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Topic: Secondary boycott

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	Arab League boycott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arab League Boycott was the systematic effort by Arab states to economically isolate Israel by boycotting products and services which originate in Israel (the primary boycott), businesses that operate in Israel (the secondary boycott), and businesses which have relationships with businesses which operate in Israel (the tertiary boycott).
		The withdrawing of Bahrain from the boycott was for ease the approval of free trade agreements between Bahrein to the United States.
		The decision to leave the boycott accepted in a hard criticism in the public in Bahrain, and in October 11 the Bahraini parliament voted in a non-binding voting for returning of Bahrain to participation in the boycott.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arab_League_boycott (856 words)

	Secondary boycott - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A secondary boycott is an attempt by labor to convince others to stop doing business with a particular firm because that firm does business with another firm that is the subject of a strike and/or a primary boycott.
		In the United States, secondary boycotts are frequently prohibited by the Taft-Hartley Act, which ammends the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, also known as the Wagner Act.
		Secondary boycotting is frequently confused with secondary striking, which is also prohibited by the Taft-Hartley Act.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secondary_boycott (233 words)

	Testimony of James Wimberly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In general, a secondary boycott occurs when a union employs economic coercion in an attempt to involve a neutral in the dispute between the union and the primary employer.
		As stated by Senator Taft, "The ban on secondary boycotts is merely intended to prevent a union from injuring a third person who is [not] involved in any way in the dispute or strike, and therefore should not suffer economic damage simply because of the action of a labor union." 95 Cong.
		In industry in general, it is not considered a secondary boycott for a union that represents a bargaining unit of employees to enter into a contract with that employer not to sub-contract work normally performed by employees in that bargaining unit.
	edworkforce.house.gov /hearings/105th/oi/awp8698/wimberly.htm (3665 words)

	Boycott (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The boycott was popularized by Charles Stewart Parnell during the Irish land agitation of 1880 to protest high rents and land evictions.
		U.S. law distinguishes between primary and secondary labour boycotts: a primary boycott is the refusal of employees to purchase the goods or services of their employers, and a secondary boycott involves an attempt to induce third parties to refuse to patronize the employer.
		Boycotts have also been employed by a nation or a group of nations, or by an international organization to influence or protest the policies or actions of another country.
	www.freeserbia.net /Boycott.html (623 words)

	Boycott City - A Briefish History Of The Boycott
		The practice was named (1880) after Capt. Charles Cunningham Boycott, an English land agent in Ireland whose ruthlessness in evicting tenants led his employees to refuse all cooperation with him and his family.
		A typical example of a primary boycott is the refusal of aggrieved employees and their supporters to purchase the goods or services of an employer.
		A secondary boycott occurs when the aggrieved party attempts either to boycott a third party or to coerce it into joining an ongoing boycott.
	boycottcity.org /essay/index.php?essay=6 (288 words)

	Merv Keehn: Enforcement Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It was still an accurate reflection of the TPC's attitude to secondary boycotts in 1992, when quoted in a standard trade practices textbook,[3] and I think it is a reasonable reflection of the ACCC's approach in 2003.
		The TPA was an appropriate vehicle in which to put the secondary boycott prohibitions, because its constitutional validity had been tested and confirmed and the Act was being amended at that time.
		While I have explained why the ACCC's priorities in enforcing the secondary boycott provisions in the TPA are low, that lack of action continues to cause a problem in some industries, and is perceived as a problem in the building and construction industry.
	www.ipa.org.au /files/keehn.html (2728 words)

	boycott on Encyclopedia.com
		BOYCOTT [boycott] concerted economic or social ostracism of an individual, group, or nation to express disapproval or coerce change.
		Vins franÃ§ais Les appels au boycott des produits franÃ§ais aux Etats-Unis, les vins en particulier, en raison du diffÃ©rend.
		Un nÃ©gociant en vin bordelais prÃ©sente une bouteille de chÃ¢teau Margaux Un boycott des vins franÃ§ais et de Bordeaux en par.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/b1/boycott.asp (1085 words)

	NOW. Society & Community. The Battle Fields. Boycotts in History \| PBS
		A primary boycott is when a financial statement is made by consumers or employees in refusing to purchase goods or services from a company or employer.
		For example, a secondary boycott exists when workers refuse to patronize firms that continue to deal with the initially boycotted party or if workers strike an employer in order to force him to join the boycott of another firm.
		Her arrest led to a massive boycott by fl citizens of the Montgomery public bus system organized by a then relatively-unknown Martin Luther King, Jr.
	www.pbs.org /now/society/boycott.html (617 words)

	[336 NLRB No. 35] Commercial Workers Local 1996, 10-CC-1335
		As a general matter, Congress viewed secondary boycotts for recognition as unjustified because the Act provides unions with peaceful means to compel an employer to recognize and bargain with them —a Board-conducted election.
		In holding today that unions may lawfully engage in secondary activity where an object of that activity is to induce the primary employer to recognize and bargain with that union as the certified exclusive collective-bargaining representative of its employees, we have done no more than carry out this obligation.
		In light of the undisputedly secondary nature of the Respondent’s picketing, the cases cited by the majority concerning the difficulty, in other contexts, of distinguishing primary from secondary activity are beside the point.
	www.nlrb.gov /nlrb/shared_files/decisions/336/336-35.htm (9531 words)

	The Arab Boycott
		The objective of the boycott has been to isolate Israel from its neighbors and the international community, as well as to deny it trade that might be used to augment its military and economic strength.
		The primary boycott — prohibiting direct relations between Arab countries and Israel — has slowly cracked as nations like Qatar, Oman and Morocco have begun to negotiate deals with Israel.
		He said it was “a direct and practical response to the policy of the criminal escalation adopted by Israel.” Mauritania, Egypt and Jordan, which have diplomatic ties with Israel, stayed away from the meeting.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/Arab_boycott.html (1040 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The term is named for Captain Charles C. Boycott, a notorious land agent whose neighbors ostracized him during Ireland's Land League rent wars in the 1880's.
		Boycotts are not illegal in themselves, unless there are threats of violence involved.
		A "secondary" boycott, which boycotts those who do business with the primary target of the boycotters, is an unfair labor practice under federal and state laws.
	dictionary.law.com /definition2.asp?selected=91&bold=\|\|\|\| (124 words)

	Community Tool Box - Tools
		Boycotts on tuna that wasn't "dolphin safe" in the 1980s led all major sellers of canned tuna to change their tune.
		This use of a boycott as an end in itself is especially common in a case of David vs. Goliath--that is, when the group organizing the boycott feels they may be able to make a small difference, but they probably won't be able to change the policies of a much more powerful corporation.
		Boycotts might ask the company to develop more environmentally-friendly containers for their products; to force them to treat employees better; or to do a variety of other things.
	ctb.ku.edu /tools/EN/sub_section_main_1264.htm (4265 words)

	Peters v. Saunders (Part 3)
		A boycott by a single trader constitutes the necessary combination in restraint of trade if it is carried out through coercion, threats or intimidation upon the target's suppliers.
		The court held this form of boycott was subject to the rule of reason because it was "not directly aimed at coercing third parties and eliminating competitors." (16 Cal.3d at p.
		If the only reason for condemning secondary boycotts was their tendency to lead to monopolies, then we would agree evidence of the defendants' economic power in relation to the danger of monopolization would be relevant.
	www.casp.net /peters-3.html (2657 words)

	Text: USTR National Trade Estimate Report on The Arab League
		The Arab League boycott of the state of Israel is an impediment to U.S. trade and investment in the Middle East and North Africa.
		Boycott offices of Arab League states are supposed to meet in Damascus twice a year to consider adding foreign firms to (or removing foreign firms from) the fllist.
		Boycott compliance requests most often reflect obsolete references in procurement or import documents, or a reluctance to make overt changes in document templates, rather than official policy.
	www.usembassy-israel.org.il /publish/peace/archives/2000/april/me0403d.html (1049 words)

	[No title]
		The explanation accompanying this resolution stated that "secondary boycotts would be forbidden with only the() reservation() * * * (that) (w)orkers would not be denied the traditional right to ask the public not to patronize one who sells nonunion goods or goods of a manufacturer engaged in a labor dispute" (105 Cong.
		But these less common forms of secondary boycott were also subject to the conference committee's compromise and nothing in the "summary analysis" indicates that these less common forms of secondary boycott were not intended to be covered.
		The union's First Amendment interest in being free to urge a total public boycott of a secondary employer, in order to facilitate a favorable resolution of a primary labor dispute, is essentially the same in both cases.
	www.usdoj.gov /osg/briefs/1987/sg870424.txt (9880 words)

	LawKT.com: Law Firm Publications on Secondary Boycott
		Gibbons: NLRB Permits Secondary Boycott of Neutral Employer to G...
		It was the eventual 'carve-out' of the secondary boycott prohibitions from the new power of the ACCC to bring representative proceedings for contraventions of Part IV that was the subject of the Senate amendments, and
		To the extent that third parties are adversely impacted by the implementation of a neutrality agreement, do the secondary boycott provisions of the NLRA and antitrust laws come into play.
	www.lawkt.com /pubs/Secondary_Boycott.html (892 words)

	SurfWax: News, Reviews and Articles On Secondary Boycott
		This is the secondary boycott prohibition added by Taft-Hartley, for which there is a separate enforcement section (203) declaring this particular unfair labor practice by unions unlawful and enabling any person injured thereby in his business or property to sue in court for damages and legal costs.
		Why is it that the injury suffered by a worker discharged from her job for union activity does not call for equally robust redress, or the priority and immediate injunctive relief that the NLRB is...
		Petitioners offer no reason why a secondary boycott, in which Union members boycott a company because of the company's affiliation with their employer, might be more disruptive to business than a primary boycott.
	www.lawkt.com /files/Secondary_Boycott.html (510 words)

	Parliament of Australia: Senate: Committee: Report on the Consideration of the Workplace Relations and Other ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		An exemption from the prohibition on industrial secondary boycotts where the boycott action was taken in support of claims that directly affect the persons taking the action or where sympathy action is taking place in a corporation which is legally related to the corporation in which a strike is occurring; and
		The removal of boycott activity as a criminal offence (section 163F) and the removal of significant pecuniary penalties.
		It was suggested that the reintroduction of a prohibition against primary boycotts, as well as secondary boycotts, may undermine the efficacy of the protected actions provisions as industrial action which came within these prohibitions would not be protected.
	www.aph.gov.au /senate/committee/economics_ctte/completed_inquiries/1996-99/workplace/report/c10.htm (3458 words)

	OSCN Found Document:LOCKETT v. CONSTRUCTION TRADES UNION A.F. OF L.
		Peaceful picketing for a lawful purpose is protected by the free speech provisions of the Constitution of Oklahoma, and the Constitution of the United States, and peaceful picketing for a lawful purpose, cannot be enjoined.
		(a) That the picketing is unlawful as defendants are engaged in a secondary boycott; and the picketing is carried on for the purpose of coercing plaintiff to breach his contract with third parties.
		¶18 Plaintiff asserts that the purpose and object of the picketing is unlawful in that defendants are engaged in a secondary boycott and, under such circumstances, picketing may be enjoined.
	www.oscn.net /applications/oscn/deliverdocument.asp?citeid=20888 (1319 words)

	Boycott, Part 1
		The term “boycott” was coined in 1880 by the Irish Home Rule leader Charles Stewart Parnell to describe the version of ostracism being used against a certain Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott by his Irish neighbors.
		Boycott seemed to provide a peaceful social means by which people could address actions they considered so immoral as to be intolerable.
		Other contributors to Liberty accepted “primary” boycott — that is, the personal refusal to deal with people or agencies — but rejected “secondary” boycott — that is, the use of strikes or fllists.
	www.zetetics.com /mac/articles/boycott1.html (1077 words)

	Industrial Relations Bill - 29/10/1991 - COMM 3R
		[5.28]: The secondary boycotts provisions in the proposed legislation are an attack on the green movement of New South Wales.
		These secondary boycott provisions are an attack on green bans: most activity in secondary boycotts takes place as green bans.
		Boycott conduct is defined in clause 4(1) to mean conduct that constitutes or would constitute a contravention of sections 48D or 45E of the Trade Practices Act.
	www.parliament.nsw.gov.au /Prod/Parlment/HansArt.nsf/d891a0806177d17eca256d100026e9aa/ca256d11000bd3aa4a2564c70015bb91?OpenDocument (15733 words)

	The Academic Boycott Against Israel - Manfred Gerstenfeld
		An ongoing boycott is characterized by efforts that continue until the counterpart is brought to its knees.
		Its major lesson is: "take the boycotters on one by one and expose them as racists who discriminate against people because of their country of origin." This effort should be shared by as many organizations as possible.
		Furthermore, the academic boycott attempts and other discriminatory actions against Israel are likely to be indicators and precursors of a long-lasting general reassessment of issues such as free speech, academic freedom, uncontrolled campus extremism including incitement to violence, university autonomy, the politicization of science, and the discrepancy in norms between academia and society at large.
	www.jcpa.org /phas/phas-gersten-f03.htm (18875 words)

	Gibbons, Del Deo, Dolan, Griffinger & Vecchione (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The majority found that the Union's secondary conduct in picketing the United Way and in encouraging the public to stop supporting the United Way until it stopped funding the VNHS did not violate Section 8(b)(4)(ii)(B) of the Act.
		The Board's decision, however, permits a Union to engage in secondary conduct intended to force the primary employer to capitulate even while a challenge is pending.
		Employers seeking to challenge a certification of representative issued by the Board should take heed that they are not protected from secondary activity by the Union pending the challenge so long as the Union's conduct post-dates the certification of representative and is intended to force the employer to recognize and bargain with the Union.
	www.gibbonslaw.com /publications/articlesuser2.cfm?pubid=491 (729 words)

	workplace.gov.au - SCHEDULE 18 - BOYCOTTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example, boycott action may be intended to harm the target as a means of pressuring the target to adopt a policy of employing only union members.
		This reflects the Government's policy that where employees engage in boycott action with unions, the employees are not to be subject to penalty and damages proceedings under the TP Act or the Competition Code.
		It complements sections 45D and 45DA, ensuring that the prohibition on secondary boycott action is not weakened by collusion between firms and unions.
	www.workplace.gov.au /workplace/Category/Legislation/WRAct/SCHEDULE18-BOYCOTTS.htm (4657 words)

	[No title]
		The Rephrasing of the Secondary Boycott Provisions by the Landrum-Griffith Act in 1959.
		Rather was it intended, indeed the only function it could rationally serve is, to carve out of the general ban on secondary boycott activity in (A) a specific exception operating in favor of a union seeking to vindicate its right to employer recognition under a Section 9 certification.
		However, in VNHS the Board majority marshaled general Supreme Court precedent relating to secondary boycotts to shed light on the statutory intent as follows: “Our consideration of the issue presented in this case must, of course, be guided by the decisions of the Supreme Court addressing the scope and meaning of Section 8(b)(4).
	www.bna.com /bnabooks/ababna/nlra/2002/liebman.doc (4407 words)

	A blow to solidarity action
		This was the sweet victory the Democrats proclaimed when they achieved agreement not to extend harsh penalties for secondary boycotts to consumer and environmental boycotts.
		The provisions of the secondary boycott amendment do not even contain a cap on the amount of damages that a corporation could claim against individuals or trade unions involved in what are deemed to be secondary boycott actions.
		It is true that the previous secondary boycott legislation was not used extensively against trade unions or workers taking action, but it also did not sit idle.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1996/254/254p32.htm (994 words)

	Mudginberri revisited: a case study of a secondary boycott
		The recent deal between the Australian Democrats and the Howard government to include provisions banning secondary boycotts in the new Workplace Relations Act is a serious threat to unions.
		BERNIE BRIAN explains the example of the 1985 Mudginberri dispute, when the Australasian Meat Industry Employees Union (AMIEU) was charged under Section 45D (secondary boycott provisions) of the Trade Practices Act for picketing a small export abattoir in the Northern Territory.
		The four-month picket line was considered by the Federal Court to be a secondary boycott because none of the picketers worked at the abattoir.
	www.greenleft.org.au /back/1996/257/257p11.htm (1569 words)

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