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Topic: Segmentation (music)

	Segmentation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Segmentation (music), the breaking down of music into relatively simpler and smaller parts.
		Segmentation (memory), the division of main memory into memory subsystems.
		Speech segmentation, the identification of word boundaries in speech.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Segmentation (189 words)

	Music - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Music is a natural intuitive phenomenon operating in the three worlds of time, pitch, energy, and under the three distinct and interrelated organization structures of rhythm, harmony, and melody.
		The definition of music as sound with particular characteristics is taken as a given by psychoacoustics, and is a common one in musicology and performance.
		Musical composition is a term that describes the makeup of a piece of music.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/m/u/s/Music.html (2982 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Music [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The definition of music as sound with particular characteristics is taken as a given by psycho-accoustics, and is a common one in musicology and performance.
		Music as organized sound: One common definition of music is to label it as 'organized sound', which is determines music according to the poetic and the neutral levels (it must be composed sonorities), or more aesthetically, 'the artful or pleasing organization of sound and silence', which determines music according to the esthesic.
		There is the study of sound and vibration or acoustics, the cognitive study of music, the study of music theory and performance practice or music theory and ethnomusicology and the study of the reception and history of music, generally called musicology.
	encyclozine.com /Music (3219 words)

	Alf Björnberg \| Music Video and the Semiotics of Popular Music (1992)
		Music and meaning In discussions of signification and meaning in music, the non-referentiality of music is often stressed: musical structures, as distinguished from verbal language, are void of denotations, and musical meaning arises from the connotations or associations which the music effects on part of the listener.
		The segmentation of music, which forms the basis both of music analysis and of «structural listening» in general, is in fact based on repeated structures involving one or several musical parameters.
		Music videos presenting a coherent visualisation of the most manifest level of verbal signification (the situations or the narrative related in the lyrics) are relatively rare.
	www.mediamusicstudies.net /tagg/others/bjbgvideo.html (3410 words)

	[No title]
		Music notation symbols, though well characterized by their features, are arranged in elaborate ways in real music notation, which makes the recognition task very difficult and open to new ideas.
		Music notation symbols, though well characterized by their features, are arranged in an elaborate way in real music notation, which makes recognition task very difficult and still open for new ideas, as for example, fuzzy set application in skew correction and stave location.
		Musical training is thought of as a form of practice in musical pattern recognition and, as predicted, accuracy and reaction time measures of musically trained subjects were significantly better than those of untrained subjects.
	www.music.mcgill.ca /~ich/research/omr/omr.bib (5517 words)

	Bollywood - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, they do not fit easily in the "musical" category as defined by Hollywood movies; they usually contain a great deal more in the way of plot and action than is found in the typical Hollywood musical.
		The composers of film music, known as music directors, are also well-known.
		Music directors often prefer working with certain lyricists, to the point that the lyricist and composer are seen as a team.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bollywood (3391 words)

	Art And Survival: In Dialogue: Oscar H. Gandy: Part 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Segmentation is a process of trying to identify and make use of classes or segments that consumers can be placed into in terms of their behavior or in terms of their expressions of interests.
		It is the creation of music segments into genres that are expected to be profitable in terms of who their audiences are.
		Talk about Chicago blues, talk about musics that are based in locales because the people in the locales are identified with the artists and the music reflects and responds to their common history in that place.
	www.artandsurvival.com /issue2-vol1/dialogue/dialogue3.htm (4126 words)

	DRAGON SYSTEMS 1998 MANDARIN
		Music detection: classified the segments into speech and music classes, and discarded the segments in the music class.
		Then we discarded those segments, which were classified as music by the music detector, and fed rest of the segments into the recognizer, the results are in the third column of Table 2.
		Without classifying and removing the non-speech segments in the audio stream, the recognition error rate may be remarkably increased, though the stream be chopped exactly the same as it is manually labeled in the transcription file.
	www.nist.gov /speech/publications/darpa99/html/sp290/sp290.htm (2693 words)

	Music (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Music is an art, entertainment, or other human activity which involves organized and audible sound, though definitions may vary.
		If we acknowledge that sound is not organized and conceptualized (that is, made to form music) merely by its producer, but by the mind that perceives it, then Music is uniquely human." Music theory is the study of music, generally in a highly technical manner outside of other disciplines.
		:''Main article: History of music.'' The history of Music in relation to human beings predates the written word and is tied to the development and unique expression of various human cultures.
	music.iqnaut.net (2789 words)

	Audio Projects
		Music snippet is usually a part of the repeated melody, main theme or chorus.
		In this project, the most salient segment of the music is firstly detected based on its occurrence frequency and energy information.
		Meanwhile, the boundaries of musical phrases are also detected based on the estimated phrase length and phrase boundary confidence of each frame.
	research.microsoft.com /users/llu/Audioprojects.aspx (866 words)

	Consumer Trends - Consumer Segmentation Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		That project involved two distinct studies: the first, a telephone survey of 2,009 consumers, probing overall attitudes toward music; and the second, a 25-minute "exit interview" of 809 consumers leaving the point of retail purchase and focusing on their retail experience.
		Both studies were carefully constructed to mirror the national marketplace and to include the mix of retail outlets where music is actually purchased.
		But they are not the only factors, and their impact is not uniform (e.g., many older people buy a lot of music, many younger people buy very little).
	www.riaa.com /news/marketingdata/segementation.asp (225 words)

	Re: Optical Music Recognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We consider that in Optical Music Recognition - as in Document Recognition in general - reliability is an important point: the user should not have to proofread the whole document.
		The current system is build to recognize some full scores with polyphonic staves by correcting some type of segmentation errors (like symbols touching notes) and by pointing out badly recognized zones (using for example the vertical alignment of synchronized notes).
		Segmentation et reconnaissance de documents guidees par la connaissance a priori : application aux partitions musicales.
	documents.cfar.umd.edu /newsgroups/ocrarchive/msg00799.html (840 words)

	Project Notes: Lyrics
		Segmentation of speech/music on the same data as Williams/Ellis (which actually is Scheirer/Slaney's data).
		A first step would be to look at a "posteriogram" of some music samples with and without vocals, to verify that the vocals do cause the recognizer to exhibit, to some extent, the same statistical properties in its output as speech does.
		Segmentation could also be done by using the BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) ideas applied to Acoustic Change Detection by Gish, then Liu and Kubala, and then Ellis/Ferrieros-Lopez.
	www.ee.columbia.edu /~madadam/6820/lyrics/lyrics-notes.html (2736 words)

	Image Segmentation and Compression Using Hidden Markov Models
		For block-based segmentation using statistical classification, an image is divided into blocks and a feature vector is formed for each block by grouping statistics of its pixel intensities.
		To segment an image, optimal classes are searched jointly for all the blocks by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) rule.
		Image Segmentation and Compression Using Hidden Markov Models isan essential reference source for researchers and engineers working in statistical signal processing or image processing, especially those who are interested in hidden Markov models.
	www.indiaplaza.com /books/pd.aspx?sku=0792378997 (368 words)

	International Symposium on Music Information Retrieval (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Various ways of music analysis using data mining techniques including sequential pattern discovery, repeating pattern discovery and classification and clustering will be presented.
		Music phrase segmentation, music sentence identification, association of pieces of determine the structures of music for music retrieval or music classification and clustering for applications such as music recommendation.
		Because there is little communication between audio-based and symbol-based approaches, with even less uptake of schematic views of music, it seems timely to examine areas in which the sharing of expertise could benefit all parties.
	ismir2003.ismir.net /tut3_4.html (326 words)

	CHAPTER 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The fact that music as a whole or some aspect of music in particular may be defined as including a certain combination of parameters should not preclude omission of any parameter in the course of analysis.
		Music does not yield the coarse, blunt statements that are suggested by Shafter's reference to a vocabulary limited to twelve tones.
		The music of a song consists of rhythm, harmony and melody.
	www.musicanalyst.com /Dissertation/CH5-RED.htm (7695 words)

	CPANDA: Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study 2002: Kansas City Symphony Ticket Buyers Survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Classical Music Consumer Segmentation Study was undertaken to improve understanding of symphony orchestra audiences and markets and to develop a conceptual model of the market place that can assist orchestras in "capturing additional market potential." The study was conducted by Audience Insight and funded by the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation.
		The study paints a detailed picture of how consumers fit classical music into their lives -- listening to classical radio and recordings in their automobiles and homes, and attending live concerts in churches, schools and traditional concert venues.
		Roughly 10 percent to 15 percent of Americans have what might be termed a close or moderately close relationship with classical music, and again as many have weaker ties.
	www.cpanda.org /data/a00104/a00104.html (601 words)

	MIT Media Lab: Dissertation Defense
		Listening to music and perceiving its structure is a fairly easy task for humans, even for listeners without formal musical training.
		Specifically, for segmentation, an HMM-based approach will be used for key change and chord change detection; and a method for detecting the self-similarity property using approximate pattern matching will be presented for recurrent structural analysis.
		For musical salience detection, we will examine methods for weighting the importance of musical segments based on the confidence of classification.
	www.media.mit.edu /events/thesis-chaiwei.html (234 words)

	MTO 8.4: Dissertation Listings
		Spiegelberg, Scott C. "The Psychoacoustics of Musical Articulation." Eastman School of Music, January 2002.
		A history of timbre perception research reveals the inadequacies of current sound segmentation models, resulting in the creation of a new model, the Pitch/Amplitude/Centroid Trajectory (PACT) model of sound segmentation.
		The new analysis techniques and PACT model are used to analyze recordings of performers playing a melodic fragment in a series of notated articulations.
	www.societymusictheory.org /mto/issues/mto.02.8.4/dis.8.4.html (516 words)

	Segmentation Study To Paint Detailed Picture Of Music Consumers
		“By enhancing our knowledge base, all segments of the industry will be able to make the most informed strategic planning business decisions,” explains consultant Gwen Lipsky of Sound Thinking.
		The Task Force felt strongly that this research should focus on some of the less understood attitudinal, lifestyle and behavioral factors that predispose a consumer toward a continuing, strong commitment to music, or conversely, cause a consumer who used to be highly involved with music to drop out of the fold.
		Among the topics targeted for discovery are: music listening occasions; how the role of music in someone’s life changes over time; depth/breadth of interest in music by genre; ways in which different consumers become familiar with new music; preferences for catalog vs. new music; lifestyle factors that affect music listening/purchasing; etc.
	www.narm.com /news/sb/1997/1097/segment.htm (429 words)

	Electrokids.org \| A few words on VA :: Segmentation and some music to listen at the same site. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Primarily the home of IDM artist Autism (and his minimalist side project Disposable), Segment has expanded their range of artists with Segmentation, their first compilation.
		On Segmentation, he’s had the opportunity to expose some more musicians from Belarus to the west, as well as including musicians from other parts of Europe and the US.
		The result is a varied collection of modern electronic moods, grooves, and experiments that explore the many facets of the ambient techno, ambient house, and minimalist electronic genres.
	www.electrokids.org /e/keys/segment (544 words)

	Tangible Hedonic Portfolio Products: A Joint Segmentation Model of Music CD Sales - Knowledge@Wharton
		We construct a flexible duration-time model that can be used to capture the dynamic purchase patterns across a broad portfolio of different albums.
		We allow explanatory variables to have a differential impact on both components of the model, i.e., accelerating purchase rates within segment, and/or changing the proportions drawn by each cluster.
		To illustrate the role of covariates in our model, we discuss the different effects of radio airplay and holiday buying on sales for our sample in the music industry.
	knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu /index.cfm?fa=viewPaper&id=840 (194 words)

	Speech Music - Favorite Songs - Lyrics From (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Australian Guild of Music and Speech Education System provides public examinations in music and speech throughout Australia, New Zealand, Singapore and Malaysia and tertiary courses to advanced diploma by distance education.
		Speech, Music and Hearing (TMH) is a department at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) located in Stockholm, Sweden.
		Music is a super-stimulus for this perceived musicality, i.e.
	www.lyricsfrom.com /artists/s/Speech.html (2432 words)

	Project Notes: Lyrics
		Voice/Instrument segmentation: segmentation (in time) of singing voice from instrumental music.
		Note coherence of tonal musical sounds can be used to group pitch peaks into notes played by a single source (instrument or voice).
		This is definitely different than the musical score definition of a note, as it would include a string of musical notes tied together in a legato phrase, for instance.
	www.ee.columbia.edu /~madadam/6820/lyrics/old-notes.html (2114 words)

	Industry Overview, Issues, Trends, and Outlook
		Industry growth outlook data is also included in Industry Overview Reports, which cover key aspects of the industry including size and scope, relevant factors affecting the industry, and industry trends.
		Profiles provide market research information by industry segment on a national, state, and metro area level for over 16,000 industry segments.
		Statistics and charts in each national, state, and metro area industry profile include: market volume; number of firms; annual sales and sales trends, sales per employee; staffing and employment trends; startup activity and failure rates; and new branch development.
	www.valuationresources.com /IndustryOutlook.htm (816 words)

	Music Technology Group - News
		A system capable of describing the musical content of any kind of sound file or sound stream, as it is supposed to be done in MPEG7-compliant applications, should provide an account of the different moments where a certain instrument can be listened to.
		In this paper we concentrate on reviewing the different techniques that have been so far proposed for automatic classification of musical instruments.
		As most of the techniques to be discussed are usable only in "solo" performances we will evaluate their applicability to the more complex case of describing sound mixes.
	www.iua.upf.es /mtg/publicacions.php3?lng=&authorlink=3&urldocid=111 (212 words)

	DISIT - PUBLICATIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		P. Bellini, J. Barthelemy, I. Bruno, P. Nesi, M. Spinu, Multimedia Music Sharing among Mediateques, Archives and Distribution to their attendees, Journal on Applied Artificial Intelligence, Special Issues on Artificial Intelligence for Cultural Heritage and Digital Libraries, Vol.17, N.8-9, pp.773-796, ISSN 0883-9514, Settembre-Ottobre 2003.
		P. Bellini, P. Nesi, Modeing Music Notation in The Internet Multimedia Age, in Visual Perception of Music Notation: On-Line and Off-Line Recognition, edited by Dr. Susan E. George, IRM Press, ISBN 1931777942, USA, in press, Luglio 2004.
		Music Notation Application Requirements and MPEG Technology, AHG on Music Notation Requirements / Musicnetwork, Brisbane, Australia, October 2003.
	www.disit.dsi.unifi.it /publications.html?PHPSESSID=c308b54bfdddb17475... (6624 words)

	Planet OpenClipArt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But since we also want people to be able to run Elisa on their normal server/desktop systems we need to also consider how these are laid out.
		It seem F-grade comedy show The Wedge has a segment where a schoolgirl named Lucy records messages of comical obsession through her computers webcam.
		Its has always amazed me how brainwashed people, aka consumers, get from purchasing products in the name of “good design” and “ease of use” when the companies they buy their products from harm the communities they take their code from without reciprocity.
	planet.openclipart.org (4565 words)

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