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Topic: Second Republic of Poland


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In the News (Mon 30 Nov 09)

  
  Poland
Poland is bordered to the north by the Baltic Sea, to the northeast by Russia and Lithuania, and to the east by Belarus and Ukraine.
Poland's relief was formed by the actions of Ice Age glaciers, which advanced and receded over the northern part of the country several times during the Pleistocene Epoch (1,600,000 to 10,000 years ago).
Poland: A Handbook (1977; originally published in Polish, 2nd ed., 1977), is a comprehensive reference source written by Polish authors and published in Poland for readership outside the country.
www.nd.edu /~kielbasa/poland.htm   (9198 words)

  
 Poland. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
It borders on Germany in the west, on the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad region of Russia in the north, on Lithuania, Belarus, and Ukraine in the east, and on the Czech Republic and Slovakia in the south.
In 1697 the elector of Saxony was chosen king of Poland as Augustus II by a minority faction supported by Czar Peter I. Augustus allied himself with Russia and Denmark against Charles XII of Sweden.
The Sovietization of Poland was accelerated; in 1949, Soviet Marshall Konstantin Rokossovsky was made minister of defense and commander in chief of the Polish army.
www.bartleby.com /65/po/Poland.html   (4078 words)

  
 Poland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The adoption of Christianity in Poland is seen by many Poles, regardless of their religious affiliation, as one of the most significant national historical events, as the new religion was initially used to unify the tribes in the region.
It is bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and the Baltic Sea, Lithuania, and Russia (in the form of the Kaliningrad Oblast exclave) to the north.
Poland has a large agricultural sector of private farms, that could be a leading producer of food in the European Union now that Poland is a member.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Republic_of_Poland   (2926 words)

  
 Brief history of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland is marked in white; Russia - in green, Austria - in yellow and Prussia - in blue.
The Tzars gave it relatively much autonomy and created the new Kingdom of Poland there (but dependent on Russia) whereas the former eastern parts of Poland were directly incorporated into the Empire (and the populace of the Byzantine Catholics living there was forced to "convert" to Eastern Orthodox).
Most of the 19th century Kingdom of Poland, the whole Galicia and most of the former Prussian provinces of West Prussia and Posen together with some areas of present-day Belarus, Lithuania and Ukraine constituted Poland between the Wars.
www.polishroots.org /genpoland/polhistory.htm   (881 words)

  
 Sarmatian Review XIX.1: PolandÕs Holocaust
Besides the enmity of Germany and the Soviet Union, Poland was forced to contend with rising minority discontent.
Continuing along the lines of his previous work on interwar Poland, Polish-Ukrainian relations and Ukrainian nationalism, Tadeusz Piotrowski presents a detailed examination of collaboration with the Soviet and Nazi occupation forces of the ethnic minorities living mainly in the eastern provinces of pre-World War II Poland.
He reminds the reader that collaborators were only a small percentage of Poland's 35 million pre-war citizens, but because of their cooperation with Soviet or Nazi forces, over six million Polish citizens were murdered, both Jews and Christiansall of them, he reiterates, victims of Poland's Holocaust.
www.ruf.rice.edu /~sarmatia/199/glass.html   (1702 words)

  
 [No title]
Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic (commonly referred to as Slovakia), and Hungary are members of the Visegrad Group, created in February 1991 at the northern Hungarian town of Visegrad.
Poland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Hungary can now attend EU meetings with observer status and will become full members on May 1, 2004, assuming the treaty is ratified in each country.
Poland is the exception, where coal accounted for 93% of the country's primary energy production in 2001, and remains one of the country's most important employers.
www.eia.doe.gov /emeu/cabs/poland.html   (4347 words)

  
 GoPoland! Web Travel Guide to Poland
Poland landed back on the map of Europe when the three empires destroyed one another in World War I. Following the war, its borders shifted somewhat over the next few years, but one early decision proved fatal 20 years later.
Given the strongly German population of Danzig and the surrounding Pomeranian region, the Treaty of Versailles established Danzig as a 'free city' and east Pomerania as German.
But Poland required access to the sea, and was granted it as a thin sliver which isolated these German lands from the Fatherland.
www.gopoland.com /history/h5.shtml   (246 words)

  
 (Poland: History of its Elective Democracy)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Another important rokosz was led in 1665 by Jerzy Lubomirski, the Grand Marshal of Poland and Field Commander of the Army, during the administration of the second son of Sigismund III, John Casimir Vasa.
The process of reunification of Poland from the dynastic subdivisions of the Middle Ages, and the growth of the state through political unions, led to the gradual shift of the political center of gravity of the country.
JACEK JĘDRUCH was born in 1927 in Warsaw, Poland..
info-poland.buffalo.edu /JJ.html   (11665 words)

  
 Republic of Poland -- Concluding Statement of the 2006 Article IV Consultation Mission
Missions are undertaken as part of regular (usually annual) consultations under Article IV of the IMF's Articles of Agreement, in the context of a request to use IMF resources (borrow from the IMF), as part of discussions of staff monitored programs, and as part of other staff reviews of economic developments.
For the first time in years, Poland is enjoying a combination of strong and balanced growth, low inflation, rising employment, and a small current account deficit.
Most fundamentally, Poland has benefited from a strong and independent central bank with a sound inflation targeting framework, commitment to a transparent floating exchange rate system, adequate foreign exchange reserves, and an effective role in bank supervision.
www.imf.org /external/np/ms/2006/052206.htm   (2242 words)

  
 POLAND
In 1927, a new image of the eagle was adopted by decree of the President of the Republic.
The flag that features Poland's white eagle set against a red shield on the white field is known as a "bandera" (ship's flag or ensign).
In 1948, it was confirmed by the authorities of the Polish People's Republic and introduced to the constitution in 1976.
www.cs.montana.edu /angryk/pages/poland.htm   (596 words)

  
 Intercountry Adoption Poland
In some areas of Poland, adoptive parents may also be financially responsible for the costs of housing the child in the orphanage from the time the adoption is final and until the adoptive parents remove the child from the orphanage.
In most cases in Poland, parents or their helpers are able to obtain all the necessary documents and translations five to seven working days after the adoption is final.
Second, medical facilities often lack Western-style equipment for diagnoses; this factor, along with the brevity of the physical exam, means that not every potential medical problem is definitively diagnosed.
travel.state.gov /family/adoption_poland.html   (4422 words)

  
 Emanuel (Il05) - Press Release - Emanuel Introduces Resolution to Make Republic of Poland Eligible for the Visa Waiver ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
“Poland is a first-class friend and should not be treated as a second-class citizen,” Emanuel said.
In recognition of the historic changes in bilateral relations and motivated by the strong desire to enhance contacts between Polish and American citizens and their families, Poland unilaterally repealed the visa obligation to U.S. citizens traveling to Poland for up to a 90-day period beginning on April 15, 1991.
Emanuel concluded, “With Poland at our side, we can achieve our shared goals of liberty and freedom from fear of terror and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
www.house.gov /apps/list/press/il05_emanuel/Poland_Resolution.html   (763 words)

  
 Second Polish Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The "Invasion of Poland" campaign began 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the secret Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, and ended 6 October 1939, with Germany and the Soviet Union occupying the entirety of Poland.
After Poland gained its independence in 1921, a large part of its population was some type of minority or another.
In 1931 Poland had the second largest Jewish population in the world, and one-fifth of all Jews resided within Poland's borders (approx.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Republic_of_Poland   (1092 words)

  
 GlobaLex - Poland-- Legal Research Guide
The examples of such acts are: resolutions ("uchwała") adopted by the Sejm, Senate and the Council of Ministers, orders ("zarządzenie") issued by the President of the Republic of Poland, the President of the Council of Ministers and ministers, the acts of local law that are not universally binding and non-ratified international agreements.
The competent organs to issue the regulations are the President of Republic of Poland, the Council of Ministers, the National Broadcasting Council, the Chairman of the Committee who is a member of the Council of Ministers, and the minister that manages the relevant area of public administration.
President of the Republic of Poland is the supreme representative of the
www.nyulawglobal.org /globalex/Poland.htm   (2177 words)

  
 Keyword   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
Poland's defense minister proposes one-year Afghanistan mission Poland's Defense Minister Radoslaw Sikorski said on Wednesday that he would recommend to the president and the Council of Ministers that the mission of Polish troops in Afghanistan last only 12 months, the PAP news agency reported.
SAINT HEDWIGDuchess of Poland and Widow(†1243)Saint Hedwig was the wife of Henry, Duke of Silesia and Poland, and the mother of six children.
Poland's parliament is expected in a few days' time to vote on an opposition motion calling for early elections, following a break-up of the governing coalition of conservatives and populists.
www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/k-poland/browse   (5581 words)

  
 Republic of Poland since1990   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
It had initially the form of the oval red enameled medal, replaced by the cross in 1709 and worn from the neck, and from 1713 on the sash and with a star.
The cross for Bravery awarded in II Republic had an extra diagonal (left to right) stripe of green and dark blue; that awarded in III Republic has a narrow vertical stripe of the same colors in the middle of the ribbon.
On the ribbon bars the cross with Swords is denoted by a pair of swords on the ribbon; since 1960 gold and silver crosses have been marked by a gilt or silver vertical braid in the middle of the ribbon bar.
www.medals.lava.pl /pl/pl4a.htm   (2677 words)

  
 Republic of Poland and the IMF -- All pages   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
The Republic of Poland is a subscriber to the Special Data Dissemination Standard.
On behalf of: Republic of Azerbaijan, Switzerland, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Poland, Republic of Serbia, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan.
On behalf of: Republic of Azerbaijan, Switzerland, Kyrgyz Republic, Republic of Poland, Republic of Serbia, Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Republic of Uzbekistan.
www.imf.org /external/country/pol/index.htm?pn=0   (4747 words)

  
 The Polish Museum of America - Museum History
The year 1939 marked the 20th anniversary of the Second Republic of Poland and the government of Poland marked that anniversary with a large exhibition at that World’s Fair.
At the close of the World’s Fair, it became clear that the Polish exhibits could not return to Poland and their disposition was uncertain.
The second significant event was the donation to the Museum of the personal possessions of Ignacy Jan Paderewski following his death in June 1941.
pma.prcua.org /historyen.html   (716 words)

  
 IslamOnline - Art & Entertainment Section   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
The Muslim Tartars have been in Poland for centuries and there are an estimated 4,000 residing in the country today, occupying a handful of towns.
In the second republic of Poland, between 1919 and 1939, the Polish Tartar Muslims had 19 religious communities with mosques and cemeteries, all of which were managed by a mufti who resided in Vilnius.
We hurled past the hamlets at a speed which would undoubtedly have drawn the attention of the local police were it not for the fact that they seemed to be on a doughnut break.
taarafu.islamonline.net /English/artculture/2005/04/article03.shtml   (1617 words)

  
 Poland's Lech Walesa quits Solidarity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
The 62-year-old Nobel Peace laureate said he left after Solidarity members ignored his criticism of their support for the Law and Justice Party and its leaders, twin brothers Lech and Jaroslaw Kaczynski, during last fall's election campaign.
First truly patriotic and truly Polish leaders since the fall of the Second Republic of Poland in 1939.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management.
www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1688092/posts   (1289 words)

  
 News From Poland   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
An exhibition "Jewish Poster in the Second Republic of Poland" can be seen until April 9 in the Blekitny Wiezowiec in Warsaw, which houses the Jewish Historical Institute.
The 150 posters of cultural, social, political and sports character from the collections of the YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York depicts the co-existence of the Polish and Jewish communities in inter-war Poland.
There are also announcements and appeals of Jewish and Polish political groupings.
www.polishworld.com /polemb/news/0399/jewish.htm   (92 words)

  
 Decorations of the Republic of Poland
The Order of Polonia Restituta (Poland Restored) was established in 1921 and was conferred in five classes: Grand Cross, Grand Commander (2nd Class), Commander, Officer and Member.
The pre-war version, that of the Polish government-in-exile in the West, and the current Republic are all dated "1918" on the reverse, while those awarded by the Communist regime were dated "1944".
Grand Commander / Second Class (Spink-made example for the Polish Government-in-Exile)
home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/poland.htm   (79 words)

  
 News From Poland
Poland to Change Territorial Defense to Catch up With NATO
Poland's Income Per Capita Growing, EU Report Says
Lot Polish Airlines - One of the Oldest Airlines in the World
www.polishworld.com /polemb/news/0399   (103 words)

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