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Seed - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The seed coat in the mature seed can be a paper thin layer (as for example, in the peanut) or something more substantial (as for example, thick and hard in honey locust and coconut). In the latter case, the seed coat protects the seed from digestion, while perhaps weakening the seed coat such that the embryo is ready to sprout when it gets deposited (along with a bit of fertilizer) far from the parent plant. The function of a seed typically is one of serving as a delaying mechanism: a way for the new generation to suspend its growth and allow time for dispersal to occur or to survive harsh, unfavorable conditions of cold or dryness or both. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Seed   (762 words)

MSN Encarta - Seed Seeds of the angiosperm, or flowering plant, differ from those of the gymnosperm, or conifer and related plants, in being enclosed in the ovary that later forms a fruit; gymnosperm seeds lie exposed on the scales of the cones. Surrounding the seed is a hard, tough seed coat, derived from the integument of the ovule and known as the testa. Some seeds, in addition, have projects from the seed coat that serve to aid in the absorption of water when the seed is about to germinate or that merely form an additional protective coating about the seed. encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761557802   (805 words)

2002F_lect17_seed   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) The seed is a mature ovule that contains an embryo (2n, combination of maternal and paternal genes), endosperm (3n) and the seed coat (2n, exclusively maternal genes). The mature seed coat often shows the micropyle (which of course is closed by then, but often the structures such as hilum, is the weakest part of seed coat through which water is absorbed and the radicle protrude when the seed initiate germination). Because large seeds are attractive resources to many seed eating animals (including humans), they are often defended with thick seed coat and endocarps, and often with secondary compounds that are poisonous (e.g., an alkaloid, theobromin, in cacao beans) or dietary inhibiting (e.g., tannins in acorns). www.clas.ufl.edu /users/kitajima/BOT2010/2002F_lect17_seed.HTM   (1207 words)

GRDC - Crop Doctor - Seed coats wearing thin (West, 15 Sept 2004)   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) In the case of lupin seed coat, or hull, and pod wall, the latter is certainly true. Thinner seed coat and pod wall genotypes have been identified in germplasm and mutant populations, which are now being crossed to produce improved genotypes able to be rapidly incorporated into the lupin breeding program. Seed coat percentage, which appears not to differ, on average, between wild or domestic and hard seeded or soft seeded varieties, was low in wild plants from Turkey, Greece and Cyprus and pod wall was lower in plants from Spain, Cyprus and Greece. www.grdc.com.au /growers/cd/west/western_region04034.htm   (357 words)

Learn more about Seed in the online encyclopedia.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) A seed is the ripened ovule of a gymnosperm or angiosperm. Gymnosperm seeds develop "naked" on the bracts of cones, although those of the yew have a fleshy coat called an aril. These seeds have a tough protective outer-coating so that while the fruit is digested, the seeds will pass through their host's digestive tract intact, and grow wherever they fall. www.onlineencyclopedia.org /s/se/seed.html   (477 words)

* Seed coat - (Gardening): Definition seed coat - The integuments of the, which are the ovule's old coverings, harden and become the seed's protective coat. seed (use a file, sharp knife or sandpaper to carefully cut through the tough seed coat) to speed germination, which may take 3 weeks or more. A phenomenon that occurs when the embryo breaks through the seed coat (and defies natural growth inhibitors, such as are present in tomato and other fruit seeds) to begin growing, sometimes while the fruit is still attached to the parent plant... en.mimi.hu /gardening/seed_coat.html   (423 words)

Seed Germination and Dormancy   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Seed dormancy may be due to the presence of the seed coat. Basically, physical seed coat dormancy prevents the embryo inside from imbibing water thus the seed coat is impervious to the uptake of water. The deeper the seed is in soil the closer it is in proximity to moisture which is a requirement for survival in desert environments. www.pssc.ttu.edu /plantprop/lecnotes/section2/topic7.htm   (1579 words)

Soybean seed coat mottling Sometimes, seeds infected by SMV may have seed coat mottling, a dark discoloration from the hilum (the scar marking the attachment point of the ovule), and this symptom may be used to identify SMV. However, coat mottling should not be used as a main symptom for SMV identification because of inconsistency between coat mottling and SMV infections. In Iowa the primary inoculum of SMV consists of infected seedlings from infected seeds. www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/icm/1998/6-1-1998/soymottle.html   (498 words)

Overcoming Seed Dormancy: Trees and Shrubs Seed dormancy is nature's way of setting a time clock that allows seeds to initiate germination when conditions are normally favorable for germination and survival of the seedlings. For mechanical scarification, seed coats can also be filed with a metal file, rubbed with sandpaper, nicked with a knife, or cracked gently with a hammer to weaken the seed coat. Germination is inhibited by an impermeable seed coat and embryo dormancy. www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/hort/hil/hil-8704.html   (1315 words)

AllRefer.com - seed (Botany, General) - Encyclopedia Seeds are frequently confused with the fruit enclosing them in flowering plants as in the grains and nuts. The period of dormancy undergone by many seeds before germination also varies; the mangrove seed may sprout inside a fruit still hanging on the tree, while the seeds of a sacred lotus found embedded in peat in Manchuria were viable after 2,000 years. In plant breeding, the source of pollen for fertilization is carefully controlled to produce the desired qualities in seed; under natural conditions a plant grown from seed may be quite different genetically from its maternal plant (see fertilization). reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/seed.html   (280 words)

Seed Germination   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Seeds taken from the wild, however, are frequently endowed with deeper forms of dormancy. If their seed coat is very thin, their evolution may have arrived at a completely different response. Such a seed needs an association with fungi in the soil or other environments to feed the developing embryo until the embryo is mature enough to actually penetrate the seed coat. koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu /seedg/seed.html   (1219 words)

Role of the seed coat (from seed and fruit) --  Encyclopædia Britannica There are at least three ways in which a hard testa may be responsible for seed dormancy: it may (1) prevent expansion of the embryo mechanically (pigweed); or (2) block the entrance of water; or (3) impede gas exchange so that the embryos lack oxygen. Essentially, a seed consists of a miniature, undeveloped plant (the embryo), which, alone or in the company of stored food for its early development after germination, is surrounded by a protective coat... Seed beetles are oval or egg shaped, 1 to 10 millimetres (up to inch) in length, and fl or brown in colour. www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=75930   (993 words)

Seed Germination Database Sow the seeds in moist sand, pressing them into the sand until only a small part of the fl seed is visible and grow in a temperature of 75 degrees F in the dark and ensure that the sand always remains moist. The seeds should be sown on the surface of the moist compost, covered to their recommended depth if necessary and the container is then placed inside a Polythene bag after which the end is sealed with an elastic band. The seeds are best sown in containers of free draining compost and placed in a cold frame or plunged up to their rim outdoors in a shaded part of the garden, preferably on the north side of the house avoiding cold drying winds and strong sun. www.backyardgardener.com /tm.html   (11350 words)

Seed A seed contains the embryo from which a new plant will grow under proper conditions. The seed coat in the mature seed can be a paper thin layer (for example, peanut) or something more substantial. A Seed in Final Fantasy VIII is a mercenary working for a Garden. www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/se/seed.html   (556 words)

How to Germinate Seed for Bonsai   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) When the seed finally germinates, remove it from the bag and sow, one at a time if necessary, and this is often the case. There are a few woody species that have hard seed coats that will not allow water to pass to begin the pre-treatment process, or the embryo to expand. For seed that does not take long to pretreat such as Cedrus I don't even use paper towels or other media, I soak the seed, dry it in the sun for about fifteen minutes until the outer husk feels dry to the touch and put it in a baggie and into the fridge. www.evergreengardenworks.com /seed.htm   (1866 words)

Great Plant Escape - Germination Seeds remain dormant or inactive until conditions are right for germination. When a seed is exposed to the proper conditions, water and oxygen are taken in through the seed coat. Then the seed coat breaks open and a root or radicle emerges first, followed by the shoot or plumule that contains the leaves and stem. www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /gpe/case3/c3facts3.html   (188 words)

Research Program - Soybean Seed Coat Genentics Seed quality characteristics affect the value and utilization of the crop. The seed coat and pericarp tissues determine many important quality traits, such as lustre, permeability and resistance to seed-borne diseases. Determined that the most abundant soluble protein in the seed coat, an anionic peroxidase enzyme, is localized to a special cell layer. res2.agr.ca /london/prog/gen3_e.htm   (211 words)

Isolation and Characterization of Mutants Defective in Seed Coat Mucilage Secretory Cell Development in Arabidopsis -- ... The epidermal layer of the wild-type seed coat of Arabidopsis is marked both by cell morphology and the presence of mucilage. Monosaccharide composition of wild-type and mutant seeds and mucilage. Seed (100 mg) was stirred in 1.5 mL of 0.5% (w/v) ammonium oxalate (Sigma, Oakville, Ontario, Canada) at 80°C for 1 h. www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/127/3/998   (8193 words)

Patterning of Virus-Infected Glycine max Seed Coat Is Associated with Suppression of Endogenous Silencing of Chalcone ... The color of mottling on the Jack seeds was weaker than that observed on the TH seeds (Figure 1A). Fourth, the incidence of seed coat mottling by CMV infection Sequence divergence at chalcone synthase gene in pigmented seed coat soybean mutants of the Inhibitor locus. www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/16/4/807   (6274 words)

Western Farm Press: Many factors weigh seed coat fragment grower discounts   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Seed coat fragments entangled in lint have once again become a contaminant issue with San Joaquin Valley cotton, and once again the controversy swirled around new varieties. In the past Maxxa in the early 1990s and earlier Germain's 510 were implicated' as varieties prone to seed coat fragments, a problems that can result in lint discounts of two to 10 cents per pound, according to Calcot's vice president of sales Bruce Groefsema. "Seed coat fragments were found in seven-tenths of 1 percent of SJV bales last season. www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0DGM/is_5_23/ai_73327125   (713 words)

The TRANSPARENT TESTA12 Gene of Arabidopsis Encodes a Multidrug Secondary Transporter-like Protein Required for ... The subpathway leading to the formation of flavonoid pigments in the Arabidopsis seed coat is indicated by boldface arrows; thin arrows represent an alternative subpathway that functions predominantly in Arabidopsis vegetative parts. Mature seed subtle color nuances (as they appear in [A], [C], and [D]) are likely to vary slightly with the conditions of plant culture, the age of seed lots, and photograph conditions. (A) Mature seeds of the wild-type (WT) and the tt12 mutant. www.plantcell.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/853   (8464 words)

SCDC / CGDP 9604 / Reduction Of Fibre In Canola Meal Through Inhibition Of Lignin Biosynthesis In The Seed Coat   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) The goal of this research was to genetically engineer canola plants with a modification in the metabolic pathway responsible for the biosynthesis of lignin such that the quantity of this indigestible component of the meal be reduced. This indicated that the proposed metabolic intervention had been successful and further microscopic analysis of the developing seed was performed, a representative photograph is attached and demonstrated that the deposition of lignin in these seed had, indeed, been inhibited. Brassica plants transformed with vector #3 indicated that the tobacco seed coat promoter was driving GUS expression in flowers, as well as leaves and seed, and we concluded that this leaky expression may have led to the aberrant flowering and seed set phenotypes. www.scdc.sk.ca /php-bin/articles/p004.html   (756 words)

lb4pg12   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) One is the development of the seed and the other is the development of the fruit. The seed development consists of a conversion of the integument of the ovule into a resistant seed coat, the development of the endosperm, and the development of the embryo. A section through a nearly mature seed will reveal an embryo consisting of two large cotyledons with a small epicotyl between them attached the hypocotyl (Slide #47). io.uwinnipeg.ca /~simmons/lb4pg12.htm   (274 words)

Seeds and seed germination   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Seeds: an embryo plant and stored food enclosed by a protective seed coat a germination inhibitor (chemical) in the seed coat or the embryo itself and/or the lack of the necessary growth promoter : stage of development that begins with the imbibition of the seed and ends with the growth of the radicle through the seed coat lsvl.la.asu.edu /plb108/khintze/Oct9.htm   (243 words)

Jurassic Park Plants These primitive seed plants are called gymnosperms (naked seeds) because their seeds are not enclosed in a ripened fruit as in flowering plants. The seed is enclosed by a seed coat that consists of an outer fleshy layer (the color of a ripe apricot), a more compact and thinner inner fleshy layer, and a hard stony middle layer that constitutes the "shell" of a mature seed. Because the seeds are rather foul-smelling, especially when they fall to the ground, male trees are considered more desirable for landscaping around houses. waynesword.palomar.edu /ww0803.htm   (5551 words)

Soybean Maturity Genes Associated with Seed Coat Pigmentation and Cracking in Response to Low Temperatures -- Takahashi ... and is therefore tolerant to the seed coat pigmentation, the Hokkaido Department of Agriculture Factor analysis of seed quality deterioration in rice and legume plants in response to weather fluctuation in 1997. Okabe A. Inheritance of seed coat cracking and effective selection method for the resistance in soybean. crop.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/39/6/1657   (3286 words)

Seed coat morphology and its systematic implications in Cyanea and other genera of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) -- Buss ... Seed coat morphology and its systematic implications in Cyanea and other genera of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) -- Buss et al. Seed coat morphology and its systematic implications in Cyanea and other genera of Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) Seed coat morphology also supported the monophyly of www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/abstract/88/7/1301   (316 words)

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