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Topic: Segmentary lineage

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Segmentary_lineage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A segmentary lineage society is characterized by the organization of the society into segments.
		A simple, non-anthropologist's explanation is that the close family is the smallest and closest segment, and will generally stand with each other.
		The largest segmentary lineage society today is the Pashtuns.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Segmentary_lineage (142 words)

	Segmentary Hierarchy of Identity:The Case of Yakuts and Evens in Northern Yakutia
		The chief characteristic of the Nuer society was the segmentary lineage system, which consisted of various levels of patrilineal descent groups segmented out from a large clan.
		Such a segmentary lineage system has been applied to analysis of the nested box structure of ethnic identity by Dru C. Gladney, who has been engaged in research on the Turkic peoples and Muslims in Turkey, Central Asia, and China, since the late 1980s.
		It is inevitable, however, that the segmentary lineage system not only functioned as a mechanism for keeping social order but also represented the relational alterity of identity and nested boxes of social groups.
	src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp /sympo/97summer/sasaki.html (5417 words)

	Lineage Segmentation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Lineages constructed on the basis of acknowledged descent lines occur in various sizes according to their "generational depth", ranging from small, shallow lineages made up of the descendants of a single living grandfather or great-grandfather to extensive systems with histories of several dozen generations including thousands of members.
		Thus there is a single maximal lineage at the highest level of the system, which is divided into two or more branches or segments, which are in turn divided and redivided in a regularly recurring process.
		There are several important examples of segmentary lineage systems in anthropology, including the classic studies of Evans-Pritchard on the Nuer and Paul Bohannon on the Tiv.
	www.umanitoba.ca /anthropology/tutor/descent/unilineal/segments.html (453 words)

	Root Causes - Policy Review, No. 112 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Middle Eastern tribes are organized into what anthropologists call “segmentary lineage systems.” Simply put, segmentary lineages allow a society to operate strictly on the basis of kinship ties, without the need for a central government.
		Segmentary lineage systems are designed to operate as self-sustaining tribal societies, entirely independent of government.
		And of all possible solutions to the problem of lineage solidarity posed by marriage, Muslim cousin marriage is the most “involuted” — the one that tends, both morally and practically, to seal off families and lineages from outside influences and alliances.
	www.policyreview.org /APR02/kurtz.html (3969 words)

	[No title]
		A disadvantage of her integration into one lineage was that, in the first month, she, as a young woman, needed the agreement of the patriarchs of “her” lineage if she wanted to visit other places of the summer pasture.
		Lineages are a good example of a fractal pattern because the core members of a lineage (e.g., males in a patrilineage, females in a matrilineage), in each new generation, reproduce a similar number of new members as did their immediate ancestor.
		Thus the lineage takes on the structure of a tree, each node in the tree having a roughly equal chance of being a terminus with no descendants, or generating a similar number of new branches.
	eclectic.ss.uci.edu /~drwhite/turks/2-6a.doc (8027 words)

	Situation Report on Region 2 (Afar National Regional State)
		This and segmentary kinship order are all-encompassing and unite the total Somali population in the Horn at the highest level of grouping, but divides them to different kin groupings at the lower levels.
		With respect to land tenure, the correlation between kinship and land is illustrated by the fact that the segmentary lineage formation is reproduced on the ground.
		The constituent lineages of the clan are neatly distributed within the territory controlled by the clan, and within the territory of the lineage its smaller segments hold adjacent lands.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /African_Studies/eue_web/som_prog.htm (3886 words)

	Public Anthropology
		He states that the shift to a bilateral lineage system from a generational one was not a result of European influences.
		Marshall D. Sahlins’ article attempts to distinguish segmentary lineage from other “segmentary” societies using an evolutionary perspective as opposed to a structural analysis.
		The author concludes by restating the fact that segmentary lineages are only found at the tribal level, but that it is not found in all tribes.
	www.publicanthropology.org /Archive/Aa1961.htm (3795 words)

	The Very Best Books : Maya Postclassic State Formation : Segmentary Lineage Migration in Advancing Frontiers (New ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Drawing his data from ethnographic analogy and native chronicles as well as archaeology, he identifies segmentary lineage organisation as the key to understanding both the political organisation and the long distance migrations observed among the Quiché Maya of Guatemala and Mexico.
		Dr Fox then matches the known anthropological characteristics of segmentary lineages against the Mayan kinship relationships described in documents and deduced from the spatial patterning apparent within Quich4e towns and cities.
		His conclusion, that the inherently fissile nature of segmentary lineages caused the leapfrogging migrations of up to 500 kms observed amongst the Maya, offers a convincing solution to a problem that has for long puzzled scholars.
	www.elise.com /store/0521321107/Maya_Postclassic_State_Formation__Segmentary_Lineage_Migration_in_Advancing_Frontiers_New_Studies_in_Archaeology.html (238 words)

	figure 13
		All the the descendents of I are included in a maximal lineage, 4 generations deep, which will most likely bear the founder's name.
		A and B define two segments which partition the maximal lineage members according to the two divergent descent lines.
		This process is repeated in successive generations until minimal lineages, usually extended family households, are included.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/arts/anthropology/tutor/image_list/13.html (178 words)

	Segmentary lineage - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Segmentary lineage (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Segmentary lineage - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Segmentary lineage.
		Here you will find more informations about Segmentary lineage.
		The orginal Segmentary lineage article can be editet
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Segmentary-lineage.html (193 words)

	FORTES- SOME REFLECTIONS ON ANCESTOR WORSHIP IN AFRICA
		This is well exemplified in segmentary lineage systems with ancestor worship, where descent divisions of all orders are defined, as Dr. Freedman remarks for the Chinese, 'in terms of the cult of the ancestors'.
		What is significant for them, as for the observer, is that cognizance is taken in the rituals that terminate her social existence in the flesh, of the two critical jural statuses a woman passes through in her life cycle.
		Thus in the instance we are discussing a man who accedes to an office vested in a lineage by right of succession has a status relation to his deceased predecessor analogous to that of a son who steps into his dead father's status in the domestic group.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /Fdtl/Ancestors/fortes2.html (6632 words)

	Images of the Pathan
		The largest segmentary lineage society in the world, the Pathans cover a wide range of ecological niches and have developed a number of social organizations, from the centralized kingdom of Afghanistan to the anarchic democracies of the hill tribes.
		The structure which is applicable to the Pathans is that of the segmentary lineage, as investigated and elaborated by Evans-Pritchard, Sahlins, Gellner, Montagne, Barth, Salzman, and others.
		Two different systems of values were at complete loggerheads in this situation: the segmentary lineage organization with its intrinsic hatred of domination and its polity of individualism and betrayal contra the British class system with its ethos of elitism and its values of fair play and cultural superiority.
	www.bu.edu /anthrop/faculty/lindholm/Pathan1A.html (4863 words)

	[Kinship of the Ancient Hebrew System] A180.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Segmentary lineage organization (SLO) is political organization based on descent (usually patrilineal) with multiple descent segments that form at different genealogical levels and function in different contexts.
		Thus there is a single maximal lineage at the highest level of the system, which is divided into two or more branches or segments, which are in turn divided again and again in a recurring process.
		Abraham married his half-sister Sarah (thus securing Isaac's place in the lineage over Ishmael, the son of Abraham by Sarah's maidservant Hagar); Isaac married his patrilineal parallel cousin Rebekah; Jacob married two sisters (Leah and Rachel) who were his patrilineal parallel cousins.
	www.a180.net /hebrew_kinship.html (976 words)

	Pashtun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Pashtuns are typically characterized by their language, Muslim religion, and their pre-Islamic indigenous code of honor and culture, Pashtunwali.
		The Pashtuns are the world's largest segmentary lineage (patriarchal) tribal group in existence.
		The total population of the group is estimated to be about 40 million, but may be much higher as accurate census counts often prove difficult given the migratory nature of many Pashtun tribes as well as the practice of secluding women.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pashtun (2131 words)

	MbembeCh9.html
		This is understandable since the Ibo segmentary lineage system seems to have been such as to give them a political coherence far greater than their neighbours; the Ibo could, therefore, muster an overwhelming number of men if any argument over land did develop.
		It is particularly noteworthy that lineages of the same patriclan may be found dispersed amongst the villages of all three sub-tribes of which, as we shall see, Osopong is composed.
		Since the lineages which compose it may or may not be able to trace genealogical connections with each other it may be said to be in some cases a major lineage and in others a sub-clan.
	www.era.anthropology.ac.uk /Harris/Harris_text/MbembeCh9.html (15522 words)

	SFB 268 - Projekt A8 / A9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Jensen, Jan (1996), "Politics and political discourse: Was Mande already a segmentary society in the middle ages?", History in Africa, 23: 121-128.
		Munson, Henry (1989), "On the irrelevance of the segmentary lineage model in the Maroccan Rif", American Anthropologist, 91: 386-400.
		Peters, L. (1960), "The proliferation of segments in the lineages of the Bedouin of Cyrenaica", J.
	www.rbi.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de /~sfb268/a9/subhtm/litseg.htm (2573 words)

	FORTES- SOME REFLECTIONS ON ANCESTOR WORSHIP IN AFRICA
		This is well exemplified in segmentary lineage systemswith ancestor worship, where descent divisions of all orders are defined,as Dr. Freedman remarks for the Chinese, 'in terms of the cultof the ancestors'.
		What is significant for them, as for the observer, is thatcognizance is taken in the rituals that terminate her social existencein the flesh, of the two critical jural statuses a woman passes throughin her life cycle.
		Ancestors areapt to be demanding, persecutory, and interfering for one reason becauseparents appear thus to their children when they are exercising authorityover them, but also, in the wider sense, because this is a particularlyeffective way of representing the sovereignty or authority and right.
	www.afrikaworld.net /afrel/fortes2.html (6233 words)

	[No title]
		Kurdish political organization of the tribal type is based on a segmentary lineage system.
		A political confederacy, called ashiret, is headed by a paramount leader (beg), and is composed of a number of units each of which is called a tira.
		Population pressure and internal strife sometimes lead to the split of a tira with the eventual formation of a new unit.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Cult_dir/Culture.7855 (1268 words)

	AllRefer.com - Nigeria - The Northern Area \| Nigerian Information Resource
		A few of these peoples, such as the Tiv, were of the classic "segmentary" variety, in which strongly organized patrilineages link large portions of the ethnic group into named nonlocal segments based on real and putative concepts of descent.
		Local organization, land tenure, inheritance, religious beliefs, law, and allegiances are all related to this sense of segmentary lineage relationship.
		Descendants of founders were often village heads or priests of the village shrine, whereas leading members of the other lineages formed an eldership that governed the place and a few outlying areas, consisting of those who were moving toward open lands as the population increased.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/nigeria/nigeria58.html (1858 words)

	Reconstructing Tradition:
		Their traditional system involved nested groups, which were based on closeness of patrilineal descent and well defined prescriptions for alliance in conflicts.
		Cross cultural comparison is helpful here, for we find that in many societies in the world segmentary frameworks of social organization and systems based on clanship have proven to be extremely persistent, even under conditions of radical social change (Salzman 1978:629 - 631).
		Though sheikhs were normally recruited from only a minority of a tribe’s lineages, this never resulted in the evolution of a social hierarchy because each Bedouin lineage considered itself to be the equal of any other.
	www.cwru.edu /affil/tibet/booksAndPapers/Segpaper.htm (5248 words)

	The Social Structure of Emotional Constraint
		In fact, Swat, with its segmentary lineage system and relatively simple economy, is far closer to the " mechanical" end of the scale.
		The lineage structure serves the same function as did Louis in his world, but rather than reaching its apex in a living king the segmentary system, also conceptualized as a cone, finds its peak in the past, in the common ancestor.
		What should be looked at instead is the degree to which the society visualizes itself as existing in opposition to other social configurations, as well as the intensity of internal conflict characteristic of the society, and especially the degree to which that conflict is constrained and balanced by structural or political factors.
	www.bu.edu /anthrop/faculty/lindholm/SocialStructure.html (5912 words)

	A Haroon Akram
		The Pakhtuns are a patrilineal segmentary lineage society.
		Hostility is reinforced by the determination not to be dominated, the social acceptability of violence, and the fact that the social structure has no mediators to settle disputes.
		Segmentary systems of this type are ‘acephalous’, or headless.
	www.theglobalsite.ac.uk /justpeace/110akram.htm (2774 words)

	Segmentary lineage, segmentary opposition - AnthroBase - Dictionary of Anthropology: A searchable database of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Segmentary lineage, segmentary opposition - AnthroBase - Dictionary of Anthropology: A searchable database of anthropological texts
		A way of organizing descent groups that is found particularly in Northern and Eastern Africa (some of the most famous examples, e.g.
		, emphasizing the military aspect of this mechanism, has referred to the segmentary lineage as "an organization of predatory expansion" (1971), but the segmentary lineage system also has other important functions, e.g.
	www.anthrobase.com /Dic/eng/def/segmentary-lineage.htm (80 words)

	Seventh Emeritus Lecture Honoring Elizabeth F. Colson - Published Works - 1963 Review of The Plateau Tonga of Northern ...
		Based on first class fieldwork extending over four years, each is concerned with some principle of integration in a society without constituted political authority or a segmentary lineage system.
		The Plateau Tonga are matrilineal but they are not organized into lineages of any depth, nor do lineage members form a local group.
		Beliefs in ancestor spirits and the ritual of that approach to them reflect this dispersion, the as they do the matrilineal principle and the complementary relationship with the father's kin, and the absence of recognized lineage heads.
	sunsite3.berkeley.edu /Anthro/colson/pub/reviews/col2.html (462 words)

	Stone: Tiv Lecture
		In non-centralized, "the lineage structure is the framework of the political system" -- "segmentary lineage"
		Tiv were constantly losing land to neighboring Tiv; neighbor encroaches you, you encroach another; so whole thing was pushing outward like a steamroller -- a creeping expansion in which lineage groups continually encroached the adjacent territories of other lineages.
		This analyzes seg lineage as an adaptive systems that evolves in inter-cultural env, adapted for predatory expansion -- moving into an occupied niche.
	www.artsci.wustl.edu /~anthro/courses/306/tiv.html (907 words)

	[No title]
		It is suggested that (1) the evolution of large groups in the human lineage depended on the development of a more efficient method for time-sharing the processes of social bonding and that (2) language uniquely fulfills this requirement.
		Finally, it should be noted that this explanation clearly stands in direct contrast to the conventional wisdom that language developed in the context of hunting to enable early hominids to communicate about the location of possible prey and to plan coordinated hunting expeditions.
		Indeed, the explanation for the increase in brain size within the hominid lineage on which my argument is based itself stands in contradiction to the conventional wisdom that these large brains evolved to enable humans to hunt and/or manufacture tools.
	watarts.uwaterloo.ca /~acheyne/dunbar.html (11043 words)

	[No title]
		38.Segmentary lineage organization is a form of social stratification in which class endogamy is the rule.
		A)the lineage B)the band C)the nuclear family D)the clan E)the expanded family household 81.A descent group consists of only a married couple and their children.
		97.With unilineal descent one's lineage affiliation is ascribed at birth, but with ambilineal descent lineage affiliation is more fluid as each member chooses their descent group.
	alex.roedlach.at /Kottak/rec.doc (5772 words)

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