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Topic: Secondary drowning

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	Drowning - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Drowning is death caused by the filling of the lungs by a fluid, usually water, rendering breathing impossible and leading to death due to asphyxia.
		Secondary drowning is death due to chemical and biological changes in the lungs after a near drowning incident or exposure to chemicals.
		Drowning may also be due to strong negative buoyancy, where the victim is forced underwater by an object that is denser than water.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Drowning (2517 words)

	Drownings
		Drowning is the second leading cause of accidental death, averaging approximately 8000 deaths per year in the United States alone.
		In a near drowning the main organs involved are the lungs, with both delayed and initial pulmonary problems dominating the clinical course.
		Respirations of the near drowning victim are rapid due to a response to hypoxia, acidosis, and hypercapnia, the primary disorders of near drowning.
	www.rescuediver.org /med/drown.htm (2786 words)

	ipedia.com: Drowning Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Drowning is the second most likely cause of injury and death for children up to 14 years after car accidents.
		This may be for example a swimmer with a heart attack in the ocean, exhaustion and coma due to hypothermia after breaking through the surface of a frozen lake, or merely a drunk person passing out in a small puddle.
		Drowning may also be due to strong negative buoyancy, were a denser than water item forces the victim underwater.
	www.ipedia.com /drowning.html (2553 words)

	Swimming - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Drowning due to adverse water conditions which may force the body under water or force water into the body.
		Drowning can also be caused by the inability to swim due to exhaustion or unconsciousness or a combination thereof.
		Secondary drowning, where inhaled salt water in the lungs after a near drowning starts to create a foam in the lungs that restricts breathing.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Swimming (2741 words)

	British Medical Journal: Tonic seizures are a particular risk factor for drowning in people with epilepsy
		The coroner's verdict was death by drowning secondary to epilepsy.
		Several published papers have acknowledged that drowning is an important cause of death in people with epilepsy?[1-3] Cass et al carried out a population based study of childhood drowning in New South Wales.
		Four drowned in a river or lake, two in a private pool, two in a public pool, and one in a Jacuzzi.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0999/is_7292_322/ai_74435409 (1439 words)

	Nursing Spectrum- Career Fitness Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By 2:00 PM, a 13-year-old girl and a 12-year-old boy had drowned, two other students were pulled out of the water by an off-duty corrections officer, and four others managed to climb to safety on their own.
		Drowning is defined as death from asphyxia while submerged or within 24 hours of submersion.
		Drowning is the second leading cause of injury-related death for children age one through fourteen, with between 60% to 90% of drownings among youngsters aged 0-4 occurring in residential pools.
	community.nursingspectrum.com /MagazineArticles/article.cfm?AID=4369 (1417 words)

	PC Textbook - Pediatric Submersion Injuries
		Drowning is suffocation by submersion in a fluid, whether or not the fluid is aspirated into the lungs.
		Secondary drowning implies that the victim is initially resuscitated but death occurs minutes to days after the initial resuscitation.
		The definition of secondary drowning is controversial, and the term probably is inappropriate.
	www.clinicalconsensusreports.com /Secure/textbookarticles/Primary_Care_Book/20.htm (7113 words)

	Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report: Electricity-related deaths on lakes - Oklahoma, 1989-1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Electricity-related drownings are difficult to identify because physical evidence of electricity-induced burns may not be readily apparent.
		When drownings occur at pools or near docks and the cause cannot be readily identified, the electrical system of the pool or dock should be inspected.
		Improved surveillance for drownings could be enhanced by including narrative information on death certificates for which injuries are listed as the primary cause of death.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0906/is_n21_v45/ai_18405020 (1211 words)

	Ventura County Sheriff's Search and Rescue Dive Team
		Drowning is the fourth leading cause of accidental death among the general population.
		The majority of drownings occur in fresh water: swimming pools, bath tubs, lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, etc. Unfortunately, many drownings result from the application of what has come to be known as the "deadly formula": hot weather + alcohol + cold water = drowning.
		Drowning is caused by an inhalation of water.
	vcsardive.org /past/Academy/rescue.htm (1578 words)

	All-Net \| drowning / concepts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The usual mode of injury in drowning is through aspiration of liquid and stomach contents, with gasping that exacerbates aspiration into the trachea; hypoxia and hypoxemia ensue.
		In practice this rarely occurs to a severe degree, as the volume of aspirant needed is probably in excess of 20 cc/kg.
		Adequate perfusion and oxygenation are of utmost importance in preventing secondary injury, but extremes of therapy are probably unwarranted.
	pedsccm.wustl.edu /All-Net/english/neurpage/protect-old/drown-2.htm (702 words)

	The Physician and Sportsmedicine: Near-Drowning
		Drowning is defined as death by suffocation in a liquid, and near-drowning is defined as recovery, at least temporarily, following suffocation in a liquid (1).
		A drowning sequence has been described that begins with panic or struggle and is followed by breath-holding, apnea, fluid swallowing, and either aspiration or laryngospasm ending in unconsciousness and death (4).
		Sports-related drownings and near-drownings continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among adolescents and young adults.
	www.physsportsmed.com /issues/1998/07jul/reed.htm (2149 words)

	sBMJ
		Near drowning is defined as survival (even temporarily) from an episode of suffocation by submersion in a liquid.
		Drowning is defined as death from suffocation by submersion in a liquid.
		Near drowning may occur in deep water when a person is unable to swim or has become hypothermic or exhausted.
	www.studentbmj.com /back_issues/1195/drown.htm (1231 words)

	Drowning, Dry Drowning, and Shallow Water Blackout
		Drowning occurs when an individual is immersed in water and takes water into the lungs, subsequently not being able to breath.
		Drowning is divided into delayed drowning or secondary drowning, and immersion incidents.
		Near drowning victims who are alert, or at least have good pupillary reflex and are not in a coma should do well.
	www.surviveoutdoors.com /reference/drowning.asp (1393 words)

	University of Utah Wilderness Medicine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Drowning is the second most common cause of accidental deaths among children and the third leading cause of death in young adults.
		The age population of the majority of its victims compounds the tragedy of drowning.
		Preferred nomenclature for drowning and near drowning events as it encompasses both the terms near drowning and drowning without the implication of time or prognosis.
	www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WildernessMedicine/subman_ch14.htm (1353 words)

	eMedicine - Near Drowning : Article by Michael Fiore, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Drowning is defined as death from asphyxia within 24 hours of submersion in water.
		Secondary bacterial infections are common; whether prophylactic antibiotics are beneficial is controversial.
		Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension secondary to hypoxic neuronal injury is frequently observed, but studies have shown that invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure is neither useful nor necessary in near-drowning incidents.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2570.htm (2992 words)

	A Welsh View: Woman Drowns On Dry Land
		Woman Drowns On Dry Land]]>" dc:identifier="http://xo.typepad.com/blog/2004/05/woman_drowns_on.html" dc:description="The Times: Woman drowned on dry land after swim The wife of a businessman drowned while on holiday on a Greek island even though she was on dry land at the moment of her death.
		The wife of a businessman drowned while on holiday on a Greek island even though she was on dry land at the moment of her death.
		In a little-known phenomenon called secondary drowning, it is not unusual for drowning victims to survive long enough to be pulled from the water on to dry land.
	xo.typepad.com /blog/2004/05/woman_drowns_on.html (249 words)

	Other Topics: Drowning and Near-Drowning: Prevention and Treatment
		Drowning is the third most common cause of accidental death in the United States, causing almost 8,000 deaths each year.
		Ten-year study of pediatric drownings and near-drownings in King County, Washington: Lessons in injury prevention.
		Prognostic factors in pediatric cases of drowning and near drowning.
	www.thedoctorwillseeyounow.com /articles/other/drown_7 (1710 words)

	Appendix 1: DESPR Personnel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Her secondary research interests include promising methods and statistical approaches for reproductive and perinatal epidemiology.
		Her secondary interests include identification of factors that influence parental attitudes and behaviors regarding child-rearing practices.
		His primary interest is in developing novel approaches to the design and analysis of vaccine trials, with secondary research interests that include studies in pediatric and perinatal epidemiology.
	www.nichd.nih.gov /publications/pubs/coundespr/sub8.htm (1360 words)

	3.4 Drowning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Drowning is death from suffocation due to immersion in a liquid.
		Dry drowning refers to the condition of absence of extraneous fluid in the lungs following drowning.
		Secondary drowning refers to fluid accumulation in the lungs following what appears to be successful recovery from a near drowning event.
	www.emitten.org.uk /NPG/drowning.htm (676 words)

	Browse Caselaw
		The medical examiner testified that Harrell died from drowning, secondary to one bullet wound to the head.
		The medical examiner listed drowning, secondary to a bullet wound to the head, as the cause of Harrell's death.
		Tankersley argues that, because there is medical evidence that the cause of Harrell's death was drowning secondary to the bullet wound, venue was appropriate only in Lincoln County where the drowning occurred, not in Columbia County where the shooting occurred and the trial was held.
	www.lawskills.com /case/ga/id/3652 (2198 words)

	Drowning and Near Drowning - Patient UK
		Drowning and Near Drowning - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical.
		Drowning is death within 24hrs from suffocation by submersion in a liquid, normally fresh water or sea water.
		Secondary drowning is a non-specific term for death after 24hrs from complications of submersion.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40001333 (768 words)

	Drowning and Near Drowning - continuing education course for nurses, first responders, EMTs and paramedics - © Wild ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Dry drowning is asphyxiation caused by decreased oxygen and is a result of laryngotracheal spasm that prevents both water and oxygen from entering the lungs.
		Secondary drowning is death caused by respiratory failure commonly from ARDS, pulmonary edema, or aspiration pneumonia that occurs following successful resuscitation.
		Drowning is the third leading cause of accidental death.
	www.nursingceu.com /courses/15/index_ems.html (2952 words)

	Near Drowing
		Secondary drowning: death from complications of a submersion event greater than 24 hours after
		Adult drowning and near drowning have an increased association with boating and alcohol use.
		6% of all near drowning victims have neurologic sequelae (10% of all survivors)
	home.columbus.rr.com /allen/near_drowing.htm (1003 words)

	eMedicine - Submersion Injury, Near Drowning : Article by Suzanne Shepherd, MD, MS, DTMandH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Background: Drowning is defined as death secondary to asphyxia while immersed in a liquid, usually water, or within 24 hours of submersion.
		Male-to-female ratios are approximately 12:1 for boat-related drownings and 4:1 for non–boat-related drownings.
		Bathtub and pail drownings may represent child abuse; carefully examine the child for other evidence of injury, review the child's history for previous events, and review the details of the incident very carefully with the child's parent or guardian.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/topic744.htm (4773 words)

	About the Summer Blues: Sunburn & Drowning - TravelASSIST Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		First is "dry drowning", this is when a person's submerged larynx goes into spasms, closing off the windpipe.
		The forth form is known as "secondary drowning".
		Always remember that no matter how great of a swimmer you are, no one is as powerful as the ocean, and also its a good idea to keep that old rule in mind about swimming with a buddy, they can save your life.
	travelassist.com /mag/vic_28.html (451 words)

	DROWNING
		Do not fail to seek veterinary help just because your resuscitation is successful and your dog seems to be recoverd.
		Many secondary complications such as secondary pneumonia can occur.
		Most dogs are not able to get out of a swimming pool at the edge.
	www.homestead.com /bulldogsworld3/drowning.html (198 words)

	JCCC::EMS 225 - MICT II
		Identify the measures to be taken to ensure paramedic safety as related to handling the patient with suspected infectious disease 3.
		List the pathophysiologies and potential causes of death in near drowning, drowning, and secondary drowning 2.
		Identify the assessment procedures used when evaluating the patient who is suspected of being pregnant, and the complications that arise in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester 2.
	www.johnco.cc.ks.us /home/course_outline/fall-2004/EMS225 (3106 words)

	Recommended Guidelines for Uniform Reporting of Data From Drowning: The "Utstein Style" -- Idris et al. 108 (20): 2565 ...
		Drowning by total immersion: effects on pulmonary surfactant of distilled water, isotonic saline, and sea water.
		Drowning in childhood and adolescence: a population-based study.
		Prevalence of traumatic injuries in drowning and near drowning in children and adolescents.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/108/20/2565 (4504 words)

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