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	Idle Reduction - Thermo Fan INC
		Seebeck initially believed this was due to magnetism induced by the temperature difference.
		The proportionality constant (a) is known as the Seebeck coefficient, and often referred to as the thermoelectric power or thermopower.
		The proportionality constant, known as the Thomson coefficient is related by thermodynamics to the Seebeck coefficient.
	www.thermofan.com /thermoelectrics.html (718 words)

	Thermoelectric effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Peltier–Seebeck and Thomson effects are reversible (in fact, the Peltier and Seebeck effects are reversals of one another); Joule heating cannot be reversible under the laws of thermodynamics.
		The Seebeck effect is the conversion of heat differences directly into electricity.
		The Seebeck coefficients are non-linear, and depend on the conductors' absolute temperature, material, and molecular structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peltier-Seebeck_effect (1700 words)

	High temperature Seebeck Probes
		The Seebeck Coefficient may be used for the determination of defect-related properties of materials and it may also be used for monitoring of electrical properties as a function of time during reactions, such as adsorption, changes of non-stoichiometry, and equilibration.
		Seebeck coefficient is a basic quantity in the characterization of electronic structure of materials as well as their thermoelectric properties.
		The principle of the determination of Seebeck Coefficient is illustrated in Figure 4.
	www.sialon.com.au /high-temperature-seebeck-probes.htm (1217 words)

	The Seebeck Coefficient in Transition-Metal-Oxide-Perovskites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Using the Kubo linear response theory, expressions are derived for the microscopic electronic and electrothermal transport between nearest-neighbors.
		These microscopic transport coefficients are used to obtain the Seebeck coefficient for homogeneous systems.
		High and low temperature limits for the Seebeck coefficient, in which the average thermal energy kT is large or small in comparison to this interaction energy, are identified.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSMAR96/abs/S630010.html (169 words)

	Mechanical Alloying and Thermoelectric Materials
		The negative values of the Seebeck coefficient of the silver telluride alloys indicates that electrons are the majority carriers with the exception of nanocrystalline Ag Te
		It has been observed that there is not much difference in the Seebeck coefficient values of the as cast and the nanocrystalline alloys.
		This is due to drastic decrease in the electrical conductivity of the nanomaterials relative to that of the bulk.
	met.iisc.ernet.in /~kamanio/TEP.htm (468 words)

	Thermoelectrics (Intro to TE)
		The Seebeck coefficient (also called the thermopower) is the ratio between the elecric field and the temperature gradient (or equivalently, the ratio between the voltage difference and temperature difference between the ends of the sample).
		So measuring the Seebeck coefficient is a way to determine whether the charge carriers in a particular material are holes or electrons.
		The Peltier coefficient of the junction is a property depending on both materials and is the ratio of the power evolved at the junction to the current flowing through it.
	www.chem.cornell.edu /fjd3/thermo/intro.html (1078 words)

	Abstract Seebeck YFe2O4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Seebeck coefficients of YFe2O4.0 and YFe2O3.95 were measured from 190 K to 360 K. In YFe2O4.0 charge and spin orderings occur and in YFe2O3.95 only a spin ordering occurs and thus the effects of orderings on Seebeck coefficient were clearly observed in those oxides.
		At higher temperatures, coefficients of both specimens become negative and their absolute values increase with temperature as those of Ce3-xS4.
		The coefficient of YFe2O3.95 decreases as the temperature is decreased below the Neel temperature.
	www.ed.yama.sut.ac.jp /~ysakai/ronbun/see_yfe.html (78 words)

	Self-Powered Electronics: Thermal Energy Harvesting
		The Seebeck Effect was discovered by Thomas Johann Seebeck (1770-1831) in 1821 when he observed that a compass needle deflected when placed in the vicinity of a closed loop formed by two dissimilar metal conductors if the junctions where placed at different temperatures.
		The Seebeck Effect is important because it gives rise to the Seebeck Coefficient which is defined as the open circuit voltage produced between two points on a conductor where a uniform temperature difference of 1 degree exists.
		Maximum power generation is also highly dependent on the Seebeck Coefficient of the materials used as well as the temperature difference between the two opposing sides.
	www.ee.ic.ac.uk /eee2proj/lw604/Thermal/index.htm (1181 words)

	Thermoelectric Technical Reference
		The specified equation coefficients, applicable over a range of -100°C to +150°C, were derived from an industry-standard 71-couple, 6-ampere module.
		The magnitude of the resultant voltage, called the Seebeck emf, is proportional to the magnitude of the temperature difference.
		SMTc is the module's Seebeck coefficient at the cold side temperature Tc The electrical resistance of a thermoelectric module, as a function of temperature, can be expressed as third order polynomials for the two conditions (a) and (b):
	www.ferrotec.com /technology/thermoelectric/thermalRef11.php (1723 words)

	19.Effect of Ru substitution for Re on the thermoelectric properties of AlPdRe icosahedral quasicrystals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The measurements of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity were carried out for the samples of single phase.
		Electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured under a helium atmosphere at temperatures between 350 and 950 K by the four probe method and steady-state temperature gradient method, respectively.
		At X=0, 0.7, and 0.85, Seebeck coefficient in these samples is maximum at about 400 K. In the medium substitution (X=0.4, 0.55), Seebeck coefficient increases as temperature increases to about 700 K and then it decreases.
	www.lm-foundation.or.jp /english/abstract-vol37/abstract/19.html (1132 words)

	ULVAC Technologies, Inc. - Inspiring the Future.
		Thermal power generation is a method of generating power based on the thermoelectric effect which was discovered by J. Seebeck, German physicist in 1821.
		In the face of recent global warming caused by carbon dioxide and depletion of fossil fuels, thermoelectric conversion devices are attracting attention because of its effective utilization of waste heat energies.
		One unit can be used for simultaneous measurement of both Seebeck coefficient and electric resistance (resistivity).
	www.ulvac.com /thermal/zem.asp (216 words)

	APS - 2005 APS March Meeting - Event - In-plane anisotropy of Seebeck coefficient in slightly doped YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_y$ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The frequency dependence of the conductivity spectra indicates that the plasma frequency is isotropic and the resistivity anisotropy is caused by an anisotropic scattering rate [2].
		In the present work we measured in-plane anisotropy of the Seebeck coefficient in slightly doped YBCO.
		From the isotropic plasma frequency, which is proportional to $n/m^\ast$ in the Drude model, one expects that the Seebeck coefficient is isotropic.
	meetings.aps.org /Meeting/MAR05/Event/25951 (253 words)

	6068-6074 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Seebeck coefficient in a substrate varies with electron temperature such that it increases with increasing temperature.
		In this study, the Seebeck coefficient in a two-layer assembly exposed to laser short-pulse heating is considered.
		An abrupt change in the Seebeck coefficient occurs across the layers, despite the smooth decay of electron temperatures in this region due to the similar thermal properties of the layer materials.
	jjap.ipap.jp /link?JJAP/44/6068 (387 words)

	1400-1406 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		icosahedral clusters, β-boron was doped with V, Cr, Fe, Co or Zr, and the composition and temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient were investigated.
		The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of Co- and Zr-doubly-doped p-type β-boron are nearly determined by the Co content.
		The Seebeck coefficient as well as the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperatures up to room temperature, contrary to the cases of ordinary metals and semiconductors.
	www.sendai.kopas.co.jp /METAL/PUBS/thesis_j/j_abst/63-11/1400-1406.html (274 words)

	History
		) is known as the Seebeck coefficient, and often referred to as the thermoelectric power or thermopower.
		For both power generation and cooling the thermoelectric material needs to have high Seebeck coefficient (
		It can be shown that the efficiency of a thermoelectric material depends primarily on the thermoelectric figure of merit, defined as
	www.its.caltech.edu /~jsnyder/thermoelectrics/history_page.htm (809 words)

	Seebeck Coefficient (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The variation of electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of FeSi2, according to the density of the specimen has been observed...
		The following is my reply to the question as to why one might wish to measure the Seebeck coefficient of a typical dental amalgam, as posed by
		Complex oxide having high seebeck coefficient and high electric conductivity...
	www.seebeckeffect.info /info/Seebeck-Coefficient (312 words)

	207-212 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(0≤x≤1) was measured in the temperature range 78 K to 300 K. This coefficient always showed a large bend at about 160 K, irrespective of the magnetic properties of the sample studied.
		The differential temperature coefficient dS/ dT was found to decrease above this temperature (S>0).
		The usual single-band theory cannot explain this large bend, and we propose a percolation model in which metallic paths are composed of parallel-spin arrays, and semiconducting paths are composed of antiparallel-spin arrays.
	jpsj.ipap.jp /link?JPSJ/65/207 (217 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		An apparatus for measuring the Seebeck Coefficient of pellets of N'' and P'' types of lead tellurides was built and operated.
		The apparatus will measure the Seebeck Coefficient as a function of temperature in the range extending from 350 deg F up to the melting point of lead telluride.
		With proper operating technique and applying corrections for known systematic errors, the probable error in the results is less than 20%.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4701577 (171 words)

	Re: Amalgam and Seebeck Coefficient
		I recall hearing something about 350 millivolts somewhere before but I cannot remember where.
		Joel On Sun, 30 Nov 2003 15:10:30 +0000 (UTC), "Keith P Walsh" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote: >The following is my reply to the question as to why one might wish to >measure the Seebeck coefficient of a typical dental amalgam, as posed by >Professor Richard van Noort, dental Materials scientist at the >University of Sheffield, UK.
		> >And the principal thermoelectric property of a material is its Seebeck >coefficient (sometimes called "thermoelectric power", and measured in >volts per kelvin).
	www.usenet.com /newsgroups/sci.materials/msg00990.html (854 words)

	1145-1148 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Seebeck coefficient of Mg Si sintered at 823 K under 350 MPa was −366 μV/K at room temperature.
		However, the Seebeck coefficient of Co doped FeSi
		After sintering, the sample was heat treated at 973 K for 108 ks.
	www.sendai.kopas.co.jp /METAL/PUBS/thesis_j/j_abst/63-09/1145-1148.html (214 words)

	Apparatus for the rapid measurement of Seebeck coefficient
		Apparatus for the rapid measurement of Seebeck coefficient
		This paper describes an apparatus which has been designed for the rapid but accurate measurement of Seebeck coefficient at several points along the length of a sample.
		By a simple modification the measuring technique can be extended to cover a range of temperatures.
	stacks.iop.org /0950-7671/39/227 (276 words)

	Seebeck coefficient \| Thermoelectric News
		Many of us require the Seebeck coefficient for different
		‹ Re[2] Seebeck coefficientRe Re[2] Seebeck coefficient ›
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	www.zts.com /node/1292 (168 words)

	Advanced Materials & Processes: Measuring the Seebeck coefficient.(SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTION)(Advertisement)@ ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Join HighBeam Research with a FREE 7-day trial, and get unlimited access to over 3,000 trusted publications.
		Measure thermoelectric properties with the Seebeck coefficient measuring system from Ulvac.
		It automatically measures both the Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistance of bulk samples, thin sheet, or thin-film-deposited thermoelectric materials.
	highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:135506135&refid=ink_tptd_mag (118 words)

	Seebeck coefficient \| Thermoelectric News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Sent Friday, June 09, 2000 1152 AM Subject RE Seebeck coefficient
		Before I go on, let me say I favor the
		> > Many of us require the Seebeck coefficient for
	www.zts.com /node/1291 (422 words)

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