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	Passive smoking - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Passive smoking (also known as involuntary smoking, secondhand smoking, or Environmental Tobacco Smoke) occurs when the smoke from one person's burning tobacco product (or the smoker's exhalation) is inhaled by others.
		Passive smoking is one of the key issues leading to smoking bans in workplaces, smoke-free restaurants, and public places.
		Secondhand smoke is commonly believed to kill 53,000 nonsmokers per year by tobacco prevention groups.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secondhand_smoke (3155 words)

	Secondhand Smoke Facts
		ETS is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning ends of a cigarette, pipe, cigar, bidis and kreteks and the smoke emitted between puffs and exhaled from the lungs of smokers.
		Secondhand smoke is a Group A carcinogen - a substance known to cause cancer in humans for which there is no safe level of exposure.
		Secondhand smoke exposure is the second leading cause of preventable death in Michigan.
	www.michigan.gov /surgeongeneral/0,1607,7-216-33084_33091_33296-103182--,00.html (153 words)

	Secondhand Smoke and Children's Health - University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension in Lancaster County (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Infants and young children whose parents smoke are among the most seriously affected by exposure to secondhand smoke, being at increased risk for a number of health problems, including lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
		EPA estimates that secondhand smoke is responsible for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under 18 months of age annually, resulting in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year.
		Secondhand tobacco smoke is the smoke inhaled by nonsmokers -- smoke in the air from someone smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes in the indoor environment.
	lancaster.unl.edu /home/IndoorAir/SecondhandSmoke.htm (1149 words)

	"What You Can Do About Secondhand Smoke" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe, or cigar, and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers.
		Infants and young children whose parents smoke are among the most seriously affected by exposure to secondhand smoke, being at increased risk of lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
		Secondhand smoke may affect the cardiovascular system, and some studies have linked exposure to secondhand smoke with the onset of chest pain.
	www.epa.gov /smokefree/pubs/etsbro.html (1506 words)

	Secondhand Smoke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke is a combination of the smoke in the air from a burning cigarette and the smoke exhaled by a person smoking.
		Secondhand smoke increases severity and frequency of asthmatic episodes in children who already have the disease, and causes more than 8,000 new cases a year, leading to 13 million contacts with doctors, 200,000 hospitalizations and more than 100 deaths annually.
		Pregnant women who smoke or who are exposed to secondhand smoke risk serious consequences for their unborn child such as miscarriage, low birth weight, frequent illness in the first year of life, childhood leukemia and/or cancer of the brain or lungs later in life.
	www.lovelandsmokefree.org /secondhand.htm (530 words)

	ACS :: Secondhand Smoke
		Secondhand smoke is classified as a “known human carcinogen” (cancer-causing agent) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the US National Toxicology Program, and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a branch of the World Health Organization.
		The evidence regarding secondhand smoke and breast cancer risk in human studies is controversial, at least in part because the risk has not been shown to be increased in active smokers.
		Your workplace: Secondhand smoke meets the criteria to be classified as a potential cancer-causing agent by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the federal agency responsible for health and safety regulations in the workplace.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/PED/content/PED_10_2X_Secondhand_Smoke-Clean_Indoor_Air.asp (1267 words)

	Tobacco and Facts, Smoking and Cancer, Secondhand Smoke
		The report states that secondhand smoke is particularly dangerous in children increasing the number and severity of asthma attacks and middle ear infections.
		In 2005 it is estimated that secondhand smoke kills 3000 non-smoking adults from lung cancer, 46,000 from coronary disease and 430 newborns from sudden infant death syndrome.
		has shown that children exposed to secondhand smoke in their homes had a 70% chance of a successful surgery as children who lived in a smoke-free environment had a 90% chance of a successful surgery.
	www.tobacco-facts.info /second_hand_smoke.htm (664 words)

	Secondhand Smoke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, is a mixture of sidestream smoke from the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar and smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers.
		Researchers are gathering evidence of the effect of secondhand smoke on the heart and blood vessels.
		Exposure to secondhand smoke was associated with reduced blood flow through the arteries feeding the heart.
	sutterheartinstitute.org /prevention/second.html (402 words)

	Secondhand Smoke (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke, or environmental tobacco smoke, is a combination of the smoke in the air from a burning cigarette and the smoke exhaled by a person who is smoking.
		Secondhand smoke is the number one source of indoor air pollution and contains nearly 4,000 chemical compounds including arsenic, formaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide as well as radioactive elements.
		Costs attributable to secondhand smoke are estimated to be $180 million for direct medical expenditures and $19 million for loss of life.
	www.cdphe.state.co.us /pp/tobacco/secondhandsmoke.htm (155 words)

	Division of Periodontology: Tobacco Use Cessation Program
		Secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of disability and early death (after active smoking and alcohol) in the United States.
		Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer and contributes to the development of heart disease.
		When a pregnant woman is exposed to secondhand smoke, the nicotine she ingests is passed on to her unborn baby.
	www1.umn.edu /perio/tobacco/secondhandsmoke.html (484 words)

	Smoke-free Homes Program \| Indoor Air \| Air \| US EPA
		The report finds a causal relationship between secondhand smoke exposure and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and declares that the home is becoming the predominant location for exposure of children and adults to secondhand smoke.
		Breathing secondhand smoke can be harmful to children's health including asthma, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), bronchitis and pneumonia and ear infections.
		The developing lungs of young children are severely affected by exposure to secondhand smoke for several reasons including that children are still developing physically, have higher breathing rates than adults, and have little control over their indoor environments.
	www.epa.gov /smokefree/index.html (537 words)

	Secondhand Smoke Fact Sheet - American Lung Association site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke, also know as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a mixture of the smoke given off by the burning end of a cigarette, pipe or cigar and the smoke exhaled from the lungs of smokers.
		Nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke at work are at increased risk for adverse health effects. Levels of ETS in restaurants and bars were found to be 2 to 5 times higher than in residences with smokers and 2 to 6 times higher than in office workplaces.
		Secondhand smoke is responsible for between 150,000 and 300,000 lower respiratory tract infections in infants and children under 18 months of age, resulting in between 7,500 and 15,000 hospitalizations each year, and causes 1,900 to 2,700 sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) deaths in the United States annually.
	www.lungusa.org /site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35422 (1017 words)

	Philip Morris USA - Smoking & Health Issues - Secondhand Smoke
		Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke or ETS, is a combination of the smoke coming from the lit end of a cigarette plus the smoke exhaled by a person smoking.
		Public health officials have concluded that secondhand smoke from cigarettes causes disease, including lung cancer and heart disease, in non-smoking adults, as well as causes conditions in children such as asthma, respiratory infections, cough, wheeze, otitis media (middle ear infection) and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
		We also believe that where smoking is permitted, the government should require the posting of warning notices that communicate public health officials' conclusions that secondhand smoke causes disease in non-smokers.
	www.philipmorrisusa.com /health_issues/secondhand_smoke.asp (501 words)

	Secondhand Smoke - National Cancer Institute
		Secondhand smoke is responsible for an estimated 38,000 deaths among non-smokers each year, which includes 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 35,000 deaths due to heart disease, and is responsible for lower respiratory tract infections in an estimated 300,000 children each year.
		Sidestream smoke is emitted between puffs of a burning cigarette, pipe or cigar, and mainstream smoke is exhaled by the smoker.
		Secondhand smoke exposure contributes to many respiratory conditions among children, including increased respiratory tract infections, decreased lung function, asthma and middle ear infections.
	www.cancer.gov /newscenter/tip-sheet-secondhand-smoke (740 words)

	Secondhand smoke: Avoid dangers in the air you breathe - MayoClinic.com
		Secondhand smoke is also known as environmental tobacco smoke, passive smoking, involuntary smoking and a newer, more descriptive term, tobacco smoke pollution.
		Secondhand smoke is also tied to lower respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia, especially in those younger than 6.
		Secondhand smoke is both an individual health issue and a public health issue, with social and governmental influences.
	www.mayoclinic.com /health/secondhand-smoke/CC00023 (1524 words)

	Secondhand Smoke Hazards
		Over 35,000 U.S. deaths per year from heart disease are due to secondhand smoke, according to the Centers for Disease Control or CDC (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2002; 51(14): 300–303).
		Now the agency is warning patients with heart conditions to avoid secondhand smoke in buildings because it may increase their risk of heart attack.
		Secondhand smoke is a mixture of the smoke exhaled by smokers (mainstream smoke) as well as the fumes given off by cigarettes, cigars, and pipes (sidestream smoke).
	www.braytonlaw.com /news/mednews/050704_passive_smoke.htm (569 words)

	Secondhand Smoke: The Science - no-smoke.org
		The California Air Resources Board has determined that secondhand smoke is a toxic air contaminant -- an air pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in deaths or in serious illness, or which may pose a present or potential hazard to human health.
		Secondhand smoke is as damaging to a fetus as if the mother were inhaling the smoke directly from a cigarette.
		Secondhand smoke exposure during childhood has been associated with an increased risk of spinal pain, such as neck pain and back pain in adult life.
	www.no-smoke.org /document.php?id=215 (1471 words)

	TMR - Smoking Myths (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Myth: Children aren't affected by secondhand smoke; it's OK to smoke in the presence of your kids so long as you don't blow the smoke in their face and open a window.
		Although secondhand smoke is dangerous to everyone who comes in contact with it, fetuses, infants, and children are at greatest risk.
		Exposure to secondhand smoke is responsible for an estimated 3,000 deaths from lung cancer among nonsmokers in the U.S. each year, and linked to 36,000 deaths from heart disease annually.
	medicalreporter.health.org /tmr0895/smokemyth0895.html (357 words)

	Secondhand Smoke \| Fact sheet \| TIPS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke, is a complex mixture of gases and particles that includes smoke from the burning cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip (sidestream smoke) and exhaled mainstream smoke.
		Secondhand smoke exposure is responsible for an estimated 150,000—300,000 new cases of bronchitis and pneumonia in children aged less than 18 months, resulting in 7,500—15,000 hospitalizations.
		Trends in the exposure of nonsmokers in the U.S. population to secondhand smoke: 1988—2002.
	www.cdc.gov /tobacco/factsheets/secondhand_smoke_factsheet.htm (627 words)

	Secondhand Smoke: Questions and Answers - National Cancer Institute
		Secondhand smoke, also called environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is the combination of smoke emitted from the burning end of a cigarette, cigar, or pipe, and smoke exhaled by the smoker (see Question 1).
		Because it is a complex mixture of chemicals, measuring secondhand smoke exposure is difficult and is usually determined by testing blood, saliva, or urine for the presence of nicotine, particles inhaled from indoor air, or cotinine (the primary product resulting from the breakdown of nicotine in the body) (1, 3).
		Secondhand smoke exposure is a known risk factor for lung cancer (1, 3, 4, 6, 7).
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/factsheet/Tobacco/ETS (1691 words)

	Secondhand Smoke - no-smoke.org
		Throughout the years, the science of secondhand smoke has driven the secondhand smoke policy engine from separate smoking and nonsmoking sections to separately ventilated smoking rooms to 100% smokefree environments.
		And children are at significant risk to many acute and chronic diseases as a result of secondhand smoke exposure.
		As the body of scientific evidence becomes larger and more precise, it is now possible to prove that smokefree policies not only work to protect nonsmokers from the death and disease caused by exposure to secondhand smoke, but also have an immediate effect on the public's health.
	www.no-smoke.org /getthefacts.php?id=13 (401 words)

	Children and Secondhand Smoke
		Secondhand smoke is a combination of the smoke from a burning cigarette and the smoke exhaled by the smoker.
		Maternal smoking also is associated with neonatal death from Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, the major cause of death in infants between one month and one year of age.
		If it is not possible to stop their smoking, ask them, and visitors, to smoke outside of your home.
	www.entnet.org /healthinfo/tobacco/secondhand_smoke.cfm (687 words)

	Secondhand Smoke: What It Is, How to Avoid It, Who's at Risk - National Jewish Medical and Research Center
		Secondhand smoke is a combination of two types of smoke, sidestream and mainstream smoke.
		In a report released in 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) declared, "the widespread exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the United States represents a serious and substantial public health impact." The EPA concludes that in adults, secondhand smoke is a Class A carcinogen.
		Smoking in any room in the home, in the car and/or smoke odor on clothing, skin and hair can be enough to cause asthma symptoms.
	www.nationaljewish.org /medfacts/passive.html (1311 words)

	ACS :: The Facts about Secondhand Smoke
		Secondhand smoke is the third leading preventable cause of death in the U.S. killing 38,000 to 65,000 nonsmokers every year..
		Secondhand smoke causes lung cancer, other types of cancer, and heart disease in nonsmokers.
		The carcinogens in cigarette smoke include benzo[a]pyrene and NNK, which cause lung cancer; nitrosamines, which cause cancer of the lung, respiratory system, and other organs; aromatic amines, which cause bladder and breast cancer; formaldehyde, which causes nasal cancer; and benzene, which causes leukemia.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/COM/content/div_TX/COM_11_2x_The_Facts_about_Secondhand_Smoke.asp?sitearea=COM (536 words)

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