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| | Islamic Medical Manuscripts, Physiognomy 2 |
 | | A Latin translation of the Secret of Secrets from the Arabic was made in the mid-12th century by Joannes Hispalensis (preserved in some 150 copies) and again in the first half of the 13th century by Philippus Tripolitanus (preserved in more than 350 copies). |
 | | It was extremely influential in Europe, where it was known as the Secretum secretorum and formed the basis of subsequent translations into Czech, Croatian, German, Icelandic, English, Castilian, Catalan, Portuguese, French, and Italian. |
 | | 7-112; Grignaschi, M., 'La Diffusion du "Secretum Secretorum" (Sirr al-asrar) dans l'Europe occidentale', Archives d'histoire doctrinale et littéraire du Moyen Âge, vol. |
| www.nlm.nih.gov /hmd/arabic/physiognomy2.html (930 words) |
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