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Topic: Secondary cell

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	Botany online: Cell Wall - Secondary Walls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The best-known deposited substance is perhaps lignin (discovered in 1839 by A. PAYEN as the fraction of cell walls insoluble in acids).
		It is the basic unit of xylem- and strengthening elements (wood) and consists of polymerized phenylpropane units.
		The disadvantage is that the bonds are irreversible, a stretching of the wall - and a growth of the cell - are impossible; strongly lignified cells die sooner or later.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e26/26c.htm (601 words)

	Plant Anatomy Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		subsidiary cells: cells adjacent to guard cells that are distinct in appearance from ordinary epidermal cells.
		fiber tracheid: a cell in the xylem that is intermediate between a tracheid and a libriform fiber.
		albuminous cells: a cell the phloem that is connected to a sieve cell by numerous plasmodesmata.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/bio/plant_anatomy/glossary.html (2612 words)

	Electrolyte for a secondary cell - Patent 5571635
		A conventional electrolyte for a secondary cell having a carbonaceous anode is comprised of an alkali metal salt dissolved in an organic electrolyte solvent.
		A secondary alkali metal ion cell according to claim 9, wherein the chloroethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate are present in the electrolyte in relative proportions by volume which fall on or within the area defined by the points BCDE of the chloroethylene carbonate/propylene carbonate/ethylene carbonate three-component composition diagram shown in FIG.
		A secondary alkali metal ion cell according to claim 8, wherein the source of alkali metal ions is provided, on assembly of a secondary cell, by a sheet of alkali metal in contact with the anode, in the carbonaceous material having alkali metal ions incorporated therein, or in the electrolyte.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5571635.html (8162 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Secondary cell walls are formed later by the protoplast and are therefore necessarily formed to the inside of the primary cell wall.
		Secondary cell walls are not stretchable because lignin permanently binds cellulose microfibrils together; therefore cell growth and division stop once the secondary cell wall is produced.
		For daughter cells to be equivalent to the original cell, all components have to double in number and be distributed equally between daughter cells.
	www.botany.uga.edu /~darley/btny1210/Sept4Fri.htm (1342 words)

	Cell wall - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When a cell wall is removed using cell wall degrading enzymes, what is left of the cell and its surrounding plasma membrane is called a protoplast.
		Cells interact though plasmodesma(ta), which are inter-connecting channels of cytoplasm that connect to the protoplasts of adjacent cells across the cell wall.
		Cell to cell communication is possible through pits in the secondary cell wall that allow plasmodesma to connect cells through the secondary cell walls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cell_wall (958 words)

	Molecular Expressions Cell Biology: Plant Cell Structure - Cell Wall
		Cell walls are significantly thicker than plasma membranes and were visible even to early microscopists, including Robert Hooke, who originally identified the structures in a sample of cork, and then coined the term cells in the 1660s.
		The primary cell wall is thinner and more pliant than the secondary cell wall, and is sometimes retained in an unchanged or slightly modified state without the addition of the secondary wall, even after the growth process has ended.
		The secondary plant cell wall, which is often deposited inside the primary cell wall as a cell matures, sometimes has a composition nearly identical to that of the earlier-developed wall.
	micro.magnet.fsu.edu /cells/plants/cellwall.html (681 words)

	Anode material for lithium secondary cell with high capacity invention
		Disclosed is an anode material comprising a metal core layer capable of repetitive lithium intercalation/deintercalation; an amorphous carbon layer coated on the surface of the metal core layer, and a crystalline carbon layer coated on the amorphous carbon layer.
		[0014] It is another object of the present invention to provide an anode material for a lithium secondary cell, the anode material comprising a metal layer (core layer) capable of repetitive lithium intercalation/deintercalation, the surface of which is partially or totally coated with amorphous carbonaceous materials and crystalline carbonaceous materials, successively.
		By using the aforesaid anode material, it is possible to inhibit changes in the volume of a metal caused by the progress of lithium intercalation/deintercalation and to maintain a high electron conductivity among anode material particles, thereby providing a high charge/discharge capacity and excellent cycle life characteristics.
	www.freshpatents.com /Anode-material-for-lithium-secondary-cell-with-high-capacity-dt20061019ptan20060234127.php (1038 words)

	Primary Cell
		A secondary cell is one in which the electrodes and the electrolyte are altered by the chemical action that takes place when the cell delivers current.
		In the secondary cell the sponge-like construction of the cathode retains the lead sulfate formed by the chemical action of the sulfuric acid and the lead.
		The negative terminal of the voltage source is connected to the cathode of the cell and the positive terminal of the voltage source is connected to the anode of the cell.
	www.tpub.com /neets/book1/chapter2/1a.htm (1174 words)

	You are What You Eat \| Plant Biology
		Secondary meristems form the basis of secondary tissues that enlarge the diameter of the stem or root.
		Sclerid cells have an even more pronounced secondary cell wall than fiber cells and can be found in places where hardness is a desirable characteristic, such as the outer fruit coverings of walnuts and coconuts.
		Cells produced toward the inside of the vascular cambium become xylem, while those that are oriented toward the outside become phloem.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /users/wfgale/usda_course/section0_2.htm (1964 words)

	Patent 6,048,524 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cells produced by the present method can be introduced into an animal, such as a human, in need of EPO and EPO produced in the cells is secreted into the systemic circulation.
		Clonal cell strains of transfected secondary cells (referred to as transfected clonal cell strains) expressing exogenous DNA encoding EPO (and, optionally, including a selectable marker gene) are produced by the method of the present invention.
		In one embodiment of the present method of producing a clonal population of transfected secondary cells, a cell suspension containing primary or secondary cells is combined with exogenous DNA encoding EPO and DNA encoding a selectable marker, such as the bacterial neo gene.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/041100OG/6048524_GeneTherapy041100.htm (1462 words)

	Patent 6,187,305 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The present invention also relates to a method of turning on a gene present in primary cells, secondary cells or immortalized cells of vertebrate origin, which is normally not expressed in the cells or is not expressed at significant levels in the cells.
		That is, the first time a plated primary cell is removed from the culture substrate and replated (passaged), it is referred to herein as a secondary cell, as are all cells in subsequent passages.
		A cell strain consists of secondary cells that: 1) have been passaged one or more times; 2) exhibit a finite number of mean population doublings in culture; 3) exhibit the properties of contact-inhibited, anchorage dependent growth (anchorage-dependence does not apply to cells that are propagated in suspension culture); and 4) are not immortalized.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/Yr2001/Feb2001/021301/6187305_DNA021301.htm (1337 words)

	Botany Glossary "S"
		The secondary cell wall is the thicker and more rigid cell wall of cellulose laid down after the cell reaches its full size during growth and differentiation.
		Secondary growth is growth in girth (circumference) of the stem as a result of the activity of the vascular cambium in the stem.
		The secondary cell wall is missing on both sides where the concave part is. When comparing simple pits with bordered pits, the bordered pits have the secondary cell wall extending out making a covering over the pit.
	www.puc.edu /Faculty/Gilbert_Muth/botgloss.htm (1103 words)

	Plant Cells and Tissues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Cells found in phloem have primary cell walls only, while cells found in xylem have both primary and secondary cell walls.
		Plasmolysis is said to occur whent the plasma membrane of a plant cell pulls away from the cell wall.
		A plant cell can only survive a certain degree of plasmolysis; there is a point of no return where the addition of any quantity of pure water won't bring the cell back.
	www.csupomona.edu /~srkoukol/bot124lab/labsupp/cellstissues.html (620 words)

	The Plant Cell
		Plant cells are eukaryotic and have many of the structures found in animal cells.
		The rigid cell wall of plants is made of fibrils of cellulose embedded in a matrix of several other kinds of polymers such as pectin and lignin.
		The cell walls of parenchyma and meristems are uniform in thickness.
	home.comcast.net /~john.kimball1/BiologyPages/P/PlantCell.html (394 words)

	docs\lectsupl\print\page6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The cellulose microfibrils in the primary cell wall are parallel, which allows the cell wall to expand as the cell grows.
		The cells of woody or wood-like (lignified) tissue possess a secondary cell wall.
		In the secondary cell wall, the cellulose microfibrils are criss-crossed and are impregnated with lignin, both of which make secondary cell walls very hard and rigid.
	generalhorticulture.tamu.edu /lectsupl/print/page06.html (228 words)

	Wood and Bark (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The secondary vascular tissues are aligned, forming radial files of cells that are produced from a single cambium initial cell that you can locate between the xylem and phloem.
		The secondary xylem cells that are produced in the spring and early summer of the year are large in diameter; water is abundant and minerals released from the snow melt make for optimal growth.
		Thus the secondary xylem cells produced in the fall of the year are much smaller in the radial dimension.
	koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /Plants_Human/secondary.html (1550 words)

	Secondary cell - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A secondary cell is any kind of electrolytic cell in which the electrochemical reaction that releases energy is reversible.
		Commonly used secondary cell chemistries are nickel cadmium (NiCd), nickel metal hydride (NiMH), lithium ion (Li-ion), and Lithium ion polymer (Li-ion polymer).
		The electrolyte of this secondary cell is an aqueous form of potassium hydroxide.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secondary_cell (406 words)

	Programmed cell death of plant tracheary elements
		Cell suicide is referred to as programmed cell death, because the suicide process is genetically programmed and follows a predictable set of events.
		As a tracheary element differentiates, it constructs a rigid secondary cell wall and synthesizes a compliment of hydrolytic enzymes.
		Note that the indicated cell, a nascent tracheary element (see secondary cell wall thickenings) collapses the vacuole just like the tracheary elements undergoing their normal suicide in the previous two movies.
	www.bio.unc.edu /faculty/jones/lab/pcd (925 words)

	WIYN secondary mirror handling
		When the secondary is clear of the cage, lower the hoist, rotate the secondary face up, and lower the cell onto its cart.
		At the start of installation the secondary mirror will be in its shipping container, while the cell is supported zenith pointing on its handling cart with the circumferential ring and safety restraint removed and set aside.
		Use a depth mic to measure from the rim of the cell central boss to the end of the gage rod.
	www-kpno.kpno.noao.edu /wiyn/m2hand.html (1803 words)

	Rapid Recruitment of Virus-Specific CD8 T Cells Restructures Immunodominance during Protective Secondary Responses -- ...
		Cells were costained with anti-Thy1.1-PE antibody (clone OX-7; BD Pharmingen) and MHC class I tetramers.
		Plots show the mean percentages ± SD of epitope-specific CD8 T cells as well as the overall percentages of CD8 cells recovered from the spleens (A) and livers (B) of seven or eight rechallenged mice analyzed from each group.
		The primary amino acid sequences of the wild-type and F403L epitopes are indicated, with the mutation highlighted in bold and the N anchor residue underlined.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/79/20/12703 (6591 words)

	TheCellFreak.com - All About Cellphones - Reviews, Ringtones, Java Games, Cell News, Cool Downloads
		Dating in the age of cell phones is an art unto it’s self; here are some results of a study commissioned by Samsung Telecommunications America to help you understand the rules of engagement.
		The UCLA student’s cell phone fell into the toilet last Valentine’s Day and when she was assigned a new phone number; it turned out the number was only new to her.
		She had inherited a Paris Hilton hand-me-down, which became apparent mostly between the hours of 2-4am on weekends, with callers assuming they were talking to a hotel heiress rather than a communications major.
	www.thecellfreak.com (1722 words)

	Contrasting the In Situ Behavior of a Memory B Cell Clone During Primary and Secondary Immune Responses -- Vora et al. ...
		The distinction between the asymmetric, reticular staining characteristic of immune complexes on FDC and the individual, circular cell staining characteristic of Id-expressing B cells is illustrated in the insert panels.
		A PALS-associated B cell focus response is not observed during the development of the anti-arsonate germinal center reaction.
		A B cell population that dominates the primary response to influenza virus hemagglutinin does not participate in the memory response.
	www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/163/8/4315 (8880 words)

	Cell Wall Genomics - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Under the direction of Dr. Wilfred Vermerris, screening of a maize population using near infrared spectroscopy has resulted in a number of mutants in which the composition of the secondary cell wall is altered.
		Using a combination of molecular and biochemical approaches, she will address whether and how the cell walls of mutants are different from their wild-type siblings and what other cell wall changes may be there that contribute to its brittle phenotype.
		The rm1 cells within and in the vicinity of a lesion appear to die as a result of complications arising from cellular compartmentalization and secretion.
	cellwall.genomics.purdue.edu /news/purdue.html (1388 words)

	Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes Involved in the Secondary Cell Wall Biogenesis in Hybrid Aspen -- Aspeborg et al. 137 (3): ...
		the secondary cell wall-associated genes of hybrid aspen.
		Pauly M, Scheller HV (2000) O-Acetylation of plant cell wall polysaccharides: identification and partial characterization of a rhamnogalacturonan O-acetyl-transferase from potato suspension-cultured cells.
		Szyjanowicz PMJ, McKinnon I, Taylor NG, Gardiner J, Jarvis MC, Turner SR (2004) The irregular xylem 2 mutant is an allele of korrigan that affects the secondary cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/137/3/983 (6509 words)

	4R084 6-Cell Secondary Modular Bay Battery.
		This is a 48 WHr 6-Cell Secondary Modular Bay Battery for Dell.
		This is a 8 Cell Brand New Original Battery for IBM The battery is designed for use with ThinkPad x60 and X60s Series notebooks.
		This is a 4 Cell Brand New Original Battery for IBM The battery is designed for use with ThinkPad x60 and X60s Series notebooks.
	www.portablecomponentsforall.com /4r084-6cell-secondary-modular-battery-p-26524.html (308 words)

	ASGSB 2001 Abstracts - HELICAL SECONDARY CELL WALL ORIENTATION OF DEVELOPING PLANTS FROM THE ...
		One very important anatomical feature of higher plants is the presence of secondary cell walls that give strength and rigidity to plant cells allowing a plant to attain a larger size.
		This research investigates the established helical secondary wall pattern of xylem cells in developing plants in the northern hemisphere and compares that pattern to differences that may be found in the same species grown in the southern hemisphere and in clinostat manipulated conditions.
		Differences may be found between the northern and southern hemispheres due to the Coriolis Effect exerted by the rotation of the earth and possible disruption of normal gravitational influences on secondary wall development by use of a clinostat.
	www.asgsb.org /programs/2001/113.html (328 words)

	In Vitro Differentiation of Murine Sca-1+Lin- Cells into Myeloid, B Cell and T Cell Lineages -- Ito et al. 14 (4): 412 ...
		In Vitro Differentiation of Murine Sca-1+Lin- Cells into Myeloid, B Cell and T Cell Lineages -- Ito et al.
		Cells into Myeloid, B Cell and T Cell Lineages
		Cells from a single blast colony were separated into two aliquots
	stemcells.alphamedpress.org /cgi/content/abstract/14/4/412 (309 words)

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