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	Public-key cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Public key cryptography is a form of cryptography which generally allows users to communicate securely without having prior access to a shared secret key, by using a pair of cryptographic keys, designated as public key and private key, which are related mathematically.
		This method of exponential key exchange, which came to be known as Diffie-Hellman key exchange, was the first published practical method for establishing a shared secret key over an unprotected communications channel without using a prior shared secret.
		Whatever the cryptographic assurance of the protocols themselves, the association between a public key and its owner is ultimately a matter of subjective judgement on the part of the trusted third party, since the key is a mathematical entity whilst the owner and the connection between owner and key is not.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Public_key (2981 words)

	Symmetric key algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Symmetric-key algorithms are a class of algorithms for cryptography that use trivially related cryptographic keys for both decryption and encryption.
		The encryption key is trivially related to the decryption key, in that they may be identical or there is a simple transform to go between the two keys.
		Since keys are subject to potential discovery by a cryptographic adversary, they need to be changed often and kept secure during distribution and in service.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Symmetric_key_algorithm (727 words)

	Key (cryptography) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Keys are also used in other cryptographic algorithms, such as (Click link for more info and facts about digital signature) digital signature schemes and keyed-hash functions (also known as (A waterproof raincoat made of rubberized fabric) MACs), often used for (Validating the authenticity of something or someone) authentication.
		A newer class of "public key" cryptographic algorithms was discovered in the (The decade from 1970 to 1979) 1970s which use a pair of keys, one to encrypt and one to decrypt.
		To prevent a key from being guessed, keys need to be generated (Click link for more info and facts about random) randomly and contain sufficient ((thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work) entropy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/k/ke/key_(cryptography).htm (1151 words)

	SSH : Support : Cryptography A-Z : Algorithms : Secret Key Cryptosystems
		Secret key algorithms use the same key for both encryption and decryption (or one is easily derivable from the other).
		In general the key is assumed to be chosen at random mathematically, for a fixed key, a block cipher is a bijection, defining a permutation of n-bit vectors.
		In the block cipher case the permutation is generated by the secret key and the key space might not cover all the possible permutations.
	www.ssh.info /support/cryptography/algorithms/symmetric.html (3577 words)

	Key (cryptography)
		An attacker who obtains the key (by theft, extortion, dumpster diving, or inspection of a Post-it note stuck to the side of a terminal) can recover the original message from the encrypted data, since as a matter of principle the details of the cryptographic algorithm used is assumed to be already available to the attacker.
		Typical key sizes for estimated 'equivalent security' against a particular kind of attack (ie, brute force key space search) are 128 bits for symmetric ciphers and 2048 bits or more for public key cryptography.
		If the key is too small, the algorithm will be vulnerable to a brute force attack in which all possible values of the key are tried one by one.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/k/ke/key__cryptography_.html (1105 words)

	Secret Key Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The primary disadvantage of symmetric cryptography is the difficulty distributing the secret keys.
		The second key is encrypted using the KKM shared between the Center and the recipient.
		Key Translation Centers are used when two parties require the key management functions provided by the center, but one or both of the parties want to generate the KKs and DKs.
	csrc.nist.gov /publications/nistpubs/800-7/node209.html (981 words)

	RFC 2845 - Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG). P. Vixie, O. Gudmundsson, D. Eastlake 3rd, B. ...
		This document's secret key based MACs can be used to authenticate DNS update requests as well as transaction responses, providing a lightweight alternative to the protocol described by [RFC2137].
		Key error handling If an RCODE on a response is 9 (NOTAUTH), and the response TSIG validates, and the TSIG key is different from the key used on the request, then this is a KEY error.
		Secret keys are very sensitive information and all available steps should be taken to protect them on every host on which they are stored.
	rfc.dotsrc.org /rfc/rfc2845.html (3867 words)

	jGuru: In symmetric cryptography, how does one transport the secret key from the sender to the recipient securely and ...
		A public key which is published to the outside world and a Private key which is known only to the owner.
		A encrypts this Secret key with the Public key of B. Then he sends the encrypted secret key to B. Since the secret key is encrypted with B's public key, it can be decrypted only with B's Private key which is known only to him.
		Whatever A sends is encrypted with the secret key and B decrypts it with the same key.
	www.jguru.com /forums/view.jsp?EID=378929 (460 words)

	VeriSign
		Since the user must have a different key for every person they communicate with, they must trust each and every person with one of their secret keys.
		Since the public key of the sender was used to verify the signature, the text must have been signed with the private key known only by the sender.
		This way, only one Public Key, that of the certifying authority, has to be centrally stored or widely publicized, since then everyone else can simply transmit their Public Key and valid Digital ID with their messages.
	www.verisign.com /docs/pk_intro.html (1070 words)

	CS 513 System Security -- Public Key Cryptography
		The basic idea of a public key cryptosystem is to have two keys: a private (secret) key and a public key.
		That secret key is then encrypted using public key cryptography, and the encrypted message and key are sent.
		B sends this encrypted string back to A. A trys each of the million keys on the message it receives from B. The one that decrypts the message and obtains the pre-arranged string is the secret key that A will use henceforth to communicate with B. A wiretapper C could steal the million puzzles.
	www.cs.cornell.edu /courses/cs513/2000SP/L26.html (2205 words)

	RFC 2930 (rfc2930) - Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)
		A reasonable key naming strategy is as follows: If the key is generated as the result of a query with root as its owner name, then the server SHOULD create a globally unique domain name, to be the key name, by suffixing a pseudo-random [RFC 1750] label with a domain name of the server.
		The "key data" provided in the TKEY is used as a random [RFC 1750] nonce to avoid always deriving the same keying material for the same pair of DH KEYs.
		Methods of Encryption For the server assigned and resolver assigned key agreement modes, the keying material is sent within the key data field of a TKEY RR encrypted under the public key in an accompanying KEY RR [RFC 2535].
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2930.html (4371 words)

	codeWord: Secret Key Cryptography
		You use the same key for encryption and decryption; which is why the key needs to be kept 'secret'.
		However it uses several permutations; generates 16 keys from the first main key and then does a whole lot of stuff before coming up with the cipher text.
		May take days and months to crack the key for one message but it can be done.
	codeword.blogspot.com /2004/11/secret-key-cryptography.html (195 words)

	secret key algorithm - a Whatis.com definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		A secret key algorithm (sometimes called a symmetric algorithm) is a cryptographic algorithm that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data.
		A very simple example of how a secret key algorithm might work might be substituting the letter in the alphabet prior to the target letter for each one in a message.
		The problem with secret or symmetric keys is how to securely get the secret keys to each end of the exchange and keep them secure after that.
	whatis.techtarget.com /definition/0,289893,sid9_gci518887,00.html (236 words)

	Zvon - RFC 2930 [Secret Key Establishment for DNS (TKEY RR)] - General TKEY Considerations
		The establishment of such a shared key requires that state be maintained at both ends and the allocation of the resources to maintain such state may require mutual agreement.
		The means by which this shared secret keying material, exchanged via TKEY, is actually used in any particular TSIG algorithm is algorithm dependent and is defined in connection with that algorithm.
		In particular, if the query for a server assigned key is for a key to assert some privilege, such as update authority, then the query must be authenticated to avoid spoofing.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC2930/Output/chapter3.html (501 words)

	Secret key cryptosystems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Secret key cryptosystems are based on the sender and receiver using the same key to encrypt and decrypt messages [
		The main idea is getting the sender and receiver to agree on a secret key so that an adversary who intercepts the message should not get any significant information about the content of the message.
		In other words, the keys would have to be distributed over a secure channel prior to sending the message.
	www.csse.monash.edu.au /~skcho5/Thesis/node9.html (142 words)

	Manoj's Key-Signing Protocol
		To allow a potential key-signer know that a person is who he claims to be, that he has the passphrase of the key to be signed, and he receives email from at least one email address listed on his key.
		Everyone comes with lots and lots of slips of paper containing their name, email address, and key fingerprint of a key available on a public server (the alternative is a laptop and floppies, and people gather public keys on their floppy from other peoples floppies rather than downloading keys offline from public servers).
		There are potentially four secrets involved, two exchanged in the face to face meeting, a third created in the first email, and potentially a second created in the acknowledgment.
	people.debian.org /~jaqque/keysign.html (1306 words)

	Q4: What are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Public-Key Cryptography Compared with Secret-Key Cryptography?
		In a secret-key system, by contrast, the secret keys must be transmitted (either manually or through a communication channel), and there may be a chance that an enemy can discover the secret keys during their transmission.
		The public-key system can be used to encrypt a secret key which is used to encrypt the bulk of a file or message.
		Since the authority knows everyone's keys already, there is not much advantage for some to be "public" and others "private." Also, public-key cryptography is usually not necessary in a single-user environment.
	www.x5.net /faqs/crypto/q4.html (579 words)

	Secret Key Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This principle is known as Kerckhoffs' law — "only secrecy of the key provides security", or "the enemy knows the system".
		See the key size article for a fuller discussion.
		Diceware describes a method of generating fairly easy-to-remember, yet fairly secure, passphrases, using only dice and a pencil.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Secret_key (1034 words)

	jGuru: What is private key/symmetric/secret key cryptography?
		Since the key is the only data required to decrypt the ciphertext, it must be kept private/secret.
		Modern computer-based encryption is done by an algorithm (which is generally publicly available to anyone) and a secret (private) encryption key.
		In private key cryptography, the decryption key in the image below is identical to the encryption key in the image above.
	www.jguru.com /faq/view.jsp?EID=4311 (240 words)

	Private-Key Cryptography (Linktionary term) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Secret-key encryption uses one key, the secret key, that is used to both encrypt and decrypt messages.
		The term "private key" is often used inappropriately to refer to the secret key.
		With public-key encryption, a user has two keys, one that is made public and one that is held privately.
	www.linktionary.com /p/priv_key_cryp.html (126 words)

	Using Public-Key Cryptography for Secret Key Distribution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The secret keys used in conventional cryptography are characteristically small.
		If conventional secret keys are viewed as a kind of message, the encrypting of these keys using a public-key algorithm would not place an unnecessary burden on the processing of a computer system.
		Upon receipt, the secret key is decrypted using the recipient's private key.
	ftp.sunet.se /pub/security/docs/nistpubs/800-7/node213.html (415 words)

	Secret Language
		The key used with the algorithm to allow the plaintext to be both enciphered and deciphered.
		This process (the use of a key and a lock) is the method or algorithm.
		Now this method only works if you have the proper key to stick in the lock, and your key will be valid only as long as you are the resident of the particular abode.
	www.exploratorium.edu /ronh/secret/secret.html (2372 words)

	private key - a Whatis.com definition - see also: secret key (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In cryptography, a private or secret key is an encryption/decryption key known only to the party or parties that exchange secret messages.
		In traditional secret key cryptography, a key would be shared by the communicators so that each could
		In this system, a public key is used together with a private key.
	searchsecurity.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid14_gci212830,00.html (195 words)

	RFC 2845 (rfc2845) - Secret Key Transaction Authentication for DNS (TSIG)
		To be practical, this form of security generally requires extensive local caching of keys and tracing of authentication through multiple keys and signatures to a pre-trusted locally configured key.
		This proposal is unsuitable for general server to server authentication for servers which speak with many other servers, since key management would become unwieldy with the number of shared keys going up quadratically.
		A response indicating a BADTIME error MUST be signed by the same key as the request.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2845.html (3815 words)

	Secret Key Assurances (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		That is, Alice and Bob's encrypted files remain private between them as long as their secret key stays secret.
		Strong cryptography helps Alice and Bob feel assured their confidentiality (privacy) is being maintained because only someone who has their secret key can make sense of their shared electronic messages (see Figure 7-2).
		Figure 7-2 Confidentiality is like sending your secret in a safe; only the owner of the shared secret key can decrypt the message (open the safe).
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=21417 (548 words)

	KeyTools Pro v5.1 Developer's Guide - 17.17.2 Generating a shared secret key (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Next, the Diffie-Hellman object is PKCS#3 encoded, then DER coded, and sent to a second party (or saved to disk in this case).
		//The secret value will be a random byte array that is the same length as the //modulus (in this case, 512 bits).
		To get a Triple DES key, we can take the //first 168 bits.
	www.betrusted.com /downloads/products/keytools/v51/pro/j-docs/html/devguide/projdevguide-17.17.2.html (189 words)

	The Super-Secret Shift Key \| MetaFilter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In a related story, Dell announced that it is recalling every PC they've ever made so that they can remove all the "shift" keys.
		I've known for years that the way to prevent the execution of any CD's "autorun" application is to press the shift key, and I am not alone.
		The shift key work-around is not his innovation, so the student is not guilty of any law violation.
	www.metafilter.com /mefi/28872 (1141 words)

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