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	Seigneurial system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The seigneurial system was the semi-feudal system of noble privilege in France and its colonies.
		The seigneurial system differed somewhat from its equivalent in France; while in France it was a remnant of the feudal system, in New France it was seen as an incentive for settlement and colonization.
		The system was formally abolished by the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada and assented to by Governor Lord Elgin on June 22nd 1854 in An Act for the Abolition of Feudal Rights and Duties in Lower Canada which was brought into effect on December 18 of that year.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Seigneurial_system (657 words)

	Manorialism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manorialism or Seigneurialism describes the organization of rural economy and society in medieval western and parts of central Europe, characterised by the vesting of legal and economic power in a lord supported economically from his own direct landholding and from the obligatory contributions of a legally subject part of the peasant population under his jurisdiction.
		In this plan the manor house is set slightly apart from the village, conferring the privacy that has been more a concern since the 18th century than it was in medieval times.
		In certain areas of the former Empire of the West, a system of villas was entrenched in Late Antiquity and was inherited by the medieval world.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Manorialism (1719 words)

	Seigneurial System
		The seigneurial system was the name for the system by which land was held in New France.
		The average seigneury was 5 km by 15 km in area.
		After the CONQUEST of 1760, the new British rulers of the colony kept on the seigneurial system.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0007270 (463 words)

	Chapter 4: Land and Society in Golden Age Castile
		The system of sixteenth century Castile contained many medieval elements alongside modern property holding forms -- the seigneurial system superimposed upon relatively free villages, the traditional communitarianism side by side with modern private property ownership, and a vigorous expansionist ethic coexisting with the old subsistence mentality.
		Seigneurial jurisdiction conferred upon them the right to appoint or confirm the officials of the town council, to issue decrees and ordinances, and to hold a court of first instance.
		Seigneurial jurisdiction in the hands of the church also tended to be concentrated near important cities, but the largest cities did not necessarily provide the nuclei.
	libro.uca.edu /vassberg/land4.htm (11940 words)

	Seigneurial System
		Seigneurial system, an institutional form of land distribution and occupation established in NEW FRANCE in 1627 and officially abolished in 1854.
		It was inspired by the feudal system, which involved the personal dependency of censitaires (tenants) on the seigneur; in New France the similarities ended with occupation of land and payment of certain dues, and the censitaire was normally referred to as a HABITANT.
		The land was therefore granted as fiefs and seigneuries to the most influential colonists who, in turn, granted tenancies.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0007270 (122 words)

	Joao-Review
		(The role of second sons of seigneurial families in populating the upper level of the church hierarchy shows the ongoing centrality of the family in the overall system.) The spread of fortifications was aimed not so much at external enemies as at potential internal opposition.
		In this new context without independent peasants, rural communitarianism, and the relations of exploitation therein, were remade, as was the seigneurial family, with "the systematic containment of the rural population being inseparable from the remaking of the ruling class" (II, 361).
		For Bernardo, this impersonal remaking of seigneurial households through Form II of money (used between seigneurs and vassals) points to the whole period of absolutism, and "from the 15th to the 18th centuries all social and political life can be analyzed in the paradoxical terms of impersonal artifical households" (III, 293).
	home.earthlink.net /~lrgoldner/joao.html (4768 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		His argument is that, at least in Aunis and Saintonge, and probably elsewhere, the system of seigneurial justice was far from moribund or atrophied, as many historians have assumed it to be.
		Seigneurialism mattered: at least 39 seigneuries in the two regions revised their terriers in the period 1750-89.
		The courts were one aspect of the seigneurial system that the National Assembly abolished definitively in August 1789.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/reviews/mcphee.html (1880 words)

	Settlement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the early days of the colony, the French transplanted the seigneurial system to the St. Lawrence Valley, which established a land ownership arrangement similar to the one existing in France at the time.
		In the 18th century, ecclesiastical seigneuries accounted for 25 percent of the seigneurial lands and were among the most populous fiefs.
		The seigneurial system, although suppressed in France by the Revolution, survived in Canada until 1854.
	www.champlain2004.org /html/settlement.html (235 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Nutini, The Mexican Aristocracy
		By ancient seigneurial rights, conquistadors considered themselves entitled to honors and dignities (commoners aspired to hidalguía—gentry status—and hidalgos aspired to titles of nobility) which the Crown was not willing to grant, as it did not want to perpetuate a seigneurial system that the Catholic kings had largely managed to dismantle in Spain.
		As the seigneurial system disappeared, society as a whole began to democratize, and eventually the social system acquired a modern fluidity.
		In this dynamic of continuous preponderance, economic variables (the encomienda and hacienda systems and seigneurialism, accompanied by rather pronounced ethnic differences) were the necessary conditions for the maintenance of a worldview and expressive array that constituted the sufficient conditions of superordinate stratification.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exnutmex.html (10968 words)

	HCO 3F. New France - Daily Life - Narration
		Seigneuries were grants of land made by the Crown to members of the nobility and varied in size from ten square kilometers to close to two hundred square kilometers.
		One-thirteenth of his crop went to support the priest and church in the seigneury, although that was cut in half at the start of the seventeenth century.
		All in all, the seigneurial system provided the major underpinning for the lives of the great majority of the population.
	ottres.ca /hconline/chapters/3/3Fdailylife.html (2327 words)

	Civilization.ca - VMNF - The Habitant in New France - Seigneurial system:Glossary
		The land-share system introduced in New France in 1629 by the Cardinal de Richelieu.
		Inspired by feudalism, the Seigneurial system entrusted the development and populating of an estate to an individual, noble or commoner, or to a religious community.
		Called a seigneurie, this estate belonged to the seigneur who was required to deed it back if he did not ensure its proper exploitation.
	www.civilization.ca /vmnf/popul/habitant/seigneur-eg.htm (154 words)

	[No title]
		Or when some seigneurial claim, even though warranted by law or custom, seemed to be detrimental to the general wellbeing of the people, he regularly brought the matter to the attention of the home government and invoked its intervention.
		This was a revolutionary change; it put the seigneurial system in Canada on a basis wholly different from that in France; it proved that the king regarded the system as useful only in so far as it actively contributed to the progress of the colony.
		This obligation did not bear heavily on the people of the seigneuries; most of the complaints concerning it came rather from the seigneurs, who claimed that the toll was too small and did not suffice, in the average seigneury, to pay the wages of the miller.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/etext03/cca0510.txt (23697 words)

	H-France Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There are many similar examples where Crubaugh's research into systems of justice has led him to uncover wider information which helps illuminate many of the important features of rural society in the southwest.
		To be sure, perhaps two-thirds of cases could not be resolved by JPs to the satisfaction of both parties, but the thousands of grievances great and small that rural people took to their JP is witness to the relevance of the institution which, of course, continues in different guise today.
		While there are plentiful studies of seigneurial courts, there are remarkably few of the justices of the peace, and certainly none which is as broadly comparative as this.
	www.uakron.edu /hfrance/vol1reviews/mcphee.html (1888 words)

	long lots (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The feudal elements of this system quickly became irrelevant in the New World, where land was available in abundance for tenants who felt oppressed and wanted to move, but the long-lot system of land division associated with seigneuries remains vividly imprinted on the landscape of North America that were settled by French-speaking people.
		The long-lot system of land survey (below) was cheap and easy, and it gave each farm equal amounts of each kind of soil on the floodplain, the terraces, and the interfluves.
		The principal mark they have left on the land is the remnants of their land-division system, which are still visible on modern topographic maps of Detroit, of Green Bay, and of Vincennes, Indiana, as well in Louisiana.
	www.geo.msu.edu /geo333/long_lots.html (596 words)

	Massicotte Organization of the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The feudal elements of this system quickly became irrelevant in the New World, where land was available in abundance for tenants who felt oppressed and wanted to move, but the long-lot system of land division associated with seigneuries remains vividly imprinted on the landscape of North America that were settled by the French.
		At the back end of the strips a road ran parallel to the general course of the river, and this road provided the frontage for a second range of strips when the first range was fully occupied.
		The long-lot system of land survey (above) was cheap and easy, and it gave each farm equal amounts of each kind of soil on the floodplain, the terraces, and the interfluves.
	members.macconnect.com /users/m/mactosh/long_lots.html (569 words)

	Part 1
		The King's plan for the seigneurial system was one that he and his administration believed would further develop the colony of Quebec because it granted land to "influential nobility as a reward for favors or in return for military support."
		As previously stated, the seigniorial system, in which plots of land were broken down from one generation to the next in equal parts to all children of a marriage created one of three affects.
		The problems of landless laborers, an outdated seigneurial system, faulty or absent mechanization and technology, an inability to obtain credit, and mounting debt to usurers all contributed to the phenomenon that was poverty among French Canadian farmers in Quebec.
	www.fawi.net /ezine/vol3no4/cleary/Franco_American1.htm (11549 words)

	Civilization.ca - VMNF - The Seigneurs
		The demise of the French regime did not in itself put an end to the seigneurial system.
		By that time many of the seigneuries had passed from the traditional class of seigneurs into the possession of habitants, public servants and prominent persons who had been enriched by trade or in the exercise of their professions.
		Accelerated population growth soon made the seigneuries profitable, the more so since many proprietors had no qualms about exploiting their habitants, who were still subject to the duties and obligations prescribed under the previous regime.
	www.warmuseum.ca /vmnf/popul/seigneurs/13-en.htm (346 words)

	Civilization.ca - VMNF - The Habitant in New France - The Seigneurial System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Civilization.ca - VMNF - The Habitant in New France - The Seigneurial System
		Finally and above all the Seigneurial system operates to ensure the equitable distribution of the land.
		At the termination of their contract, hired labourers wishing to settle down are given a parcel of land - called censive - which is free.
	www.vmnf.civilization.ca /vmnf/popul/habitant/systme-e.htm (292 words)

	Feudalism and Capitalism come to America
		Similarities between the different systems at the level of administrative practice and malpractice were matched by similarities in the general nature of all Euro-American systems.
		Much had changed in the system, but there were still identifying characteristics: a township, six by six miles, divided into 36 square sections, with reserves for the support of a school, and to finance the building of a railway.
		It was possible to escape the system in New France by moving into commercial activity, in the fur trade in particular, and there was land available that was not being cultivated under a designated, local seigneur; but this was hardly different from conditions in Europe.
	www.upei.ca /~rneill/canechist/topic_3.html (6637 words)

	H-France Reviews
		The advantage of the system is the precision with which the coder could record a code for each grievance.
		Obviously this system required superb accuracy on the part of the coders, but Shapiro and Markoff ran a number of tests which verified the validity of the method.
		Shapiro is able to demonstrate, to the contrary, that over 70% of the peasant cahiers contained grievances against the seigneurial system and 84% of third estate cahiers sought the abolition of specific seigneurial institutions.
	www.h-france.net /reviews/margerison.html (2160 words)

	The Wheat Staple and Early Agriculture
		Unlike earlier authorities on the subject the author concludes that the seigniorial system was probably partly to blame because it altered the distribution of income which in turn changed the pattern of investment and kept the level of total output lower than it otherwise could have been.
		Examines the use of the leader and associates system brought to Lower Canada from New England and used to colonize the Eastern Townships in the period indicated.
		A study of the abolition of seigneurial tenure in Canada East in 1854 which leads the authors to conclude that the government's motivation was based more on the income distributional effects than the issue of efficient use of resources.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~reak/hist/wheatcf4.htm (2090 words)

	Fuel
		The council, after due consideration of this of resolutions declaring that the seigneurial system was that, while its immediate abolition was not practicable, nothing came of these resolutions.
		The seigneurial system was not a leading cause of by the habitants in their general bill of complaint.
		the causes of colonial discontent, the system came in Affairs of British North America he recognized that the its continuance was unwise.
	www.freearchive.info /fu/fuel.html (442 words)

	Canada in the Making - Aboriginals: Treaties & Relations
		The seigneurial system was a form of land settlement modeled on the French feudal system.
		When Britain gained control of New France in 1763, they allowed some of the seigneurial system to remain in place as a favour to the French settlers living in the region.
		While much of New France's economy became agriculturally based under the seigneurial system, there was still, naturally, a significant industry in the fur trade.
	www.canadiana.org /citm/themes/pioneers/pioneers3_e.html (1642 words)

	Cadastres Abrégés land ownership records for the Seigniories.
		In this system, large areas of land called "Seigneuries" were granted to officials and friends of the regime as rewards for services rendered.
		In return for the loss of their seigneurial rights and previledges, the Act allowed for compensation to the Seigneurs based on the value of their properties and the annual rent that it yielded.
		They are the Seigneury of Beauharnois, the largest in Quebec, owned by an English merchant and his heirs and the Seigneury of Châteauguay, owned by the Sisters of Charity of the General Hospital of Montreal, known as the "Gray Nuns".
	www.rootsweb.com /~qcchatea/cadastre/cadastre.htm (819 words)

	Maison Tessier-Dit-Laplante (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Today it houses a cultural centre and an interpretation centre for the seigneurial system.
		The presentation draws its inspiration from the ambiguity surrounding the end of the seigneurial regime.
		Isaï Tessier-Dit-Laplante purchased the rights to seigneurial rent in 1884, whereas the system was in fact abolished in 1854.
	www.museocapitale.qc.ca /035a.htm (107 words)

	Eastern Townships - Landscape
		This ensured that British Loyalists would be subject to British laws and customs, while French settlers could choose between their traditional law and seigneurial system or the British Township system.
		Crown reserves were seen as a source of revenue outside the control of the legislative assembly and clergy were hoped to establish a balance between the Catholic Church, which controlled twenty-six percent of seigneurial land, and the Anglican Church, which was only beginning to gain a foothold in the colony.
		The English system of Free and Common Soccage was used to establish land grants in the area, contrary to the traditional French seigneurial long lot system.
	www.ubishops.ca /geoh/landscap/bound.htm (1636 words)

	Encyclopedia: Valois Dynasty
		They were descendants of Charles of Valois, the third son of King Philip III and based their claim to be ahead of Edward III of England on a reintroduction of the Salic law.
		Ancien Régime means Old Rule or Old Order in French; in English, the term refers primarily to the social and political system established in France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties.
		France under the Ancien Régime, the socio-political system which persisted throughout the rule of the Valois and Bourbon dynasties, was a nation half-way between feudalism and modernity, ruled over by a powerful absolute monarchy which relied on the doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings and the...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Valois-Dynasty (1682 words)

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