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Topic: Second Triumvirate

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Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir)

32 BC

59 BC

Roman Civil War of 82 BC

13 BC

42 BC

Mark Antony

90s BC

Caesar Augustus

41 BC

First Triumvirate

43 BC

Julius Caeser

Marc Antony

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	The Second Triumvirate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One of the main features of the triumvirate, which would have kept the peace between Antony and Octavian, and therefore keeping the triumvirate alive for longer, was the series of marriage ties.
		This shows that the triumvirate was constantly being held together but other "mediators" which helped the two sort out their differences, even if it was only in the short term.
		The triumvirate lasted for as long as it did, primarily because of other people’s influences on Antony and Octavian who were not the best of friends from the start.
	www.herodotuswebsite.co.uk /roman/essays/2ndTriumvirate.HTM (1775 words)

	Second Triumvirate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian", later "Caesar Augustus"), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony formed on 26 November 43 BC.
		A historical oddity of the Triumvirate is that it was an effectual three-man dictatorate which included Antony, who in 44 BC had passed a lex Antonia which had abolished the dictatorate and expunged it from the Republic's constitutions.
		Octavian himself resigned shortly after, allowing the appointment of a second pair of suffect consuls (the original consuls for the year, Caesar's legate Aulus Hirtius and Gaius Vibius Pansa Caetronianus, had died fighting on the Senate's side of the first civil war to follow Caesar's death, that between the Senate and Mark Antony himself).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Triumvirate (910 words)

	Triumvirate - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The First Triumvirate was the alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus formed in 60 BC This was not strictly a triumvirate, since the alliance had no official sanction.
		The Second Triumvirate was legally established as the tresviri rei publicae constituendae [triumvirate for reestablishing the public welfare] in 43 BC for five years; it was renewed in 37 BC The members were Octavian (Augustus), Marc Antony, and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (d.
		Lepidus was deposed in 36 BC, and Antony was defeated at Actium in 31 BC, leaving Octavian at the head of the Roman Empire.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-triumvir.html (357 words)

	Mark Antony - MSN Encarta
		In 42 bc, at Philippi, the triumvirate crushed the forces led by two assassins of Caesar, the Roman statesmen Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus, who sought to restore the Roman Republic.
		Later in the same year, Antony summoned the Egyptian queen Cleopatra to attend him in the city of Tarsus, in Cilicia (now in Turkey), and explain her refusal to aid the triumvirate in the civil war.
		In 40 bc he attended meetings of the triumvirate in Italy, at which a new division of the Roman world was arranged, with Antony receiving the eastern portion, from the Adriatic Sea to the Euphrates River; in the same year he attempted to cement his relations with Octavius by marrying the latter's sister Octavia.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575676/Mark_Antony.html (535 words)

	Second Triumvirate (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Second Triumvirate is the name historians give to the official political alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian", later "Caesar Augustus"), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony.
		Unlike the somewhat more famous "First Triumvirate", the Second Triumvirate was an official (if extraconstitutional) organisation, whose overwhelming power in the Roman state was given full legal sanction whose imperium maius outranked that of all other magistrates, including the consuls.
		This became a broad pattern of the Triumvirate's two terms; during the ten years of the Triumvirate (43 BC &8211; 33 BC), there were 42 consuls in office, rather than the expected 20.
	second-triumvirate.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (859 words)

	Mark Antony Biography
		The second triumvirate ended in 33 BC and Antonius committed suicide later with Cleopatra.
		The triumvirate is renewed for a period of another five years (ending in 33 BC) and Octavianus promised again to send legions to the East.
		Leaving Octavia pregnant of her second Antonia in Rome, he sails to Alexandria, where he expects funding from Cleopatra, the mother of his twins.
	www.myclassiclyrics.com /artist_biographies/Mark_Antony_Biography.htm (2399 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Second Triumvirate
		Triumvirate TRIUMVIRATE [Triumvirate], in ancient Rome, ruling board or commission of three men.
		The First Triumvirate was the alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus formed in 60 BC This was not strictly a triumvirate, since the
		The First Duke of Guise The family was founded as a cadet branch of the ruling house of Lorraine by Claude de Lorraine, 1st duc de Guise, 1496-1550, who received the French fiefs of his father, René II, duke of Lorraine and Bar.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Second+Triumvirate (640 words)

	First Triumvirate (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The First Triumvirate is the name historians give to the unofficial political alliance of Gaius Iulius Caesar ("Julius Caesar"), Marcus Licinius Crassus, and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus ("Pompey the Great").
		Unlike the somewhat less famous "Second Triumvirate", the First Triumvirate had no official status whatever -- its overwhelming power in the Roman state was strictly unofficial influence --, and was in fact kept secret for some time as part of the political machinations of the Triumviri themselves.
		The Triumvirate was kept secret until the Senate obstructed Caesar's proposed agrarian law establishing colonies of Roman citizens and distributing portions of the public lands (ager publicus).
	www.fact-index.com.cob-web.org:8888 /f/fi/first_triumvirate.html (612 words)

	Second Triumvirate
		By the time the Second Triumvirate was cemented, Pompey had already taken control of the islands, and was lurking dangerously off the Italian shore.
		This Second Triumvirate was different than the First arranged by Caesar, Pompey and Crassus some 16 years earlier.
		Being sure not to make the mistake Caesar had made in pardoning his most dangerous threats, the proscriptions of the second triumvirate were as brutal and all encompassing as those of Sulla.
	www.unrv.com /fall-republic/second-triumvirate.php (875 words)

	Triumvirate - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Triumvirate, board or commission in ancient Rome, composed of three men known as triumviri.
		The term triumvirate is used for the political alliance...
		Octavian, determined to avenge his adoptive father and secure his position, vied with Mark Antony,...
	au.encarta.msn.com /Triumvirate.html (134 words)

	Mark Antony - Military History Wiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Triumvirs for the Organization of the People gained official recognition by the Lex Titia, a law passed by the Assembly in 43 BC, which granted them virtually all powers for a period of five years.
		The triumvirs then set to pursue the assassins' faction, who had fled to the East, and to murder the conspirators' supporters who remained in Rome.
		The triumvirate was renewed for a period of another five years (ending in 33 BC) and Octavian promised again to send legions to the East.
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Mark_Antony (2533 words)

	Antony, Cleopatra, Augustus Overview
		Tensions between the two soon reached the boiling point, only to be checked by senior officers in command of Caesar's troops, who were united by their common loyalty to the dead Caesar and were unwilling to fight against one another in the name of Caesar's bickering heirs.
		In 33, when the Triumvirate officially expired, Octavian held the consulship: he was then able to present Antony as a private Roman citizen acting without the authority of the state and to contrast his own position as loyal servant of the Republic.
		Tacitus was writing in the early years of the second century A.D., in an age that had seen the excesses of later emperors such as Caligula, Nero, and Domitian.
	www.historyinfilm.com /claudius/overview.htm (5312 words)

	Triumvir
		The expression is mostly used to describe the First triumvirate (60 BCE; Pompey the Great, Crassus, and Julius Caesar) and Second Triumvirate (43 BCE; Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian).
		The best known triumvirates, however, were less official: the First and Second Triumvirates were private agreements between Roman politicians, directed against the Senate and the People.
		He became the third member of the Second Triumvirate, which was recognized in November 43 by the People's Assembly (Lex Titia).
	www.livius.org /to-ts/triumvir/triumvir.html (739 words)

	Triumvirate. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The First Triumvirate was the alliance of Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus formed in 60
		B.C. This was not strictly a triumvirate, since the alliance had no official sanction.
		The Second Triumvirate was legally established as the tresviri rei publicae constituendae [triumvirate for reestablishing the public welfare] in 43
	www.bartleby.com /65/tr/Triumvir.html (193 words)

	Exhibits- Marcus Antonius
		Marc Antony was an integral part of Roman political life from his early years as tribune, his position as co-consul with Julius Caesar in 42 BCE, and finally his membership in the "second triumvirate" after Caesar's death with Gaius Octavius Caesar (originally Gaius Octavius Thurinus, then Octavian, and later Augustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus.
		Soon after Caesar was murdered Antony, Lepidus, and Gaius Octavius formed the second triumvirate to fill the void.
		However there were numerous conflicts among the members of the triumvirate with all of them attempting to legitimate their claims to the Caesarian legacy.
	oldmoney.vassar.edu /exhibits/antony/1.shtml (911 words)

	Legio II Augusta
		If this is correct, it first fought against Marc Antony on the eastern plains of the Po, and later, when Marc Antony, Octavian and Lepidus had allied themselves in the Second Triumvirate, against the murderers of Julius Caesar, Cassius and Brutus, in the battle of Philippi (42).
		In these years, the Second legion and I Germanica were involved in the building of the colonia Acci in Spain.
		In the fourth century, the Second legion Augusta was part of the coastal defense of Kent (at Richborough).
	www.livius.org /le-lh/legio/ii_augusta.html (958 words)

	Infoplease Search: second
		(Encyclopedia) The Second Triumvirate When Octavius was a youth, Caesar took a great interest in his education and...
		(Encyclopedia) The Second Law of Thermodynamics A cyclic process is one that returns the system, but not the...
		(Encyclopedia) Second House of Anjou The second house of Anjou was a cadet branch of the Capetians and originated...
	www.infoplease.com /search?fr=ipce6&in=encyclopedia&x=0&y=0&query=second (235 words)

	R-MC Academics: Classics
		The Second Triumvirate consisted of Marc Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus.
		The Triumvirate had intended on killing Brutus and Cassius as well, but they committed suicide before the Triumvirate could get to them.
		The three ended up in a war against one another and in 32 B.C. the Second Triumvirate was officially ended by Octavian.
	www.rmc.edu /directory/academics/classics/cleoclass/trium2.asp (374 words)

	First Triumvirate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Unlike the somewhat less famous so called "Second Triumvirate", the First Triumvirate had no official status whatsoever – its overwhelming power in the Roman state was strictly unofficial influence – and was in fact kept secret for some time as part of the political machinations of the Triumviri themselves.
		The three triumvirs would be able to dominate Roman politics because of their collective influence; the first step was Caesar's election to the consulship for 59 BC.
		In 56 BC, the three triumvirs met at Lucca, just inside Caesar's province of Cisalpine Gaul (as a man in control of an army, he was not allowed to cross into Italy).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Triumvirate (2352 words)

	rometimeline
		To make this period of history accessible to the average role-playing campaign, I have chosen a specific period of history, namely that period which includes Caesar’s campaigns against the Goths to his assassination and the rise of the second Triumvirate.
		What worked for it so well was also an element of it’s downfall; the later rise of Christian faith was an anathema to the Romans, for the Christians would not bow before the emperor or any other deity, and such acknowledgment was blasphemous and incomprehensible.
		During the Rise of the Triumvirate and the fall of the Republic, the plurality of faiths, as well as the Roman State Religion, are strong.
	www.angelfire.com /rpg2/ancientworlds/rometimeline.html (2587 words)

	Roman Civil Wars - Military History Wiki
		Second Servile War (104 BC - 103 BC), between Rome and a slave insurrection on Sicily - Roman victory
		The Liberators' civil war (44/42 BC), between the Second Triumvirate and the Liberators (Brutus and Cassius, Caesar's assassins) - Triumvirate victory
		Sicilian revolt (44/36 BC), between the Second Triumvirate (particulary Octavian and Agrippa) and Sextus Pompeius, the son of Pompey - Triumvirate victory
	www.militaryhistorywiki.org /index.php?title=Roman_Civil_Wars (424 words)

	Roman
		Antony was born in Rome and served as a cavalry leader in Palestine, Egypt, and Gaul.
		Tiberius (42 BC-AD 37), second emperor of Rome.
		Domitian was the second son of Emperor Vespasian and the brother of Emperor Titus, whom he succeeded.
	mysite.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/romanpic.htm (4063 words)

	augustus
		The second Triumvirate was thus formed and it was decided that Augustus should rule in the West, Mark Anthony the East and Lepidus in Africa.
		Egypt became a Roman province and the world as it was then known was completely in the hands of Augustus.
		In total, including the period of the triumvirate, the Augustan age lasted some 41 years, from 27BC to 14 AC.
	www.mariamilani.com /ancient_rome/augustus.htm (1959 words)

	Triumvirate - The First Triumvirate and the Second Triumvirate (via CobWeb/3.1 planet03.csc.ncsu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Definition: Triumvirate means three men and refers to a group of three men who hold political power, regardless of whether or not the trio has been elected.
		Julius Caesar, Pompey (Pompeius Magnus) and Marcus Licinius Crassus formed an alliance that wielded the real power in Rome from 60-54 B.C. The second triumvirate consisted of Octavian (Augustus), Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, and Mark Antony.
		The second triumvirate was an official body created in 43 B.C., known as Triumviri Rei Publicae Constituendae Consulari Potestate.
	www.ancienthistory.about.com.cob-web.org:8888 /od/caesarpeople/g/Triumvirate.htm (260 words)

	The Roman Revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		There followed an interlude of peace, at least among the triumvirs.
		The Triumvirate was renewed in 38 for five more years, though Lepidus got little by the arrangement.
		Octavian was inclined to avoid conflict among the triumvirs in part because he was not ready to test his strength, but also in part because he was preoccupied with rebellions elsewhere.
	history.boisestate.edu /westciv/romanrev/35.shtml (224 words)

	World History 50- 0 BC
		- The Second Triumvirate was established in 43 B.C. in Rome.
		It was composed of Mark Antony, Octavian and M Aeumillius Lepidus.
		This triumvirate was officially recognized by the Senate.
	www.multied.com /dates/50bc.html (831 words)

	Second Triumvirate (Argentina) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Second Triumvirate (Spanish Segundo Triunvirato) was the governing body of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (present Argentina) that followed the First Triumvirate in 1812, short after the May Revolution, and lasted 2 years.
		The result of the voting for the Second Triumvirate's members was:
		As it was decided to dissolve the Triumvirate in favor of a one-man Directorship, it ceased to function on January 22, 1814 when Gervasio Antonio de Posadas assumed as Supreme Director.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Triumvirate_(Argentina) (211 words)

	Gop3.com: The Triumvirate » 2005 » May
		Second, I’d challenge the word “embarrassment.” I’m sure if you went to Mr.
		The second category the EU throws on the supposed “aid” bandwagon is “federal contracts for military and space research”.
		Here is a run down of what The Triumvirate will be up to and blogging about for the next three months.
	www.gop3.com /?m=200505 (2443 words)

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