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Topic: Security dilemma

	[No title]
		At the simplest level, security may be defined as "the quality or state of being secure," "freedom from danger," or "freedom from fear or anxiety." Of the many other levels on which one can analyze security, the most relevant here are individual, group, regional, national, and global.
		This security dilemma is what fueled the Cold War, the nuclear arms race, and indeed, it is much of what is fueling the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians, Indians and Pakistanis and North and South Korea.
		First, the model of the Prisoner's Dilemma is used to demonstrate that cooperation is more likely when the costs of being exploited and the gains of exploiting others are low, when the gains from mutual cooperation and the costs of mutual noncooperation are high, and when each side expects the other to cooperate.
	www.beyondintractability.org /essay/security (4008 words)

	Security dilemma - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In international relations, the security dilemma refers to a common situation wherein two or more states are drawn into conflict, possibly even war, over security concerns when none of the states involved actually wanted conflict.
		An example often cited of the security dilemma is the beginnings of World War I.
		The security dilemma is a popular concept with cognitive and constructivist theorists of international relations, who regard war as essentially arising from failures of communication.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Security_dilemma (291 words)

	The Korean Security Dilemma: Shifting Strategies Offer A Way
		The security dilemma paradigm provides a useful method for developing an alternative set of assumptions that violate the assumptions of the deterrence paradigm.
		In the context of the security dilemma, the military build-up (on both sides of the DMZ) is understandable.
		By breaking the cycle of the security dilemma while maintaining a legitimate deterrent capability, ascension to star status in that role may be possible.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/cc/reed.html (4961 words)

	Constructing Collective Security in Kosovo
		Security dilemma rules and security community rules are diametrically opposed to each other.
		The Security Council has acted in the past because a humanitarian disaster was a "threat to peace and international security" under Chapter VII of the UN Charter: Iraq in 1991; Bosnia and Somalia in 1992; Zaire, Rwanda, and Haiti in 1994; and Albania in 1997.
		Security Council action regarding Kosovo includes Resolution 1199, mandating an end to the acts of violence against civilians, a withdrawal of Yugoslav security units, a safe return of refugees, and free access of humanitarian relief organizations to persons in need.
	faculty.mckendree.edu /brian_frederking/papers/kosovo.htm (5350 words)

	redhat.com \| The Sisyphus security dilemma
		Given the rate of increase for security issues, is should be expected that without some sort of intervention, keeping your system properly updated is not going to be easy in the future.
		It is possible that a security issue could be discovered by an attacker and used to spread a worm before patches can be made available.
		None are able to solve all possible security issues, but they can help stop what we currently consider to be some of the most dangerous security issues.
	www.redhat.com /magazine/013nov05/features/sisyphus (1634 words)

	[No title]
		Conventional and nuclear arms races have been born of the security dilemma and sustained far beyond what might appear to be their logical extremes.
		In traditional security dilemmas, tanks, bombers, and soldiers could easily be counted and so some level of reason injected into debates among policymakers in the vulnerable state.
		Moreover, one traditional mechanism employed to temper the severity and duration of security dilemmas, namely the acquisition of forces and the adoption of policies which can only be construed as defensive, is much more difficult to use when talking of information warfare.
	security-protocols.com /textfiles/infosec/v1n9.txt (729 words)

	Security Council's Dilemma on Enforcement - Global Policy Forum - UN Security Council
		When the U.N. Security Council threatens the use of force to enforce its resolutions, it nearly always follows through, but history may not necessarily portend the use of force in Iraq, a longtime U.N. observer said.
		Though the Security Council has passed dozens of resolutions over the years that have not been carried out, "The vast majority of the time, it doesn't threaten what it can't follow through on," said Chesterman, who teaches international law at Columbia University's School of International Affairs.
		The U.N.'s chief weapons inspectors are to brief the Security Council Friday on Iraq's progress in complying with Resolution 1441, which demands Baghdad rid itself of its alleged weapons of mass destruction.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/0218sec.htm (882 words)

	washingtonpost.com: The Security Dilemma
		The administration clings to its own plans to rapidly train tens of thousands of new Iraqi security forces; Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kerry agrees but says it should be done better and faster.
		Iraq needs more American troops, and more of its own security forces and any other foreign allied troops that can be collected, and it needs them soon, to make possible the staging of elections by early next year.
		He should publicly and personally appeal to U.S. allies, in Europe and elsewhere, for help in providing the necessary security for elections; an extraordinary summit meeting on Iraq would be one way to do it.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A38017-2004May18?language=printer (645 words)

	Homeland Security Watch » New report looks at the ‘homeland security dilemma’
		Not because enhancing security makes terrorism more likely (although the incentive for terrorists to attack may increase as extremists feel duty-bound to demonstrate their ongoing relevance), but because enormous investments in security inevitably raise public expectations and amplify public outrage after subsequent failures.
		He concludes the report by admitting that he has no real recommendations about how to solve this homeland security dilemma, and dismisses the idea that it can be easily resolved either by giving better information to the public about the actual risks of terrorism or by more effective risk communication.
		The general public’s expectations for security are very high as a result of the organizational changes, increased spending, and confident rhetoric over the past four years - and these expectations magnify every watchdog report or bureaucratic misstep on homeland security into a front-page story.
	www.hlswatch.com /2006/06/15/new-report-looks-at-the-homeland-security-dilemma (734 words)

	Social Security: Frequently Asked Questions
		First, the cost of Social Security benefits has continued to rise due to cost-of-living adjustments, the skyrocketing costs of medical care and the fact that Americans are living longer.
		Guaranteeing the long-term solvency of Social Security as part of a broader commitment to the financial and medical well being of America's elderly is absolutely crucial to any transition to a smaller, optimum population.
		By working together to save Social Security and stop population growth, we can make sure that the aging of America in the next century will be the welcome beginning of a necessary transition to a smaller, more sustainable America.
	www.mnforsustain.org /social_security_faq_npg.htm (959 words)

	[No title]
		Conventional and nuclear arms races have been born of the security dilemma and sustained far beyond what might appear to be their logical extremes.
		In traditional security dilemmas, tanks, bombers, and soldiers could easily be counted and so some level of reason injected into debates among policymakers in the vulnerable state.
		Moreover, one traditional mechanism employed to temper the severity and duration of security dilemmas, namely the acquisition of forces and the adoption of policies which can only be construed as defensive, is much more difficult to use when talking of information warfare.
	www.cs.georgetown.edu /~denning/infosec/iw-essays/v1n9.txt (729 words)

	Security Dilemmas
		We are already seeing efforts by the Sudanese government and its friends to argue that the chapter VII authority extends only to force protection situations and support for the execution of the Darfur peace agreement.
		But the plain text of the resolution and the intent of the security council clearly are that Unamid should play an active role not only in maintaining peace, but also in protecting the vulnerable civilian population.
		The security council's intent flows from those aspects of the Darfur conflict which have set it apart as an international concern of special priority - notably, the massive, purposeful death and displacement at the hands of government forces and their janjaweed militia creation.
	securitydilemmas.blogspot.com (5568 words)

	Nautilus Institute Policy Forum Online: Security Dilemma, War Trap, and the South Protectorate over the North
		To counter the threat of preemption with preemption of its own is the ultimate and seemingly inevitable outcome of the traditional security dilemma facing Pyongyang and Washington.
		In classic international relations theory, the security dilemma simply means that statesmen cannot risk NOT reacting to the security actions of other states, but that in so reacting, they can produce circumstances that leave them worse off than before.
		Now it is time to redefine its security posture for the post-post Cold War era and extend its foreign policy to protect, not contain or deter, its Northern neighbor.
	nautilus.org /fora/security/0238A_Mansourov.html (2863 words)

	[No title]
		Worries over the health of the Social Security system have been on the minds of many government officials for some years now, and, in fact, the issue of Social Security reform was one of the key issues in many a campaign during the 2002 midterm elections.
		The Supplemental Security Income program was introduced in 1972, increasing benefits for certain categories of beneficiaries (primarily aged widows and widowers).
		Further, the plans could not call for the government itself to invest Social Security funds in the stock market, and proposals were to be made for individually controlled, voluntary, personal retirement accounts that would augment Social Security.
	www.texascapitalbank.com /SocialSecurityDilemma.html (1064 words)

	Nautilus Institute Policy Forum Online: Security Dilemma, War Trap, and the South Protectorate over the North
		Alexandre Y. Mansourov argues that as the security dilemma facing the United States and North Korea in the current nuclear standoff aggravates, they increasingly fall into the war trap.
		To counter the threat of preemption with preemption of its own is the ultimate and seemingly inevitable outcome of the traditional security dilemma facing Pyongyang and Washington.
		In classic international relations theory, the security dilemma simply means that statesmen cannot risk NOT reacting to the security actions of other states, but that in so reacting, they can produce circumstances that leave them worse off than before.
	www.nautilus.org /fora/security/0238A_Mansourov.html (2863 words)

	Cryptogram Newsletter [Rational analysis of today's Liberty vs. Security dilemma]
		Good security uses at least two different authentication types: an ATM card and a PIN code, computer access using both a password and a fingerprint reader, a security badge that includes a picture that a guard looks at.
		A security consultant could face life imprisonment, without parole, if he discovered and publicized a security hole that was later exploited by someone else.
		Security problems include: inaccurate information, insiders issuing fake cards (this happens with state drivers' licenses), vulnerability of the large database, potential privacy abuses, etc. And, of course, no trans-national terrorists would be listed in such a system, because they wouldn't be U.S. citizens.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/537075/posts (5672 words)

	Jon Christian Ryter -- The Social Security Dilemma
		The downside is their Social Security benefits will come almost directly out of your paycheck—you and 2.3 other commuters who will support each one of them.
		While they won't be eligible for reduced earnings from Social Security until they reach age 62—and full benefits when they reach 65, 66 or 67, many of them have company pensions that can be exercised after 20, 25 or 30 years of service even if they are only 55 years old.
		When Social Security was enacted, your benefits were based on the average income of five of the last ten years you worked.
	www.newswithviews.com /Ryter/jon117.htm (1855 words)

	The Inherent Dilemma of Security Consulting \| Lineman . Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It would seem there is a dilemma inherent to security consulting, a job with no such thing as a happy customer.
		We let the security consultant know this and still what we got for our money was some useless output from a Nessus scan that none of the non-technical folks, that would be seeing these reports, would comprehend.
		It would seem there is a dilemma inherent to security...
	lineman.net /node/512 (1333 words)

	The Social Security dilemma (phillyBurbs.com)
		When President George Bush announced an overhaul of Social Security would top his agenda during the next four years, he set the tone for what is expected to be a heated battle during his second term.
		AARP says Social Security remains the most important component of a "strong" retirement and that 60 percent of all retirees get more than half of their income from the program.
		Social Security will face a funding shortfall beginning in 2018 as more baby boomers retire, meaning the government's biggest benefit program will be paying out more in benefit checks than it is collecting in payroll taxes from current workers.
	www.phillyburbs.com /pb-dyn/news/113-11122004-399272.html (1136 words)

	Our security dilemma - Fiji Times Online
		We are now used to the cycles of tension between the military and the government which come and go, as if they have their own internal mitigating mechanism which create and diffuse tension.
		There should be another broader security forum consisting not only of cabinet members, also of the two security institutions (police and army), civilian experts on national security and representatives of relevant citizen groups.
		Uniformed and civilian national security experts engage in informed and research-based analysis of security matters and advise the government on matters of security interests, including parliamentary bills and national policies.
	www.fijitimes.com /story.aspx?id=50989 (1215 words)

	POLI 86: Note 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		If the defense has the advantage, the dilemma is less important because increases in offensive weapons tend to require less of a response in defensive weapons from neighbors (geography and technology influence this).
		In this context, whether or not we can differentiate defensive from offensive weapons, the security dilemma is still in effect, and I will argue that it is particularly so in the case of the BMD program.
		The whole message of the security dilemma is that actions that a country thinks of as defensive and security-building can easily be seen as threats by its neighbors, leading to a response that makes the country worse off in the end.
	www.fridaycenter.unc.edu /poli86demo/note06.htm (1414 words)

	Information Security Magazine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		This dilemma may be of special interest to the millions of users of Symantec's pcAnywhere—and the thousands of system administrators serving them.
		In addition, security is improved tremendously, since an attacker must access the host machine from that same static address.
		This permits establishing secure VPN connections with a compatible enterprise firewall, rather than trying to finesse the firewall to reach a host machine.
	infosecuritymag.techtarget.com /articles/1999/remote.shtml (1755 words)

	Confronting the Human Security Dilemma in the Niger Delta
		Whereas the traditional conception of security emphasizes territorial and political integrity as primary values that need to be protected, human security pertains above all to the safety and well being of “all people everywhere – in their homes, in their jobs, in their streets, in their communities and in their environment”.
		The Nigerian state in her case has failed to fulfil its security obligations to her citizens and is atimes seen as a source of threat to her citizens.
		This is why the goal of achieving and maintaining peace and security must be pursued along the pathway to development which is sustainable in economic, environmental, social and human terms, and which redresses the imbalances and inequities from which conflicts arise.
	www.waado.org /NigerDelta/Essays/PeaceMatters/CNNawards-onduku.html (3355 words)

	Scientists Face Security Dilemma
		The government is considering the idea of issuing of "guidance" on "how to handle and disseminate homeland security information," said Shana Dale, chief of staff and general counsel for Marburger's White House Office on Science and Technology Policy.
		It was apparent to many experts in both science and security, however, that the nuclear security concerns that prompted the 1985 directive were far different from the dangers posed by biological warfare agents.
		Instead, editors are reviewing manuscripts and, if they have national security concerns, are urging authors to modify them before publication or withdraw them.
	www.ph.ucla.edu /epi/bioter/scisecuritydilemma.html (1306 words)

	Airport security dilemma is over (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The nation's Transportation Security Administration handed down a directive Wednesday allowing airports to hire private security companies to replace the National Guardsmen who are taking their berets and uzis and marching out of the Aspen/Pitkin County Airport on Sunday.
		Once a private security firm is in place, the feds will fund the total of those costs as well.
		Elwood said he is in the process of taking bids from private security companies and he anticipates having a firm in place within "a matter of days." County commissioners approved the arrangement Wednesday afternoon.
	aspendailynews.com /Search_Articles/view_article.cfm?OrderNumber=4056 (473 words)

	Macomb Daily : Sports : In Our Opinion: Social Security dilemma 07/12/04
		The future of Social Security is sure to heat up presidential and congressional races and provide plenty of debate for Democratic and Republican leaders as they hammer out their platforms during this election year.
		An AARP analyst said raising the Social Security tax cap on payroll deductions is "the single most widely supported plan" to fund the program properly.
		But the longer Congress waits to revamp Social Security, the more dramatic a solution will be needed because there will less time to solve the problem.
	www.macombdaily.com /stories/071204/opi_edit001.shtml (607 words)

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