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Topic: Secotioid

In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Gastrosuillus laricinus
		Secotioid agarics and boletes are morphological intermediates between normal epigeous mushrooms and hypogeous false-truffles.
		We speculate that most or all extant secotioid boletes are also relatively recent and are unlikely to be the ancestors of the false truffles.
		We hypothesize this because virtually all of the secotioid boletes are also rare and limited in range, and many have morphologies that suggest close relationships to extant species groups or sections of genera (18, 20).
	plantbio.berkeley.edu /~bruns/papers/bruns1992c.html (1734 words)

	Secotioid: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com
		...are also several related groups of secotioid fungi / gasteromycetes (see: puffballs), a polypore (see:...
		Secotioid mushrooms lack the geotropic[?] orientation of the hymenophore, and basidiospores are not actively shot off, thus they are statismospores.
		Perhaps an intermediate stage between hymenomycetes and gasteromycetes where gasteromycetation has occurred.
	www.encyclopedian.com /se/Secotioid.html (111 words)

	Albee-Scott 2008
		Secotioid inertia is a model implemented to explain the prevalence of highly derived false truffles with no obvious connection to the Homobasidiomycetes.
		Morphological and molecular data from Russulaceae are used to model the evolutionary stages of secotioid inertia.
		The implications of secotioid drive are discussed with reference to gasteromycete phylogenetics, evolution, and conservation.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest08/08_1albee1.htm (204 words)

	Pouch fungi and truffle-like fungi - Landcare Research
		The Thaxterogaster species form a phylogenetically artificial group, and are now regarded as members of the large genus Cortinarius, but they are treated under their old name in this Guide, as they are such a macroscopically distinctive group.
		Secotioid genus related to the boletes, with a single species, endemic to New Zealand.
		The white fruiting bodies with a short stalk are always found under tea-tree, and it is quite common in northern New Zealand.
	fungalguide.landcareresearch.co.nz /WebForms/FG_Group.aspx?Group=Truffle (602 words)

	BOT 461/561: Lecture#10 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		the secotioid morphology consists of a basidiocarp with both a stipe and a pileus-like head; resembles a mushroom with a pileus that either has failed to open or opened only partially
		Thiers (1984) and Singer (1986) discussed the relationships of some secotioid forms to specific agarics or boletes and in some cases considered them to be intermediates in evolutionary lines leading to false truffles.
		Thiers (1984) viewed the secotioid line as leading to the hypogeous forms selected for increasing aridity in the mountain ranges of the western part of North America where both secotioid and false-truffle forms are abundant and show high species di versity (Thiers, 1984).
	eepm.orst.edu /Dept/botany/mycology/bot461/class/lecture10.html (1065 words)

	Botanical Electronic News - BEN #177
		Bryce Kendrick explained to us that Macowanites is a member of the so-called sequestrate fungi (also called secotioid or gastroid fungi), mushrooms that follow the example of truffles and remain buried underground, or grow close to the soil surface.
		It means that the spores are sequestered or hidden away, kept from contact with the outside world, at least until the fruit body decays or is eaten.
		The term sequestrate appears to be a more useful and more widely applicable term than such frequently-used words as 'gastroid' (which inappropriately implies close relationship with gasteromycetes) and 'secotioid,' an arcane word suggesting similarity with the genus Secotium (which is a sequestrate derivative of Agaricus).
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/ben/ben177.html (2174 words)

	A unique ballistosporic hypogeous sequestrate Lactarius from California -- Desjardin 95 (1): 148 -- Mycologia
		The secotioid and sequestrate representatives of the Russulales
		secotioid genus Thaxterogaster (54 spp.) with Cortinarius (Peintner
		Thiers HD., 1979 New and interesting hypogeous and secotioid fungi from California.
	www.mycologia.org /cgi/content/full/95/1/148 (2009 words)

	HDT Memorial Main Page
		He is recognized worldwide as the leading authority on boletes and an innovator in the research on secotioid fungi.
		His published presidential address entitled "The Secotioid Syndrome" is one of the more frequently cited papers on the evolution of morphology in fleshy fungi.
		Because of his outstanding contributions to the field of mycology, the MSA awarded him its highest honor, the Distinguished Mycologist Award.
	www.mycena.sfsu.edu /pages/memorial/memmain.html (701 words)

	BOT 461/561: Lecture#10
		the secotioid morphology consists of a basidiocarp with both a stipe and a pileus-like head; resembles a mushroom with a pileus that either has failed to open or opened only partially
		Thiers (1984) and Singer (1986) discussed the relationships of some secotioid forms to specific agarics or boletes and in some cases considered them to be intermediates in evolutionary lines leading to false truffles.
		Thiers (1984) viewed the secotioid line as leading to the hypogeous forms selected for increasing aridity in the mountain ranges of the western part of North America where both secotioid and false-truffle forms are abundant and show high species di versity (Thiers, 1984).
	oregonstate.edu /dept/botany/mycology/bot461/class/lecture10.html (1065 words)

	Russula and Lactarius
		These five photos depict the eruption and exhumation of what appears to be a secotioid form of Russula xerampelina.
		This secotioid version seems to be the result of a lot of environmental insults but it persists nontheless.
		This would seem to indicate periods of varying growth, drought, and or rapid expansion when water became available again.
	www.fungaljungal.org /family_pages/Russula.htm (363 words)

	Shroomery - Weraroa novea-zelandiae
		Comments: Weraroa novea-zelandiae (W. noveazelandiae) is a rare secotioid form of caerulescent Psilocybe known only from the North Island of New Zealand.
		In general, secotioid mushrooms appear to be lumpy, malformed mushrooms that never open up to expose their gills (or tubes in boletes).
		The postings prompted molecular work (currently unpublished) by secotioid expert Ross Beever which reveals that W. novea-zelandiae is very closely related to Psilocybe subaeruginosa which appears to be synonymous with P. cyanescens.
	www.shroomery.org /9614/Weraroa-novea-zelandiae (368 words)

	Mycorrhiza Literature Exchange
		We conducted cafeteria-style feeding trials to compare preferences of northern flying squirrels captured in the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California among sporocarps of 5 species of fungi (3 truffle species and 2 species of secotioid fungi), 2 species of lichens, and fir (Abies magnifica and A. concolor) seeds.
		Mean proportion of food eaten varied significantly among the 3 truffle species, between the 2 species of secotioid fungi, and between the 2 lichen species.
		Mean proportion of food eaten was greatest for 2 of the truffle species, followed by the lichen Bryoria fremontii.
	mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu /latest/latest97/zzabe1.htm (230 words)

	Amazon.com: "secotioid forms": Key Phrase page
		See all pages with references to "secotioid forms".
		Certain secotioid forms and gasteromycetes as well as the "puffball" Pisolithus have been linked to Boletaceae.
		Structure and Dynamics of Fungal Populations (Population and Community Biology Series) by J. Worrall
	www.amazon.com /phrase/secotioid-forms (239 words)

	CJO - Abstract - Genera in the family Agaricaceae: evidence from nrITS and nrLSU sequences
		Notholepiota areolata, a secotioid species from New Zealand, Cystoagaricus with brown, irregular-knobby spores, and Leucopholiota with gelatinized hymenophoral trama and amyloid spores, fall outside the family Agaricaceae.
		In the reorganization, long accepted tribe and genus definitions are amended, viz.: (1) Macrolepiota and Chlorophyllum separately are monophyletic, but not together; (2) Leucoagaricus and Leucocoprinus together form one large monophyletic clade, that also includes polyphyletic Sericeomyces; (3) Lepiota, Cystolepiota and Melanophyllum together form a monophyletic clade; (4) Secotiation has happened within several clades (e.g.
		Agaricus and Chlorophyllum), though not in the Leucoagaricus/Leucocoprinus clade, nor in the lineage of Macrolepiota proper; gasteroid and most secotioid species in the course of adaptation acquire coloured spores; and (5) the monovelangiocarpic Chamaemyces fracidus appears to be basal to the family and provides clues to the morphology of the ancestral Agaricaceae.
	journals.cambridge.org /action/displayAbstract;jsessionid=18BD53FED578B42B26FC6B96B3ECEA00.tomcat1?fromPage=online&aid=219409 (233 words)

	Puffballs
		The spores in the billions have already largely dispersed, their edibility long past.
		This photos contrasts a true puffball at left and a secotioid agaric on the right.
		Note the distinct peridium (skin) and uniform context (interior) on the true puffball versus the vestigal stem and how the spore bearing surface resembles crumbly gills in the secotioid fungus.
	www.fungaljungal.org /family_pages/puffball.htm (203 words)

	MykoWeb: Mushrooms, Fungi, Mycology
		On the Mushroom Articles page you will find some fine writing by Steve Trudell (mycorrhiza), Mike Boom (fungal lust!) and Terri Beausejour (cultivation) and many others.
		There you can find what does not fit elsewhere, including watercolors, quotes and plates from old mushroom books, mushroom humor, and several bibliographies, including a copy of my Bibliography of the Hypogeous and Secotioid Fungi.
		The photographs throughout MykoWeb are copyrighted by the photographers who took them and are used here with their permission.
	www.mykoweb.com (587 words)

	Fungi-zette Special Issue, Yuba Pass Foray, June 15-17, 2006
		They were hanging, down and up, on rotten wood, at the edges of the snow banks.
		Also abundant on wood was the secotioid fungus Nivatogastrium nubigastrum, a pholiota that is (d)evolving towards an underground life, and smells like chemical bubblegum.
		One of the prettiest of the snowbank mycenas was out in abundance; Mycena griseoveridis, with its yellow gills and multi-colored stipe, provided an easy ID. Another easily identified mycena, collected in lesser numbers, was M. overholtsii, a large, gray species with an extraordinarily fuzzy "foot"; this species also grows on wood at snowmelt.
	www.fungi-zette.com /yuba-06.htm (1503 words)

	Multiple origins of sequestrate fungi related to Cortinarius (Cortinariaceae) -- Peintner et al. 88 (12): 2168 -- ...
		of certain gastroid and secotioid fungi with gilled fungi were
		Furthermore, secotioid forms have also been reported to occur
		Hibbett D. Tsuneda S. Murakami 1994 The secotioid form of Lentinus tigrinus: genetics and development of a fungal morphological innovation.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/12/2168 (5973 words)

	89(4)Abstr (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abstract: We have used internal transcribed spacer sequences from the nuclear ribosomal repeat to investigate the secotioid genus Gastrosuillus and to clarify its relationship to Suillus.
		Our results show that secotioid fruitbodies in the genus Gastrosuillus are clearly derived and have evolved at least two times from Suillus.
		Gastrosuillus suilloides, Gastrosuillus amaranthii, and Gastrosuillus umbrinus proved to be genetically very closely related; their closest nonsecotioid relative was found to be Suillus variegatus.
	www.msafungi.org /89-4ABS.HTM (3537 words)

	Request for Specimens
		I am studying Lepiota and its allies: how are the relationships among them, and how do secotioid fungi, like Endoptychum agaricioides and E.
		I do have material of E. agaricioides, but I would love to get recently (within the last 10 years) picked E.
		I will return the collections to you, and tell you about the results.
	www.mycowest.org /requests/q01-0430.htm (109 words)

	Evolution of gilled mushrooms and puffballs inferred from ribosomal DNA sequences -- Hibbett et al. 94 (22): 12002 -- ...
		have given rise to gasteromycetous false truffles and "secotioid"
		(4), and (iii) the secotioid fungi Podaxis and Montagnea are
		false truffles, and secotioid fungi apparently have evolved repeatedly,
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/22/12002 (3289 words)

	Amanita specialist Amanitaceae Amanitales images fact facts taxonomy systematics nomenlacture illustrations Studies ...
		Recent (including some unpublished) molecular studies concur with the morphological view that Limacella is a distinct genus; however, Amarrendia and Torrendia seem rather likely to comprise hypogeous and secotioid (respectively) species that evolved from multiple ancestors in multiple sections of the genus Amanita.
		Torrendia - The species of this genus are (1) secotioid; (2) expand from within a membranous, universal veil; (3) have longitudinally acrophysalidic stipe tissue (as in Amanita); (4) have inamyloid spores (with one possible exception); and (5) have clamps on the bases of their basidia (with the same possible exception).
		At least some of the taxa of this genus (including the type species) appear to have had ancestors in common with species of Amanita section Caesareae [
	pluto.njcc.com /~ret/amanita/mainaman.html (2680 words)

	Amazon.com: "secotioid fungi": Key Phrase page
		See all pages with references to "secotioid fungi".
		Gasteromycetes that have been sampled in the cuagarics Glade include bird's nest fungi, puff- halls, false truffles, and secotioid fungi ('t'able I).
		Key Phrases: Mycological Research, Journal of General Microbiology, Transactions of the British Mycological Society, Cambridge University Press, New York, New Phytologist, endolytic activity, endoglucanolytic activity, inflated hyphae, extensile growth, tall fruit body, narrow hyphae (see more)
	www.amazon.com /phrase/secotioid-fungi (142 words)

	History OSU Mycology Collection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		His numerous sole author and joint publications with C.W. Dodge on gasteromycetes are seminal papers in mycology.
		Zeller and Gilkey were contemporaries at OSU and their shared research interests in sequestrate (hypogeous and secotioid) fungi provide OSU and the Mycological Collection with a rich research legacy on these fungi that continues today.
		Frank Sipe's collection of lichens represents one of the earliest and more important lichen collections of the Pacific Northwest.
	mgd.nacse.org /auxillary/collhist.html (893 words)

	AMP - Specimen Requests
		Dr. E. Vellinga's work sorting out Lepiotoid mushrooms and the family Agaricaceae has produced some very interesting results.
		The association of several secotioid species (basically mushrooms that don't open the cap to expose their gills) with their mushroom relatives have now been suggested using molecular phylogenetic techniques.
		For example, the genus Endoptychum is now known to be an assemblage of species that were not all closely related.
	www.public.asu.edu /~stbates/amprequests.html (546 words)

	IngentaConnect SOME INTERESTING GASTEROID AND SECOTIOID FUNGI FROM SONORA, MEXIC...
		IngentaConnect SOME INTERESTING GASTEROID AND SECOTIOID FUNGI FROM SONORA, MEXIC...
		Nine rare species of gasteroid and secotioid fungi from Sonora, Mexico are treated here: Agaricus texensis (= Longula texensis), Araneosa columellata, Calvatia bicolor, C.
		Article copyright remains with the publisher, society or author(s) as specified within the article.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nhn/pimj/2007/00000019/00000002/art00007 (196 words)

	FungiBank - Glossary
		Fruit bodies of gastroid fungi less closely resemble
		secotioid fungi which are another main broad type of
		Fruit bodies of secotioid fungi more closely resemble
	www.fungibank.csiro.au /glossary.htm (2161 words)

	Moncalvo et al., 2000: Phylogeny of agaric fungi
		Thus, sequestrate taxa evolved independently many times within brown-spored Agaricales.
		Furthermore, emergent, secotioid, and gastroid forms have evolved independently from each other, and so are not necessarily intermediate forms.
		After their establishment, these apparently morphologically stable taxa show a tendency to radiate.
	www.biology.duke.edu /fungi/mycolab/publications/peintnerAJB.html (449 words)

	MykoWeb -- Hypogeous and Secotioid Fungi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This is where you can get a copy of my Bibliography of the Hypogeous and Secotioid Fungi.
		This twenty page document is a list of most of the important taxonomic references regarding these groups of fungi.
		Adobe Acrobat format (Latest revision: 30 March 2001.)
	www.mykoweb.com /biblio/hypo_biblio.html (63 words)

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