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Topic: Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography

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Quantum cryptography

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	Cryptographic Security by Swamping Adversaries with Quantum Information
		One approach is to use quantum-mechanical effects, and to try to base the security solely on the laws of quantum physics, without restricting the adversary’s power.
		On the other hand, while basing cryptography on computational assumptions allows for very efficient schemes, a major disadvantage of the Bounded-Storage Model is the immense amount of data that must be communicated (even for the honest users) in order to be able to swamp a potential adversary’s memory.
		Quantum mechanics provide a good platform for such an approach: on the one hand, according to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle, converting quantum information to classical information by measuring irreversibly destroys some of that information, and the challenge is to arrange it so that the adversary cannot afford this loss while honest users can.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw63/cramer.html (831 words)

	Quantum cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Quantum cryptography is an approach to securing communications based on certain phenomena of quantum physics.
		Unlike traditional cryptography, which employs various mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers from learning the contents of encrypted messages, quantum cryptography is focused on the physics of information.
		Quantum theory is believed to govern all objects, large and small, but its consequences are most conspicuous in microscopic systems such as individual photons, atoms and molecules.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Quantum_cryptography (2128 words)

	Communication
		Communication disorder A communication disorder is a communication.
		Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography (SECOQC) is a pr...
		Small-group communication In the context of interpersonal communication, it is futile to attempt an exact definition of...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/communication.html (973 words)

	Quantum cryptography
		The first is quantum key exchange, a method for securing communications based on quantum mechanics.
		The basic idea in quantum key exchange is to use the "noisy" properties of light to render incoherent an image that acts to complement a secret key.
		This is a particular approach to cryptography which appears to offer a very secure, albeit expensive, and low data rate, communications channel.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/quantum_cryptography (1947 words)

	echelon - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Australia hunts for communications originating in Indochina, Indonesia and southern China.
		By comparison, Canada's communications-intelligence operations are conducted by the Communications Security Establishment (CSE), a branch of the Canadian Department of National Defence.
		In April 2004, the European Union decided to spend 11 million EUR developing secure communication based on quantum cryptography — the SECOQC project — a system that would theoretically be unbreakable by ECHELON or any other espionage system.
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/echelon (1381 words)

	Quantum Cryptography Tutorial
		Quantum cryptography is an effort to allow two users of a common communication channel to create a body of shared and secret information.
		The advantage of quantum cryptography over traditional key exchange methods is that the exchange of information can be shown to be secure in a very strong sense, without making assumptions about the intractability of certain mathematical problems.
		This, then, is the overall approach to quantum transmission of information: the sender encodes it in quantum states, the receiver observes these states, and then by public discussion of the observations the sender and receiver agree on a body of information they share (with arbitrarily high probability).
	www.cs.dartmouth.edu /~jford/crypto.html (2404 words)

	EU seeks quantum cryptography response to Echelon
		Quantum cryptography takes advantage of the physical properties of light particles, known as photons, to create and transmit binary messages.
		The new system, known as SECOQC (Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography), is intended for use by the secure generation and exchange of encryption keys, rather than for the actual exchange of data, Monyk said.
		Experts in quantum physics, cryptography, software and network development from universities, research institutes and private companies in Austria, Belgium, Britain, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Switzerland will be contributing to the project, Monyk said.
	www.computerworld.com /printthis/2004/0,4814,93220,00.html (804 words)

	CQC Intro's : Quantum Cryptography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Originally the security of a cryptotext depended on the secrecy of the entire encrypting and decrypting procedures; however, today we use ciphers for which the algorithm for encrypting and decrypting could be revealed to anybody without compromising the security of a particular cryptogram.
		While classical cryptography employs various mathematical techniques to restrict eavesdroppers from learning the contents of encrypted messages, in quantum mechanics the information is protected by the laws of physics.
		Quantum cryptography provides means for two parties to exchange a enciphering key over a private channel with complete security of communication.
	www.qubit.org /library/intros/crypt.html (1258 words)

	CQC Intros: Quantum Communication (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Quantum physics allows the construction of qualitatively new types of logic gates, absolutely secure cryptosystems (systems that combine communications and cryptography), the cramming of two bits of information into one physical bit and, as has just been proposed, a sort of "teleportation", Here we describe the last two "miracles".
		Quantum mechanics is also nonlocal, in that distant and non-interacting systems may be entangled.
		Cloning (accurately copying) an unknown quantum state would be equivalent to a simultaneous sharp measurement of all observables of the system, including non-commuting ones, which is forbidden by the uncertainty principle.
	www.qubit.org /library/intros/comm/comm.html (986 words)

	Quantum cryptography offers secure data transfer (August 2004) - News & Analysis - fibers.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It's evident that quantum cryptography is rapidly moving out of the lab and into the telecoms mainstream.
		To understand why quantum cryptography is so secure, consider the scenario where a sender, Alice, wants to transfer a secret key to a receiver, Bob.
		While single-photon-based quantum keys are intrinsically unbreakable, without the availability of a true single-photon source, there will always be a finite number of cases in which more than one photon is emitted.
	fibers.iop.org /articles/news/6/8/1/1 (2295 words)

	Financial Cryptography: EU seeks quantum cryptography response to Echelon
		Quantum cryptography takes advantage of the physical properties of light particles, known as photons, to create and transmit binary messages.
		The new system, known as SECOQC (Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography), is intended for use by the secure generation and exchange of encryption keys, rather than for the actual exchange of data, Monyk said.
		Experts in quantum physics, cryptography, software and network development from universities, research institutes and private companies in Austria, Belgium, Britain, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Sweden and Switzerland will be contributing to the project, Monyk said.
	www.financialcryptography.com /mt/archives/000138.html (921 words)

	Toshiba : Press Releases 20 February, 2007
		Cryptography, the science of information security, is essential to protect electronic business communication and e-commerce, enabling, for example, confidentiality, identification of users and validation of transactions.
		Maintaining the ability to distribute keys securely is thus one of the most important battlefields in the cryptography arms race.
		Quantum cryptography allows users on an optical fibre network to refresh frequently their keys in a completely secret way.
	www.toshiba.co.jp /about/press/2007_02/pr2001.htm (1220 words)

	doing research with western balkan
		Secure communication is an essential need for companies, public institutions and in particular the individual citizen.
		On the other hand, with quantum cryptography a technology has been developed within the last decade that is provably secure against arbitrary computing power, and even against quantum computer attacks.
		Analysis will be based upon the collection and coding of aggregate level statistics, a sample survey of 18500 respondents and detailed environmental studies of 4 sub-regions: three in Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan and one in Chernobyl.
	www.bit.ac.at /russia/at_proj.htm (706 words)

	CAS researchers make advance in global secure quantum communication
		Quantum cryptography, a new approach to communications based on certain phenomena of quantum physics, is considered the absolute secure method in this regard.
		Although so far some encouraging progresses have been achieved in the fiber-based quantum cryptography in recent years, the exponential loss of photon with the length of optical fibers leads to the maximum expected distance of effective communication limited to about 100km.
		Based on this, the research team succeeded in carrying out the quantum communication with absolute security by distribution of the entangled pairs.
	it.chineseembassy.org /ita/kjhz/t195939.htm (666 words)

	Background: Sae Woo Nam - The World Technology Network
		Recently, the ultimate in secure communication systems (based on quantum cryptography or quantum key distribution) has moved from academic and government research labs into commercially available systems.
		In the optimum configurations, the communications is provably secure not only during the transmission, but also at any future point in time.
		Based on very recent laboratory results in my lab at NIST, we have been able to demonstrate a detector with this capability of counting the number of photons, the smallest, indivisible unit for light, in a faint pulse of light.
	www.wtn.net /2004/bio245.html (774 words)

	PCWorld.com - European Researchers Craft New Encryption
		The new system, known as Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography (SECOQC), is intended for use by the secure generation and exchange of encryption keys, rather than for the actual exchange of data, Monyk says.
		"The important thing about this project is that it is not based solely on quantum cryptography but on a combination with all the other components that are necessary to achieve an economic application," he says.
		Experts in quantum physics, cryptography, software, and network development from universities, research institutes, and private companies in numerous countries are contributing to the project, Monyk says.
	www.pcworld.com /news/article/0,aid,116156,00.asp (773 words)

	SECOQC - Development of a Global Network for Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography
		Abstract: A Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) network is currently implemented in Vienna by integrating seven QKD-Link devices that connect five subsidiaries of SIEMENS Austria.
		A detailed comparison of QKD with the solutions currently in use to solve the key distribution problem, based on classical cryptography, is provided.
		We believe that very fruitful research, involving both communities, could emerge in the future years and try to sketch what may be the next challenges in this direction.
	www.secoqc.net (444 words)

	security.itworld.com - E.U. seeks quantum cryptography response to Echelon
		The European Union is to invest �11 million (US $13 million) over the next four years to develop a secure communication system based on quantum cryptography, using physical laws governing the universe on the smallest scale to create and distribute unbreakable encryption keys, project coordinators said Monday.
		A political decision will have to be taken as to who those users will be in order to prevent terrorists and criminals from taking advantage of the completely secure communication network, he said.
		Banks, insurance companies and law firms could be potential clients, Monyk said, and a decision will have to be made as to whether and how a key could be made available to law enforcement authorities under exceptional circumstances.
	security.itworld.com /4361/040517euechelon/page_1.html (981 words)

	EU funds 'unbreakable code' research
		The European Union is to invest €11m over the next four years to develop a secure communication system based on quantum cryptography, using physical laws governing the universe on the smallest scale to create and distribute unbreakable encryption keys.
		This is an effort to cope with Echelon," said Christian Monyk, the director of quantum technologies at the Austrian company ARC Seibersdorf Research, and the overall coordinator of the project.
		The new system, known as Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography (SECOQC), is intended for use by the secure generation and exchange of encryption keys, rather than for the actual exchange of data.
	computerweekly.com /Articles/Article.aspx?liArticleID=202502&... (529 words)

	Financial Cryptography: May 2004 Archives
		FC'05 is announced with a new title "Financial Cryptography and Data Security." Vital statistics are 28th Feb to 3rd March, 2005, in Roseau, Dominica, East Caribbean, and submissions in the Call for Papers are due by 10th September, 2004.
		Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC'05) is the premier international forum for research, advanced development, education, exploration, and debate regarding security in the context of finance and commerce.
		In a rare arisal of a useful use of cryptography in real life, the mutual funds industry is looking to digital timestamping to save its bacon [1].
	www.financialcryptography.com /mt/archives/2004_05.html (9837 words)

	Security and Encryption Links
		Security product which functions by redefining reality to be what they want it to be, then solving a (somewhat minor) problem based on their reality rather than our one.
		Scam security company who stole security researchers' web pages and claimed they were company advisors, falsely claimed to be members of security organisations who had never heard of them, etc etc etc. Would you buy security services from an outfit like this?.
		Security(?) system where the participants are going to have more to fear from the DEA than the NSA.
	www.cs.auckland.ac.nz /~pgut001/links/products.html (4648 words)

	Secure Communication based on Quantum Cryptography... - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Secure_Communication_based_on_Quantum_Cryptography... (41 words)

	List of cryptography topics - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This page aims to alphabetically list articles that are primarily related to cryptography.
		There is a categorised and (somewhat) annotated list of the same articles in subject groupings at Topics in cryptography; it will probably be more useful to those attempting to make some sense of the field.
		Topics in cryptography — an analytical list of articles and terms.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /l/li/list_of_cryptography_topics.html (581 words)

	Echelon. - Army.com Forums
		Run by the UKUSA community, ECHELON can capture radio and satellite communications, telephone calls, faxes and e-mails nearly anywhere in the world and includes computer automated analysis and sorting of intercepts.
		In May 2001, the European Parliament produced a report on ECHELON [5] (http://cryptome.org/echelon-ep.htm) which, amongst other things, recommended that citizens of member states routinely use cryptography in their communications to protect their privacy.
		CESG does not manufacture security equipment, but works with industry to ensure the availability of suitable products and services, while GCHQ itself can fund research into such areas, for example to the Centre for Quantum Computing at Oxford University.
	www.army.com /forum/showthread.php?t=762 (1819 words)

	Macworld UK - EU takes quantum leap in security (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The European Union is to invest â¬11 million over the next four years to develop a secure communication system based on quantum cryptography, using physical laws governing the universe on the smallest scale to create and distribute unbreakable encryption keys, project coordinators said on Monday.
		The angle of vibration of a photon as it travels through space â“ its polarization â“ can be used to represent a zero or a one under a system first devised by scientists Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984.
		Messages encrypted using quantum mechanics can currently be transmitted over optical fibres for tens of kilometers.
	www.macworld.co.uk /news/main_news.cfm?NewsID=8692 (942 words)

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