henri de Valois.
	www.snookems.com /poland/phistory.htm (8510 words)

	Poland - The Three Partitions, 1764-95
		Confounding expectations that he would be an obedient servant of his mistress, Stanislaw August encouraged the modernization of his realm's ramshackle political system and achieved a temporary moratorium on use of the individual veto in the Sejm (1764-66).
		This turnabout threatened to renew the strength of the monarchy and brought displeasure in the foreign capitals that preferred an inert, pliable Poland.
		Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism then at high tide in France, Russia and Prussia abrogated the Constitution of May 3, carried out a second partition of Poland in 1793, and placed the remainder of the country under occupation by Russian troops.
	countrystudies.us /poland/11.htm (1006 words)

	Paritions of Poland
		The three partitions of Poland, in 1772, 1793, and 1795, entirely eliminated one of the largest and oldest countries of Europe and completed the absorption of a whole region of Europe by neighboring empires.
		Along with the first partition of Poland and what seemed to be permanent Russian control of the rest of that country, the peace of 1774 contributed so much to Catherine’s prestige that five years later she could act as mediator in the Austro-Prussian rivalry in German affairs.
		It is true that during most of the breathing space granted to Poland between the first and the second partition, her diplomacy had continued to be rather passive, and that the king’s attempts to obtain for his country the possibility of participating in the solution of the Eastern question were a total failure.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/15.htm (5206 words)

	AllEmpires - The Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth (Full) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It was the first time that a deceased monarch's son had not been elected to succeed him; that the rightful candidate had been debarred from the throne by military force; and that the Poles had acquired a German king, which went against a long tradition of keeping German hegemony at arm's length.
		Poland's internal and external affairs were now the business of Russia, and to a lesser extent of Prussia and Austria, since Poland had to be kept isolated.
		A second partition of Poland was agreed between Russia and Prussia, and signed in Petersburg in 1793.
	www.allempires.com /empires/polish_lit_full/polish_lit3.htm (2662 words)

	The Historical Setting: The Noble Republic (1572-1795)
		On occasion, these campaigns brought Poland near to conquest of Muscovy and the Baltic coast, but they compounded the military burden imposed by the ongoing rivalry with the Turks, and the Swedes and Russians extracted heavy repayment a few decades later.
		Poland's important role in aiding the European alliance to roll back the Ottoman Empire was rewarded with territory in western Ukraine by the Treaty of Karlowicz (1699).
		Arguing that Poland had fallen prey to the radical Jacobinism (see Glossary) then at high tide in France, Russia and Prussia abrogated the Constitution of May 3, carried out a second partition of Poland in 1793, and placed the remainder of the country under occupation by Russian troops.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /classroom/longhist3.html (2064 words)

	Knowledge Products Audiobooks - Poland
		The breakdown of Europe's Eastern Bloc proves that the map of Europe cannot be redrawn merely to serve political ends.
		Poland is at height of Golden Age (ca 1580-1700); largest state in Europe.
		Hitler renounces pact with Poland (1939), agrees with Russia to partition Poland (Fourth Partition).
	www.audioclassics.net /html/hot_files/poland.cfm (367 words)

	History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The western Ukrainian principality of Galicia, founded in the 12th century, suffered less from the Mongol invasion than the rest of the area, and was annexed by Poland in the 14th century.
		In 1920 the advance of the Russian Bolshevik armies caused the Petlyura government and Poland to become allies; they were too weak, however, to prevent the Soviet government from assuming control of the country.
		A second separatist movement developed in eastern Ukraine, where coal miners and other workers in eastern Ukraine went on strike in June 1993 to protest the poor state of the economy.
	burns.dcb.du.edu /history.asp?id=74 (842 words)

	World History 1790- 1800 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The second partition of Poland divided Poland between Prussia and Russia.
		After Poland was partitioned for the second time, the Poles led by Thaddeus Kosciusko rose up against the Russians.
		The Republic of Venice was partitioned between France and Austria.
	www.multied.com /dates/1790ad.html (1890 words)

	Polish Silver Standards (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Russia seized the territory as far as the Bug and Niemen rivers, Prussia the rest of Great Poland with Warsaw, and Austria the whole of Little Poland with Cracow.
		Poland as an independent state ceased to exist.
		After the re-establishment of Poland, new hallmarks were introduced on 9 August.
	freespace.virgin.net /a.data/poland.htm (213 words)

	History of Poland - Partition of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Stung by this, the Poles embarked on a radical programme of reforms, including the partial emancipation of serfs and the encouragement of immigration from the three empires which had undertaken the Partition of Poland.
		In 1791, Poland was given the first codified constitution in Europe since classical antiquity and the second in the modern world, after the United States.
		There were some heroic attempts to save Poland's independence, however the Poles were defeated what was equivalent to the Second Partition of Poland (1793).
	www.tenetour.com /history4.php (197 words)

	The Province of Posen (Poznan) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This region was the historical center of origin of the Polish Nation in the 10th century and has always been one of the richest and most developed provinces of Poland.
		During longer historical periods (but NOT between 1815 and 1938) Poznan was the administrative center for the Eastern Greater Poland (with towns such as Kalisz and Konin), too.
		Therefore, I have included a short genealogical introduction to this region as well, although it did not belong to the Prussian 'Provinz Posen' but rather to the Kalisz Gubernya of the Kingdom of Poland governed by Russia.
	www.polishroots.org /genpoland/pos.htm (631 words)

	Poland - Bibliography
		Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia.
		The Second Partition of Poland: A Study in Diplomatic History.
		Rachwald, Arthur R. "Poland Between the Superpowers: Three Decades of Foreign Policy," Orbis, 20, Winter 1977, 1055-83.
	countrystudies.us /poland/94.htm (327 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The so called May 3rd Constitution wasthe second written constitution in Europe.
		This attempt to revive the Polish state, however, was ultimately doomed with the defeat of Bonaparte.
		The administration of the country in both areas, on practically every level, was almost completely in the hands of non-Poles.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history4.htm (1735 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Poland / Bibliography
		Paltrow, Scot J. "Poland and the Pope: The Vatican's Relations with Poland, 1978 to the Present," Millennium: Journal of Independent Studies [London], 15, No. 1, Spring 1986, 1- 26.
		"Poland's Economic Relations with the West in the 1980s: The Impact of Political and Economic Factors," Coexistence, 25, September 1988, 299-318.
		Poland: Economic Reform and Policy in the 1980s.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/poland/pl_bibl.html (4511 words)

	H-Net Review: Hugo Lane on The Partitions of Poland 1772, 1793, 1795
		Between 1772 and 1795, the second largest state in Europe, the Commonwealth of Two Nations, or as it is usually known in English the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was wiped from the map.
		In 1773, however, that was impossible given the partitioning powers' overriding concern that the new boundaries should be ratified and made permanent.
		Poles have long taken comfort in the national humilation that was the partitions by seeing them as the basis for a new found sense of unity that ultimately brought them independence over a century later.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=8308934566298 (2220 words)

	HISTORY OF POLAND
		965 - Ibrahim~Ibn Jakus, a Moorish Jew from Spain, documents the earliest record of the area known as Poland.
		1025 - Boleslaw the Brave, the first King of a unified Poland.
		1918 - Independent Poland reborn after WW I. 1926 - Pilsudski takes power in a coup d'etat.
	home.earthlink.net /~jodi-poland/id24.html (139 words)

	Poland- Catholic Church Local History and Ancestors Genealogy Research
		A brief history of Poland in the last 200 years with maps and information of interest concerning Byzantine Catholics and areas including Austria, Belarus, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Prussia, Russia and the Ukraine.
		Biography of Cardinal Jozef Glemp, Primate of Poland (born in 1929)
		Blessed Mother Maria Angela (Sophia) Truszkowska, (1825-1899), of Poland, founded the Felician Sisters (Congregation of the Sisters of St. Felix) now in Poland, North and South America, and in Africa.
	home.att.net /~Local_Catholic/Catholic-Poland.htm (1261 words)

	Find in a Library: The second partition of Poland : a study in diplomatic history
		Find in a Library: The second partition of Poland : a study in diplomatic history
		The second partition of Poland : a study in diplomatic history
		Subjects: Poland -- History -- Second partition, 1793.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/ad877414c4217115.html (80 words)

	Poland
		Jadwiga marries Jagiello of Lithuania, beginning a personal union between Poland and Lithuania.
		1569: The Union of Lublin--merged Poland and Lithuania
		1919: The Treaty of Versailles cedes Posen and West Prussia to Poland
	www.thenagain.info /webchron/EastEurope/PoleChron.html (154 words)

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