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Topic: Secondary forest

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	FAO - Forestry - Workshop on Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa: Reality and Perspectives
		Secondary forests are defined as forests regenerating largely through natural processes after significant human and natural disturbances of the original forest vegetation and displaying a major difference in forest structure and canopy species composition with respect to nearby primary forests on similar sites.
		Secondary forests were left without proper management in the past because of the policy, which focused on the management of fast growing exotic forest plantations to meet the industrial wood demand in the country.
		Secondary forests are often not recognized as degraded forest and woodland in recovery stages, and neglected.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/J0628E/J0628E64.htm (7908 words)

	Secondary Forests
		However, determining the exact share of secondary forest is difficult, especially in the absence of firm criteria for classification of primary and secondary stands.
		Secondary forests are very diverse, not only because of site differences but also due to variations in their history of human intervention.
		In intact forests the main elements of spatial diversity of the stand and other forest layers at a particular site are connected with natural spontaneous disturbances; in secondary forests they are most often generated by diversity of technical interventions such as skid lines, landings and roads (Pautov, 1992; Yaroshenko et al., 1998).
	www.forest.ru /eng/publications/north/03-c.htm (899 words)

	FAO - Forestry - Workshop on Tropical Secondary Forest Management in Africa: Reality and Perspectives
		Secondary forests are increasingly becoming the predominant forest type in many countries in Africa, and will gradually have to fill the roles of former primary forests.
		If secondary forests are to be conserved and productively managed, the farmers or communities that manage them must receive a benefit that justifies that management and the benefit provided by the forest must be greater than alternative uses for the land resource where they are growing.
		Secondary forests are currently an integral part of the landscape in tropical Africa and therefore their sustainable management is very important, not only to provide environmental services and sustainable livelihoods but also to save the remaining primary forests.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/006/J0628E/J0628E12.htm (7094 words)

	Tropical Restoration for the New Millennium - Management of Regeneration and Secondary Forests
		Secondary forests (the woody successional vegetation that regenerates after the forest cover has been removed by human intervention) are an important feature of the landscape in agricultural frontier zones of the neotropical humid lowlands.
		Secondary forest overstories are dominated by a small group of long-lived tree species for many decades and bear little similarity to those of comparable old-growth forests; this low-diversity overstory, in addition, may inhibit the development of other tree populations.
		If secondary forest patches are to be maintained in the landscape as a way of restoring both forest cover and plant biodiversity in agricultural landscapes while at the same time providing economic benefits to rural communities, research on the biological basis for their management is warranted.
	members.aol.com /tropbosq/abstr6.htm (3839 words)

	Ch07
		Where secondary forest systems may indeed come to have a certain broad structural uniformity (a swidden subsistence sector, one or several of a relatively small number of cash source options, etc.), it is likely that primary forest swidden villages may indeed embark on rather different, diverging rather than converging, paths.
		It should be remembered, however, that primary forest swidden villagers are still swiddeners in that they are affectively attached to this mode of agriculture, their entire sociocultural system is adapted to it, and they will struggle against even very formidable odds to preserve this way of life.
		Most primary forest swiddeners are familiar with secondary forest rotational swiddening and have even practiced it from time to time to grow subsistence crops when it was preferable to remain for a time in an area where opium yields were still good.
	www.unu.edu /unupress/unupbooks/80192e/80192E07.htm (2707 words)

	Tropenbos-test1
		Primary forests are frequently perceived as undisturbed forest in a late stage of succession, but the concept should include the associated younger successional stages.
		In contrast, secondary forests are defined as forests regenerating largely through natural processes after significant human disturbance of the original forest at a single point in time or over an extended period and displaying a major difference in forest structure and/or canopy species composition with respect to nearby primary forests on similar sites.
		While conservationists traditionally focus on primary forests for their biodiversity and natural processes, there is much recent attention for secondary forests, not in the last place because primary forests are more and more scarce.
	www.tropenbos.nl /DRG/secondary.htm (475 words)

	Spatial Modeling of Early Secondary Forest Succession
		Characterizing the secondary forest succession after disturbance is important because both live biomass and detritus accumulation rates are highly dependent on the life forms present (i.e., herb, versus shrubs versus hardwoods versus conifers).
		Current understanding about forest succession and its role in controlling global carbon sinks and sources could be improved by (1) additional analysis of the rate, spatial and temporal pattern of secondary forest succession.
		Direct observation of forest succession with satellite remote sensing and aerial photography identify areas prone to prolonged shrub and hardwood occupancy versus those that are rapidly occupied by conifers.
	www.fsl.orst.edu /~yang/res.html (2272 words)

	Tropical Restoration for the New Millennium - Restoration on Degraded Agricultural Lands
		To determine the island-wide pattern of secondary succession we sampled secondary forests in four geological/lifezone regions of Puerto Rico: Luquillo - volcanoclastic sandstone/subtropical moist to wet, Ciales - limestone karst/subtropical moist, Carite - extrusive volcanic and intrusive plutonic/subtropical moist to wet and Utuado - extrusive volcanic/subtropical wet.
		Plantations were equivalent in structure to 30-year old secondary forests, but closer in species composition to the 10-year old secondary forests.
		In the secondary forests that appeared, one half of the basal area was comprised of ten tree species.
	members.aol.com /tropbosq/abstr4.htm (4491 words)

	Saving the Rain Forest with Secondary Forest Products
		There is great potential for the development of secondary forest products on a large scale to contribute to local and national income through the global market.
		Some forest products can be domesticated and cultivated on a widespread basis on highly degraded and formerly forested lands.
		Tropical agriculture with conventional crops usually has proven to be a failure because tropical forest lands are rife with pests, disease, poor soils, drought, and inconsistent rainfall.
	rainforests.mongabay.com /1006.htm (1108 words)

	SUB Göttingen - Dissertationen - Köhler, Lars: Die Bedeutung der Epiphyten im ökosystemaren Wasser- und ...
		The objectives of this study were (a) to elucidate how the structure of the stands and the biomass of their epiphytes changes with succession, and (b) to quantify the contribution of epiphytes to the fluxes of water and nutrients in different successional stages at the ecosystem level.
		Interception reached 25% in the old-growth forest, whereas significantly lower values were measured in the early (15%) and the later secondary forest (9%).
		These results show that the effects of a conversion from primary to secondary forest on water and nutrient budgets are considerable even after 40 years of secondary succession.
	webdoc.sub.gwdg.de /diss/2002/koehler/index.html (1546 words)

	Our Forestry Investments: Our Secondary Market (Forest Enterprises Ltd)
		It is called a ‘secondary market’ in keeping with the convention that new issues are sold on a ‘primary market’ and existing on a ‘secondary market’.
		An investment purchased on our secondary market is a Forest Enterprises investment and therefore has the same industry leading forest management and administration characteristics that are the hallmark of all our investments dating back over the last 32 years.
		Forest Enterprises has no liability to the Buyer should the Seller default in its obligations to complete the sale and transfer.
	www.forestenterprises.co.nz /new/ofi/secondarymarket.htm (1166 words)

	Growth of Secondary Forest in Puerto Rico Between 1980 and 1985
		The volume of growing stock trees increased by 32%, and timber volume by nearly 36%, on all classes of forest land between 1980 and 198.5.
		) varied by forest class and averaged 2.0 in young secondary forest, 6.9 in advanced secondary forest, 7.1 in abandoned coffee shade forest, and 1.2 in active coffee shade forest.
		Weaver, P.L.; Birdsey, R.A. Growth of Secondary Forest in Puerto Rico Between 1980 and 1985 Turrialba Vol.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/5542 (348 words)

	Dominica's culture, history & heritage: Secondary Forest - a brief definition from Dr. Lennox Honychurch
		What was once virgin forest on Dominica that has been disturbed by agriculture or the felling of timber at some time during the last five hundred years and which has then been abandoned and taken over by the forest once more.
		Large tracts of DominicaВ’s forests are therefore secondary forest.
		Thousands of acres of abandoned plantation land are now in secondary forest at different stages of re-growth.
	www.news-dominica.com /heritage/heritage.cfm?Id=209 (165 words)

	Numbering of Trails and Secondary Forest Roads in Angeles National Forest
		Secondary Forest Service roads in the ANF are given the designations xNyy, where x is a number from 1 to 8 and yy is a two-digit number.
		The number x is assigned based on the township, followed by the N because the ANF is north of San Bernardino Peak, and hence in the northern townships.
		Forest Service trails in the ANF are given the designations xxWyy, where xx is a one- or two-digit number from 7 to 18 and yy is a two-digit number.
	tchester.org /sgm/lists/anf_map_roads.html (1387 words)

	Project: Secondary forest development and dynamics in relation to light availability
		Project: Secondary forest development and dynamics in relation to light availability
		Secondary forest development and dynamics in relation to light availability
		Explorative pilot study into the role of light availability in secondary forest succession
	www.odi.org.uk /tropics/projects/3102.htm (60 words)

	Project: Checklist of secondary forest trees in East and South Kalimantan, Indonesia
		Project: Checklist of secondary forest trees in East and South Kalimantan, Indonesia
		Checklist of secondary forest trees in East and South Kalimantan, Indonesia
		Produce taxonomic information on secondary forest tree species which can be used to decide upon management measures to be adopted for secondary forest
	www.odi.org.uk /tropics/projects/2963.htm (73 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #7152479 - Secondary forest products manufacturers market void identification
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		This study identifies ``market voids`` of the secondary forest products industry.^A market void may exist if raw materials or services are being purchased from outside a designated geographic region.^Nine counties in upper East Tennessee, southwest Virginia, and western North Carolina were selected for study because of their concentration of secondary wood product firms.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7152479 (152 words)

	Secondary Forest Database (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is a database interface that stores information about secondary forests in Brazil.
		The interface allows you to search through the database, edit
		You must first log in before you start using the options on the LEFT
	www.tropicalforests.ufl.edu /Lba/aboutdb.asp (46 words)

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