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Topic: Segment (linguistics)

	Segment (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Circular segment, the area which is "cut off" from the rest of the circle by a secant or a chord.
		Memory segment, the portion of computer memory which may be addressed by a single index register.
		String segment, the substring of a pattern delimited by two don't cares or one don't care and beginning or end of the pattern.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Segment (214 words)

	Definitions of Linguistic Terminology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Any segment produced by stopping and releasing the air stream (stops), or stopping it at one point while it escapes at another (liquids), or a very narrow passage causing friction (fricatives).
		Segments produced by a complete blockage of the air flow at some point in its passage.
		A voiced segment characterized by generalized friction of the air passing in a continuous stream through the pharynx and opened mouth, with relatively no narrowing or other obstruction of the speech organs.
	sps.k12.mo.us /khs/linguistics/lingtrms.htm (1286 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		We may try to group segments into phonemes in such a way that all the segments of each phoneme represent sounds having some feature in common which is not represented by any segment of any other phoneme.
		He says that if a phonetic feature is shared by all the segments that are grouped as members of a phoneme, then the grammar may refer to ªthe phoneme as repesenting this common feature, rather -5- Phonemic Theory than as being a class of segments.
		Harris identifies his initial elements not by consulting phonetic theory, but by consulting the linguistic intuitions of native speakers, although phonetic properties are naturally associated with the elements because this is, after all, a segmenttion of utterances.
	www.umich.edu /~archive/linguistics/texts/papers/paper.pln (4155 words)

	[No title]
		Sometimes a movement segment is added between the last segment of one sign and the first segment of the next sign.
		Inflecting the a sign for a day of the week by using a hold-movement-hold segmental structure that starts from the height of a signer’s dominant shoulder to the mid-torso, with the palm orientation toward the signer is an example of a.
		The area of linguistics that investigates the role of context in understanding meaning is called: [p 162] a.
	www.lifeprint.com /aslv/linguisticsofaslquiz1-250.doc (5087 words)

	Linguistics 433/633 Terminology II
		Linguistics 433/633 Terminology II Linguistics 433/633 Terminology II NB: This is a MINIMAL list of terms and definitions that you should be familiar with from the semester.
		Rhyme – The Nucleus + Coda of a syllable
		Pitch Accent – A prominence lending peak or trough in the intonation contour of an utterance.
	www.asel.udel.edu /speech/tutorials/Terminology.html (433 words)

	an introduction to poetry rhythm and rhythmic analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Metre is a contentious subject, and studies based on mechanical, musical, organic and linguistic analogies have shown how little is currently understood.{1} Nonetheless, as defined as some pattern of phonological stress, pitch and/or length, rhythm is an inescapable element of poetry.
		To the extent that linguistics is a science, and science deals with propositions that must be falsifiable, linguistics does not provide a royal road to certainty in metrical analysis.
		Linguistic prosodists have elaborated brilliant theories, but only related sign to sign, not sign to signifier: they have failed to ask what the signs mean.
	www.poetrymagic.co.uk /advanced/rhythm.html (7807 words)

	[No title]
		A defect within the segment itself alone remains as a potential means to characterize the exceptionality of latent segments.
		Although most latent segments must be specified for Place (see chapter 5) this approach could be generalized in a framework where regular segments are fully specified to say that if a segment is missing anything at all the segment will delete in some contexts where fully specified segments do not.
		Waksler 1990, for example, represents segments which alternate between surface glide and surface vowel as underlyingly underspecified for [consonantal].Rosenthall 1994 argues, however, that such high vowel underspecification is unnecessary in Optimality Theory given parallel evaluation of alternative parses.
	roa.rutgers.edu /files/143-0996/roa-143-zoll-6.doc (2645 words)

	JBG: Formal Contrasts between Language and Other Forms of Behavior-Action
		Linguists have been remarkably successful identifying discrete segments of language and at several levels of analysis.
		The big divide in linguistics between Chomsky's competence and performance rests precisely on distinguishing what is possible to say from what may be appropriate or inappropriate to say in a given speech situation.
		This would be like a linguist, who wants to write a grammar for Language X, starting the inquiry by cataloging the communicative intents of speakers saying particular things in particular contexts, then noting classes of linguistic forms that accomplish these objectives.
	www.lehigh.edu /~jbg1/lingmod.htm (2212 words)

	akinlabi.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In a recent paper, Alderete et al (1999) proposed that fixed segments in reduplication are derivable from general markedness considerations in the phonology.
		They argue that the fixed segment in the reduplicant is the (unmarked) epenthetic segment of the language.
		In the first asymmetry the fixed segment in de-verbal reduplication behaves differently fixed segmentism in epenthesis, as in loan vocabulary.
	www.ling.udel.edu /kabak/akinlabi.html (242 words)

	Wordtrade.com
		Fifth, there is a quite separate set of notions of complexity in the social sciences, dealing with complicated social systems, their differentiation and segmentation, and with the various decision making processes in these systems that constantly rely on incomplete information.
		I leave it to others to speculate on the possibility that the emergence of the "sciences of complexity" is a reflection of the changing social situation for the scientific subsystem in a postmodern and hyper-differentiated world.
		Most of the pragmatic similarities were found at the level of the linguistic mapping of utterances, with both Uruguayan and Peninsular Spanish speakers showing a negative correlation between (in)directness and social distance.
	www.wordtrade.com (10510 words)

	Language in India
		Linguistic and religious associations between these tribes resulted in a bundle of related dialects, which we presently call English.
		Internalization of the linguistic structures and their ready and easy retrieval for communication are achieved in many ways.
		Linguistic exchanges reveal the attitude of the participants in the conversation process.
	www.languageinindia.com /april2002/tesolbook.html (20431 words)

	Linguistics 105: Lecture No. 6
		Assimilation is the copying of a feature from one segment to another in such a way as to make the copying segment more like the copied one.
		Sometimes a segment is made dissimilar to a contiguous segment because the language does not like identical or similar sounds next to each other.
		Haplology is the deletion of a segment or syllable that is identical or similar to an adjacent syllable or segment in that syllable.
	www.departments.bucknell.edu /linguistics/lectures/05lect06b.html (336 words)

	Bruce Morén's Curriculum Vitae
		This software uses computer graphical analyses to compare student speech with native speech, thus improving pronunciation using segmental and prosodic visual cues in conjunction with audio feedback.
		Presented at the Fourth Utrecht Biannual Phonology Workshop, Utrecht Institute of Linguistics OTS, The Netherlands.
		Presented at the 26th Annual Meeting of the Linguistics Association of the Southwest (LASSO), Los Angeles, California, USA.
	www.bu.edu /linguistics/UG/moren/cv.html (1066 words)

	Citations: Lexical cohesion computed by thesaural relations as an indicator of the structure of text - Morris, Hirst ...
		....by human judges [Passonneau and Litman, 1996] This is a naturally occurring exemplar of the first discourse in Figure 9; segment 15 is an interruption and segment 16 is a continuation of segment 14.
		introduced a linear discourse segmentation algorithm based on lexical cohesion relations determined by use of Roget s thesaurus [31, 32] Similarly, Kozima [18, 19, 20] has proposed a method which computes the semantic similarity between words using a semantic network constructed from a subset of.
		On the linguistics side, Hoey [1991] takes a more global approach, trying to account 29 for all the lexical links in a text, using sentence as the unit of cohesion.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/1240/0 (1988 words)

	LinguaLinks Workshop Tools Tutorial
		When you copy and paste Segments that contain text, it will also copy the text in those segments.
		until you see "Selected Object is a Segmented Paragraph in the paragraphs of an Interlinear Section" on the status bar at the bottom of the window.
		until you see "Selected Object is a Segment in the contents of a Segmented Paragraph " on the status bar at the bottom of the window.
	www.ethnologue.com /LL_docs/tutorial/32.asp (1100 words)

	CA162 Principles of Linguistics ACL1 Phonetics Notes 4 - Suprasegmentals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		When we speak at a different rate, not all segments are shortened or lengthened to the same degree: vowels tend to be the most affected, then other approximants, then fricatives, and finally stops.
		However, we can establish typical durations for particular segments by referring to a corpus of recorded speech and we can then tell if these segments are unusually long or short in a given utterance.
		Pitch is indirectly related to the frequency of vocal fold vibration: roughly speaking, the higher the frequency the higher the pitch.
	www.compapp.dcu.ie /~alex/CA162/PHONETICS/supra.html (1325 words)

	[No title]
		Such an approach is implicit in the scheme of Juola (1996), who represented sound segments as a vector of bits and computed the distance between two segments by counting the number of bits that differed between them.
		While speed is very important in some applications, such as real-time speech recognition, historical linguists may well have the patience to wait a few minutes for solutions more sensitive to the requirements of their domain.
		Some of their greatest advantages, such as their speed and the ease with which they can be trained by processing huge data sets of examples, may not impress historical linguists, for whom speed may not be of the essence and huge data sets are not forthcoming.
	artsci.wustl.edu /~bkessler/PhonCompAlgorithms/PhonCompAlgorithms.doc (6274 words)

	Cheryl Zoll (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (co-editor with Joshua Guenter and Barbara Kaiser), 1993
		Segmental Phonology in Yawelmani” in Ken Hale: A Life in Language, Michael Kenstowicz (ed.), Cambridge: MIT Press, pp.
		“Ghost Segments and Optimality,” in Proceedings of the Twelfth West Coast Conference of Formal Linguistics, Erin Duncan, Michele Hart, and Philip Spaelti (eds.), Stanford Linguistics Association, pp.
	www.mit.edu /~linguistics/zoll/cv.html (839 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Broselow, E. (1999) Stress, epenthesis, and segment transformation in Selayarese loans.
		Proceedings of the Conference on Linguistics in the Undergraduate Curriculum: CSL #17, Princeton
		Linguistics and the Philosophy of Language 5: 1-6.
	semlab2.sbs.sunysb.edu:16080 /Users/ebroselow/publications.html (854 words)

	Linguistics 577 - Lesson Plans: Grammar
		Students will be able to use the present progressive to describe what they're doing at a specific moment in time.
		Since it's used more often in conversation and other immediate interaction between people, I thought it would be better to present it through a taped news radio segment.
		The immediacy of the news radio genre reinforces the lesson that this is a grammatical form used for temporary action.
	linguistics.byu.edu /classes/ling577lh/lpg7.html (1087 words)

	index
		Does segment duration provide empirical evidence for prosodic structure in Italian: e.g.
		McCrary, K. (2002) Syllable Structure vs. Segmental Phonotactics: The phonetics and phonology of segment duration in Italian.
		UCLA, Dept. of Linguistics, Linguistics 120A: Phonology 1
	www.geocities.com /kristie_mccrary (554 words)

	LINGUISTICS 2000: Guide for Midterm 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		* Underlying segment - a segment which constitutes a part of the underlying representation of a morpheme.
		Languages differ in what types of segments may constitute a nucleus and in the forms of the syllabic onsets and codas.
		Dissimilation is driven by phonological motivation to distinguish between the segments.
	stripe.colorado.edu /~linguist/2000recit/mid2guide.html (478 words)

	Event Structure in Perception, Narrative Understanding, and Neural Processing - Department of Linguistics - University ...
		Behavioral studies indicate that events are encoded in terms of hierarchical part-subpart relations, and that movement cues play a key role in identifying event segment boundaries.
		Neuroimaging studies suggest thatevent segmentation is an ongoing component of perception, subserved by specialized neural substrates.
		Studies of discourse processing indicate that people segment narrative texts much as they segment real activity, and that this guides working memory updating.
	logos.uoregon.edu /symposium/abstracts/zacks.html (219 words)

	Databases: ALL DATABASES: Abstracts/Fulltext/Indexes
		Another segment of this database provides domestic and international company reports (including detailed SWOT reports), a business citation search, and an image database
		Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts (Cambridge Scientific Abstracts)* [1973 - ]
		Complete coverage is also given to various fields of linguistics including descriptive, historical, comparative, theoretical and geographical linguistics.
	www.library.villanova.edu /articles/databasetitle/dblis.htm (7608 words)

	SignWriting List Forum
		both, third segment is different in one because in that one you close your
		The two signs are identical except for that last linear segment.
		What changes to make that second segment different is the position of the
	www.signwriting.org /forums/swlist/archive2/message/1755.html (588 words)

	Linguistic Phenomena/Devices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a list of some of the lesser known linguistic phenomena and devices used in English writing.
		I've also left out extremely rare or poetic devices (like hypallage) and terms referring to common linguistic errors (like anacoluthon), although the line between device and error is sometimes a blurry one.
		The shortening of a word by omitting a middle segment.
	www.csi.uottawa.ca /~kbarker/ling-devices.html (580 words)

	What is a segment? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A segment is any discrete unit or phone, produced by the vocal apparatus, or a representation of such a unit.
		In modular book: Glossary of linguistic terms, by Eugene E. Loos (general editor), Susan Anderson (editor), Dwight H., Day, Jr.
		This page is an extract from the LinguaLinks Library, Version 5.0 published on CD-ROM by SIL International, 2003.
	www.sil.org /linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms/WhatIsASegment.htm (58 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In this segment, which should take about 4 weeks, we will look at one answer to the question of the nature of linguistic knowledge, namely that linguistic competence is the manifestation of domain specific and innate modules, the most crucial of which processes syntactic structures.
		In this second part of the class, we will explore a radically different picture of the nature of linguistic competence, Cognitive Linguistics (CL).
		While research in CL is quite divergent, we will focus, at least initially, on the work of Ronald Langacker.
	mind.ucsd.edu /syllabi/95-97/cog_ling.html (715 words)

	English Linguistics - Fall 2004 - Prof. Sharon A. Cote (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Find a sound segment in English that might be pronounced as a different sound segment (if you're ambitious you can try a smaller change like a secondary feature) by someone who is a native speaker of some other language and not a native speaker of English.
		Describe the substition you expect, including the native language you would guess the speaker had if you heard this substitution.
		On a separate sheet of paper (or on the back of another page) transcribe two English words that contain that substituted sound segment in different positions.
	falcon.jmu.edu /~cotesa/eng418512f04a8.html (141 words)

	Sameer ud Dowla Khan
		BA in Linguistics, Fall 2003 from UCLA, Summa Cum Laude.
		Teaching Assistant for Linguistics 114 (American Indian Linguistics) with Pamela Munro, Spring 2005.
		Teaching Assistant for Linguistics 1 (Study of Language) with Daniel Büring, Winter 2005.
	www.linguistics.ucla.edu /people/grads/sameer (230 words)

	LING 361: Machine Translation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This is a four-part segment on Machine Translation (MT).
		In this segment we cover approaches to MT and see why MT is hard.
		Kathi was involved in the recent DARPA Machine Translation evaluation effort; she discusses the design and implementation of the evaluation, and results for human and machine translations.
	www.georgetown.edu /faculty/ballc/ling361/ling361_mt.html (169 words)

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