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Topic: Seeding

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	Seeding
		Seeding is the metering and distribution of seed either by broadcasting on the soil surface or by placing seed into the soil at a predetermined depth.
		Drill seeding places the seed in the soil at targeted depths and covers the seed, thereby increasing the probability of seedling germination and emergence.
		Seeding rate is determined by the amount of seed flowing through the adjustable door opening on the gate box, speed of the aircraft, and swath width.
	reveg-catalog.tamu.edu /09-Seeding.htm (2047 words)

	Seeding
		Between August 15 and September 15 is optimum seeding time in the northern half of Indiana; from September 1 to September 30 is optimum in the southern half of Indiana.
		This is defined as "dormant seeding" because the seed will lie dormant until the soil temperatures warm in April or May. Depending on your location in Indiana, dormant seeding can be done as early as Thanksgiving and as late as March.
		The benefit of dormant seeding is that as the soil heaves and cracks during the winter, crevices are created for the seeds, which create ideal germination conditions.
	www.bowmansproturf.com /seeding.shtml (964 words)

	Publication: Seeding Alfalfa
		Double seeding - seeding one-half of the seed while driving in one direction and the other half while driving at a right angle to the first pass - often results in more seedling ground cover and may improve success on erosive or potentially weedy sites.
		Seeding equipment that places seed between two corrugated rollers works well on fine to medium-textured soils that have good moisture retention and a low erosion potential.
		Seeding rate often must be increased 25 percent to 50 percent for similar stand success.
	www.ianrpubs.unl.edu /epublic/pages/publicationD.jsp?publicationId=97 (3182 words)

	North American Weather Consultants - Cloud Seeding Frequently Asked Questions
		Cloud seeding (also known as weather modification) is the deliberate treatment of certain clouds or cloud systems with the intent of affecting the precipitation process(es) within those clouds.
		Seeding materials are applied in very small amounts relative to the size of the geographic areas being affected, so the concentrations of the seeding materials in rainwater or snow are very low.
		The cost of cloud seeding varies greatly, depending on a large number of factors, such as which seeding methods and materials are appropriate to a specific application, the frequency of seedable conditions, the size of the intended area of effect and the duration of the project.
	www.nawcinc.com /wmfaq.html (2227 words)

	Modification of the Weather By Cloud Seeding
		In this case, it would mean a series of seeding operations to improve the ground’s moisture before the drought and may accelerate the recovery of the land by increasing the rainfall as the weather begins to return to normal.
		By comparing the yields from before and after the seeding begun, it was found that cloud seeding had increased their yields by 46% in the target area.
		Hail can be reduced by effectively seeding a thunderstorm which causes most of the supercooled water to freeze and hence halt the accelerated growth of the ice crystals already present.
	members.tripod.com /ogston/seeding.html (2427 words)

	Cloud Seeding
		Compared to the non-seeded cells, the seeded clouds increased in height by 7%, rainfall coverage increased by 43%, duration of storms increased 36%, and volume of rain increased 130% (Rosenfeld and Woodley, 1993).
		Cloud seeding got its start in 1946 when Dr. Vincent J. Schaefer, working at the General Electric Laboratory in New York, was involved with research to create artificial clouds in a chilled chamber.
		Cloud seeding is thought to increase the number of these nuclei available to take greater advantage of the moisture in the cloud and form raindrops that otherwise would not have formed.
	www.edwardsaquifer.net /cloudseeding.html (1023 words)

	Seeding
		A seeding of 50 pounds of Kentucky bluegrass per acre with 0.1% crop on the label is like spreading 60,000 timothy seeds or 235,000 bentgrass seeds.
		In seedings made very late in fall where the lawn is not fully established by winter, avoid applying a preemergence herbicide in early spring because it may damage late-developing seedlings.
		This is defined as "dormant seeding" because the seed will lie dormant until the soil temperatures warm in April or May. Depending on your location, dormant seeding can be done as early as Thanksgiving and as late as March.
	pasture.ecn.purdue.edu /~epados/lawn/src/grass/seeding.htm (3267 words)

	Weather Modification Frequently Asked Questions
		Seeding is intended to introduce into the cloud many more of these ice crystals (also called cloud nuclei) to allow much more of the moisture supply within the cloud to be converted into rainwater.
		If cloud seeding is done in the midst of a bad drought and results are not satisfactory, the inclination after a few months is often to deduce that cloud seeding, because it does not appear to have delivered the desired results, should be discarded.
		A statistical analysis of seeded clouds in Texas during 2005 (a total of 494) estimated that an additional 129,272 acre-feet of water was generated by the seeding of single-cell thunderstorms.
	www.license.state.tx.us /weather/weatherfaq.htm (3156 words)

	CHA Tournament Seeding Guidelines (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The purpose of having a seeding system is to reward the players that are participating in the tournaments scheduled.
		For the purposes of seeding, there is no distinction made between 3-Wall and 4-Wall events or between Singles and Doubles events.
		In any specific tournament, the player who takes first place in the top bracket for their age group should be seeded #1 the following year in order to allow them to defend their title.
	www.cohandball.com /SeedingGuidelines.htm (401 words)

	P1588 Direct Seeding: A Forest Regeneration Alternative
		Direct seeding is when seed from a desirable species of tree are planted on an area by hand or from the air.
		In pine seeding, a fire rake is often used to clear a spot on the ground, usually 1 to 2 feet in diameter, and 5 to 8 seeds are dropped in the clearing.
		A successful seeding operation is one that results in 1,000 to 3,000 seedlings per acre with 55 percent stocking rates.
	msucares.com /pubs/publications/p1588.htm (2524 words)

	Azureus : Java BitTorrent client - Seeding Rules
		Seeding rules introduce a smarter calculation of what torrent needs seeding, instead of just starting the next one in the list, and sort torrents based on a Seeding Rank.
		The rest will remain in a queued state, ready to be started once a seeding torrent drops in ranking, or completes in some other way (seeding rules).
		The main reason for "First Priority" is to allow continuation of seeding after a torrent moves from downloading to seeding.
	azureus.sourceforge.net /seedingrules.php (981 words)

	Quality Seeding - Hydro Seeding
		Conventional seeding techniques could not seed the steep hillsides created by highway construction and hydro seeding was the answer.
		Some of the seeds that can be hydro seeded are turf grasses such as bluegrass, rye grass, fescue, centepede, bermuda, bahia, pasture mixes, timothy, millet, clover, crown vetch, native grasses, and wildflower mixes.
		If the seeding project is a lawn or turf type application the preparation should result in a smooth, rock free, slightly loose soil condition that is at the desired final grade and contour.
	www.qualityseeding.com /HydroSeeding.htm (1414 words)

	Hygroscopic Seeding
		One method of seeding clouds to enhance precipitation is to introduce hygroscopic particles (salts) which readily take on water by vapor deposition in a supersaturated cloudy environment.
		Seeding trials with this system suggested that the pyrotechniques produced a cloud droplet spectrum that was broader and with fewer numbers, which would be expected to increase the chance for initiation of collision and coalescence processes.
		He argued that hygroscopic seeding initiated precipitation lower in the clouds, which, in turn, was not dispersed horizontally as much as the unseeded clouds by vertical wind shears.
	rams.atmos.colostate.edu /gkss_node4.html (1034 words)

	STEEP - Nutrient Cycling and Management in Direct Seeding Systems
		In a direct seeding system, seeding and fertilizer application are achieved in a single pass across the field without any pre-seeding tillage or soil disturbance.
		Low disturbance direct seeding, sometimes referred to as no-till or zero-till, utilizes an opener system such as discs or knives which create very little soil disturbance and leaves much of the residue intact on the soil surface, but control of weeds is reliant upon pre-seeding herbicide application.
		Broadcasting of fertilizer was not an efficient alternative, due to high gaseous losses of nitrogen, nutrient tie-up during surface residue decomposition, and stranding of nutrient in the dry surface layer of the soil.
	pnwsteep.wsu.edu /directseed/conf2k2/dscschoenau.htm (1702 words)

	Cloud Seeding to Modify the Weather (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Cloud seeding can be carried out by using generators on the ground which disperse the particles upward, or by dropping it out of planes, directly into the cloud system.
		The seeding materials are applied to the clouds (sometimes targeted very carefully into very specific portions of the clouds) so that the material has adequate time to affect the precipitation process.
		Seeding materials are applied in very small amounts relative to the size of the geographic areas being affected.
	www.water.denver.co.gov /cloud_seeding.html (1123 words)

	Improving Forage-Legume Stand Establishment With New Seeding Methods
		Polymer coated seed was dormant seeded on 22 November and bare seed on 2 December in 2002.
		The few plants that resulted from dormant seeding generally were less competitive with weeds for growth resources than the more numerous plants that were established in the Spring.
		Dormant seeding seems to be a risky practice for establishing forage legume stands in southwestern North Dakota under conditions similar to those encountered during this study.
	www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu /dickinso/research/2003/agron03e.htm (2322 words)

	Seeding Rate for Pastures
		This plot was seeded to bare ground in one-acre increments with no cover crop on April 28, 1999.
		Due to the various seed sizes the seeding rates varied from 25-30 lbs./acre on the normal seeding rate and 50-60 lbs./acre on the high seeding rate.
		Our assumption for this lack of response was the high seeding rate had double the plants utilizing an equal amount of N that the normal seeding rate was using so would not respond in the same manner.
	uwex.edu /ces/forage/wfc/proceedings2001/seeding_rate_for_pasture.htm (640 words)

	Seeding Rates for Crabgrass
		The 5- and 10-lb PLS broadcast seeding rates produced earliest forage at 1,045 and 1,506 lb/ac, which was about double the early forage compared to the 1- and 2-lb rates (Table 2).
		In summary, the most practical seeding rates of crabgrass considering seedling density, ground cover, grass height, and production tended to be the 2 lb and 5 lb PLS/ac broadcast and 2 lb PLS/ac rowed plantings.
		The seeding rates of 1 lb to 5 lb PLS/ac tended to be the most economical.
	www.noble.org /Ag/Research/Articles/SeedRates4CG (719 words)

	pioneer, opportunities, in, variable, rate, seeding, of, corn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		For a variable-rate seeding strategy to be effective, growers must know the relationship between plant population and grain yield for all planting zones within their fields.
		Even though this 33-acre field was seeded at a uniform rate of 30,000 seeds per acre, resulting plant populations measured in individual counts varied from 21,000 to 31,000 plants per acre.
		Clearly, there is considerable room for improvement in selecting seeding rates that will achieve recommended plant populations of at least 26,000 plants per acre in all parts of variable fields.
	www.pioneer.com /CANADA/pro_services/mmax/variable_rate_challenges.htm (718 words)

	USATODAY.com - Scientists excited about cloud-seeding project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Millions of dollars is already being spent in a number of states, especially in the West, to spew silver iodide, or dry ice, into storm clouds in order to coax more rain and snow to fall.
		In a letter recently to Interior Secretary Gale Norton, representatives of the seven states — Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming — identified cloud seeding as a key component for dealing with or averting future water shortages brought on by the strain of population growth in the West.
		The project is in its early stages, and no cloud seeding is expected to begin until next year.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/research/2005-12-19-cloud-seeding_x.htm (849 words)

	Seeding a New Lawn
		Generally, seeding should be done from mid- August to mid-September.
		The rough grading should be done well in advance of seeding to allow settling to occur.
		For additional information on seeding a new lawn, consult the publications Pm-1072, Establishing a Lawn from Seed, and Pm-1067, Which Grass Is Best for Your Lawn?, which are available at your local county extension office.
	www.ipm.iastate.edu /ipm/hortnews/1992/7-29-1992/lawnseed.html (666 words)

	John Deere Equipment : Seeding Tools : John Deere
		When your seeding window opens, these are the characteristics you count on in your seeding equipment.
		Advanced Technology, combined with the best brain-power in the industry, was put to use to develop tools that are more reliable, more timely, and above all, more productive.
		You can choose seeding tools ranging from the 1895 Separate Fertilizer Placement Air Drill used in conjunction with the 1910 Commoditity Air Cart, to the 1690 CCS No-till Air Drill.
	www.deere.com /en_AU/equipment/ag/seeding/fullpage.html (92 words)

	Forage Selection Seeding Guide
		The appropriate range of times to seed the grass crops and suggested seeding rates are found in Table 2 (Seeding dates and rates for pure stands of forage grasses).
		Careful selection of seeding time is, of course, important because planting earlier or later than the suggested seeding dates usually results in the young seedlings being killed by drought in the summer or cold weather in the winter.
		Table 5 (Seeding rates for grass-legume mixtures) provides the seeding rates of the grasses and legumes to be used in the selected mixture.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/forages/publications/ay253.htm (2523 words)

	Seeding Your Lawn
		Sodding is expensive but offers an instant carpet of grass that can be used within weeks, can be installed in difficult places such as areas that are steep or heavily trafficked and can be installed almost any time during the growing season.
		You may get a stand of grass if you simply spread the seed over bare ground, but it will have to struggle to get an adequate root system and will be thinner and less resistant to disease and winter damage.
		You may see a soft green flush within a few days of seeding, but the majority of the grass will germinate in a week to 10 days.
	www.bachmans.com /retail/tipsheets/lawn/seedingyourlawn.cfm (974 words)

	Seeding & Sodding Lawns - Lawn Challenge - University of Illinois Extension
		Assuming planting is done properly, the end result of a healthy lawn should be the same whether establishing via seeding or sodding.
		Seeding in late spring through mid-summer often leads to problems.
		Newly seeded grasses must receive adequate moisture to assure germination and early seedling survival.
	www.urbanext.uiuc.edu /lawnchallenge/lesson3a.html (375 words)

	Precision Seeding for Vegetable Crops
		Precision seeding is defined as the placing of desired numbers of seeds at a precise depth and spacing.
		However, the seeding accuracy is not a substitute for proper land preparation, irrigation, and other crop management practices necessary to obtain a good stand of a vegetable crop.
		Precision seeding requires good seedbed preparation to provide a uniform environment for the seed to swell, germinate and emerge.
	www.ces.ncsu.edu /depts/hort/hil/hil-36.html (880 words)

	Lawn Maintenance: Best Lawn: Seeding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Areas to be seeded will be power raked to loosen the soil and prepare the seedbed.
		The area will then be power raked "lightly" going in the opposite direction to set the seed in the seed bed insuring good seed soil contact.
		This method of seeding is most effective for shady areas.
	www.bestlawninc.com /seeding.htm (115 words)

	Forages - No-till forage seeding, establisment
		The greatest advantage of no-till forage seedings following corn is that they permit early planting, which in turn allows emerging forage seedlings to compete more effectively with germinating annual weeds.
		For adequate soil cover, plant alfalfa, red clover, or crownvetch (alone or with grasses) as soon as the soil surface is dry enough for good soil flow around the drill openers.
		Delay birdsfoot trefoil seedings until April or late May (2 to 3 weeks after normal earliest seeding dates for alfalfa or red clover).
	agguide.agronomy.psu.edu /cm/sec8/sec89c.cfm (705 words)

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