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Topic: Selenge Orkhon forest steppe

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Selenge Orkhon forest steppe

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	Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Steppes are short grasslands that occur in semi-arid climates.
		Heaths and Pasture are, respectively, low shrublands and grasslands where forest growth is hindered by human activity, not climate.
		Tian Shan foothill arid steppe (China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Temperate_Grasslands,_Savannas,_and_Shrublands (262 words)

	Palearctic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		South of the taiga are a belt of Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests and Temperate coniferous forests.
		Central Asia and the Iranian plateau are home to dry steppe grasslands and desert basins, with montane forests, woodlands, and grasslands in the region's high mountains and plateaux.
		Balkan montane conifer forests (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palearctic (1351 words)

	Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The mountain forest steppe belt extends through the Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Khovsgol massifs and borders on the Mongolian taiga belt which is in the southernmost fringe of the Great Eastern Siberian Taiga.
		The Mountain Forest Steppe belt encompasses 25% of Mongolia's territory and is inhabited by such globally endangered animal species as the Manul, Black Grouse and plants threatened by extinction such as the Mongolian Pheasant's Eye.
		Forests - The natural regeneration of Mongolian forests is slow and the forests are often damaged by fires and insects due to the harsh climate.
	www.nathaninc.com /iatos/env.htm (1715 words)

	Gateway to Land and Water Information: Mongolia national report
		Coniferous forests are found on the northern slopes, while the southern slopes are covered with open steppe vegetation as seen in the [photo 2.1.3].
		Especially in desert steppe regions where soils are thin, excessive grazing leads to erosion of topsoil, compaction of subsoil, and eventually to the replacement of the most edible plant species by less edible species.
		The problem of dwindling forests and its ecological consequences are being severely felt in the form of flash floods, lowering of groundwater level, spread of desertification and loss of biological diversity.
	www.fao.org /ag/agl/swlwpnr/reports/y_ea/z_mn/mn.htm (9928 words)

	Juulchin Tourism Corporation of Mongolia \| Mongolia \| In Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Orkhon (1,124 kilometres), the Kherlen (1,090 kilometres) and the Selenge (539 kilometres) are the largest rivers.
		Steppes and forest margins support marmot, muskrat, fox, steppe fox, and sable.
		From nomads herding the Central Asian steppe to the formation of the powerful Mongol empire and the gradual emergence of the Mongolian Republic, its history is steeped in conflict.
	www.juulchin.com /mongolia/brief.htm (2025 words)

	Finnish Honorary Consulate of Mongolia
		The forest steppe zone covers about 25 percent of the territory, and is one of the most heavily populated areas in Mongolia.
		The forest steppe zone occurs in the northern frontier of Central Asian prairie steppe and desert and southern frontier of Eastern Siberian forests Khentii, Khangai branch mountainous, the Mongolian Altai Mountains occurs in the eastern frontier, in the Orkhon and Selenge river basins, and in the Khyangan mountains.
		Mongolia's steppe lies in the eastern part of the vast plain that begins in Eastern Europe and reaches to the steppes of Manchuria.
	www.mongolia.fi /eng/geography_1.html (842 words)

	Application of RS and GIS for Forest-Steppe and Dry-Steppe Geosystem Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Tsagaantolgoi area is included into the forest-steppe zone and its landscape is divided into 5 zones, like mountainous taiga or forest (1500m-2000m above sea level (asl), mountainous forest steppe (1300m-1500m asl), mountainous steppe (1200m-1400m asl), mountainous steppe (1000m-1200m asl), dry steppe and meadow steppe in the river valley and between the mountains (Ganzorig et al.
		From the interpreted natural landscape map it is clearly seen that a set of stow combination in the western and north-western parts of the test area is significantly distingueshed from that in the eastern and southern parts.
		Selenge forest-steppe middle mountain and basin subprovince with regions: I-1 Buteelin forest and forest steppe, I-2 Selenge rivers dry steppe, I-3 Buren taigaforest, I-4 Burgaltain dry steppe.
	www.gisdevelopment.net /aars/acrs/1995/ps1/ps1004.shtml (1080 words)

	NAB travel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The main tributaries of the Orkhon river are the Tamir and Yeroo rivers, which have their source in the Khentii and Khangai mountain ranges.
		Orkhon Khar Balgas was the capital of the Uigur State (9th century) and stands on the east bank of the Orkhon river.
		Orkhon Khar Balgas was founded as the capital city in 751 A.D by Bayanchur Kagan and covered 25 square kilometers, surrounded by a wall of umber brickand with a water canal around the perimeter.
	www.mongol-travel.com /english/destinations/central_r.html (1967 words)

	Historical & Cultural Sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Orkhon or the Uighur capital ruins are located on the eastern bank of the Orkhon river in the territory of Khoton soum, Arkhangai aimag.
		Taiga fauna and flora, taiga forest dwellers, Tsaatan, practicing rain-deer breeding are the main attractions for tourists.
		Dornodyn steppe, which occupies a vast area in the territories of Dornod and Sukhbaatar aimags, is one of the last undisturbed plain ecosystems in the world.
	www.nathaninc.com /iatos/regions.htm (1530 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The dark earth soils extending from the forest edges of the mountains situated at an altitude from 1,400 to 1,600 m are gradually replaced with dark brown, brown, flood plain marshy soils.
		Evaporation from an open water surface is estimated to be 500-710 mm and from a soil surface 227 mm during the thaw season In general the climate of the region is cold and windy.
		The impacts to be caused by the road and traffic movements upon the site's mammals distribution and their habitats, in particular the population numbers of the fauna and their diversity being effected negatively to this or that degree will directly depend upon such factors as the natural conditions' specifics and man's activities.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/12/15/000094946_00112805302546/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (18321 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe (PA0816)
		This ecoregion is characterized by a sparse distribution of forests at higher elevations, wide mountain valleys in the Orkhon and Selenge river basins.
		It is distinguished from the Daurian forest steppe as that ecoregion which plays a unique role as an area of biological exchange for the flora and fauna of Siberia and middle Asia.
		In Mongolia, the ecoregion boundaries are derived from the mountain forest steppe surrounding the Selenge and Orkhon (Hilbig 1995, Finch 1996).
	worldwildlife.org /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0816_full.html (883 words)

	MongoliaHunts.com - Your Premier Source of Hunting Information of Mongolia and Beyond
		Forest hunting is achieved in a wide territory in central, northern and eastern regions of Mongolia.
		The region is featured by forested mountains and lush meadows sprinkled with white gers and herds of horses, cattle and sheep.
		Forest is not common, with exception small woods found in the shady slopes of northern higher parts of the range.
	www.mongoliahunts.com /destinations.asp (859 words)

	Visit Mongolia - Regions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Gobi Desert is a vast zone of desert and desert steppe covering almost 30% of the Mongolian territory and north eastern China.
		30 families of Tsaatan (reindeer breeders) live in the taiga and forest steppe of the north and west retaining their ancestral culture based on shamanistic rituals and nomadic reindeer herding.
		Karakorum, in the Orkhon Valley, was the ancient capital of the Mongol Empire.
	www.visitmongolia.com /destinations.htm (1674 words)

	Agenda 21 - Mongolia
		The "Law on forest conservation, sustainable consumption, and reforestation" was designed with the assistance of the FAO and it was adopted by the Government resolution No.122, in 1998.
		The total forest area of Mongolia is 15.3 million hectares and is mainly located in the northern part of the country along the Russian border.
		Wood cutting and plant use for commercial purposes in prohibited areas indicated in the Laws on Forests and Natural Plants, as well as the extraction of sand and gravel, or the exploitation of mineral deposits in water source Protected Zones shall be prohibited without an approval proposal, drawings or authorization.
	www.un.org /esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/mongolia/natur.htm (10717 words)

	Environment
		The southern end of the Siberian Great Taiga is found in the north, the Mongolian and Manchurian vast grassland steppes are in the east, the Great Gobi Desert is in the south, and the high Altai Mountains are in the west and northwest.
		Based on its distribution of annual precipitation and landscape type, distribution of soil type, and floral and faunal characteristics, Mongolia is divided into six main ecological regions: the high mountain, the taiga, the mountain forest, the steppe, the desert steppe or semi-desert, and the Gobi-desert.
		The major rivers are the Kherlen, the Selenge, the Orkhon, the Khovd, the Tuul, the Zavkhan, and the Tamir.
	www.geocities.com /mongoliabird/page2.htm (494 words)

	[No title]
		Much of the remaining forests are harvest included 40,000 m3 of round wood and 580,000 m3 of fragmented and degraded.Loss and degradation of forests have fuelwood.
		Mongolia.9 Coniferous forests and extensive alpine landscapes formabiogeographicdividebetweenSiberiaandthedesertbasins Many plants and animals are used both for local purposes and of Central Asia, and are centers of plant and animal biodiversity.
		Steppe and forest grasses to tall ones,and intermediate to thicker cover.The voles in turn reduce the amount of grazing available for livestock.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2003/10/30/000090341_20031030104853/Rendered/INDEX/270300PAPER0Mongolia0Env0monitor02003.txt (10124 words)

	Mongolia Fun Facts, Information on Mongolia, Mongolia Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Orkhon (1,124 kilometers), the Kherlen (1090 kilometers) and the Selenge (539) are the largest rivers.
		Mountains and dense forests pre-dominate central and northern Mongolia and grasslands cover large areas of this region.
		The steppe grades in the Gobi desert, which extends throughout southern Mongolia from the east to the west of the country.
	www.mongolian-ways.com /about_mongolia.aspx?pageType=21 (236 words)

	Project Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		“Forest Welfare” project which intends to establish a community tree nursery around Batsumber village in order to support forestry activities and livelihoods of local community in absence of any state nursery and tree planting activities in the area.
		The grant is to place 500 artificial nests for pray birds in pasturelands being destroyed by Brandt Voles in order to control Brandt Voles’ population with biological method on one hand and to support birds population on the other.
		The grant intends to improve pasture by rehabilitating nearby spring and forest grove, organize herders livelihood in harmony with nature and generate a model.
	www.undp.org /sgp/cty/ASIA_PACIFIC/MONGOLIA/ov.htm (997 words)

	Don Croner's World Wide Wanders: Mongolia \| Four Sacred Mountains of Ulaan Baatar
		These trees are what remains of the Black Forest of the Tuul, where Tooril, leader of the Kerait and the original patron of Chingis Khan, made his headquarters during the last part of the twelfth century.
		This Black Forest of the Tuul is mentioned several times in the Secret History of the Mongols, the thirteenth-century account of the rise of the Mongols and the life of Chingis Khan.
		At the age of seven he was captured by the Merkits, who lived in the Selenge valley to the north, and treated as a slave, forced to grind millet into flour with a mortar and pestle.
	www.doncroner.com /Mongolia/Mountains/mountains.1.html (3147 words)

	Buddhist View International - Mongolia; Buddhist View is an internet resource for those interested in or practicing any ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The lake lies at 1645m, stretching 130km from the village of Hatgal at the southern tip up to the mountains of the Russian border in the north; it is a rift valley formed by volcanic activity and is 262m deep.
		To the east of the lake are extensive forests and rolling hills.
		This zone is the real example of steppe and forests coexist in mountainous area and affect each other.
	www.buddhistview.com /site/epage/7630_225.htm (4947 words)

	Mountain Bike Trip Mongolia
		Wind your way through steppes, mountain passes and beautiful valleys which are home to numerous nomadic families and clear mountain lakes and streams.
		This area is the magnificent of alpine forest, rocks formation, nomadic families.
		Terkhiin Tsagaan Lake is not as forested or as largeas Khovsgol Lake, it is a beautiful lake for camping, birdwatching, hiking, or *fishing.
	www.axn-travel.com /himalaya/specials/sp2.shtml (1533 words)

	Tours and Services (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Mongolian Gobi is a vast zone desert and desert steppe covering almost 30% of the Mongolian territory.
		Of its 838,000 hectares, 251,000 are forest (though some of the trees around the lake are now stumps).
		These places are located in forest, grassy plain and taiga, and they can be a wonderful surprised for our clients.
	www.geocities.com /chinggistour/id17.htm (2708 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Selenge-Orkhon forest steppe (PA0816) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Emerald green hills alternate between taiga (open coniferous forests) and grasslands in this ecoregion, which lies in the lower land areas skirting the Yablonovyy Range in Russia and the Khangay Mountains that rise from its center in Mongolia.
		Here, rolling hills and mountains form the boundary between the taiga forests to the north and the Central Asian grasslands to the south.
		Because this is a transitional zone, steppe vegetation and taiga vegetation are scattered throughout the ecoregion.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0816.html (302 words)

	Equal Earth - Paintings - Palearctic
		Some of this steppe ecoregion is in pristine condition, although most of the meadowed steppes are now used for agriculture.
		Rapid population growth, urbanization, and the spread of agriculture all threaten this ecoregion.
		Left relatively untouched are unproductive areas such as those with stony steppe vegetation.
	www.equalearth.org /palearctic10.htm (691 words)

	-: Visit Deluunboldog - Birthplace of the Great Khan :- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The principal mountains are concentrated in the west, with much of this region having elevations above 2,000 meters and the country’s highest peaks permanently snow-capped land covered with glaciers.
		Mountains and dense forests dominate central and northern Mongolia and grasslands cover large areas of this region.
		The Orkhon (1,124 kilometers), the Kherlen (1,090 kilometers) and the Selenge (539 kilometers) are the largest rivers.
	www.deluunboldog.com /geography.html (301 words)

	palearctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The Himalayas form the boundary between the Palearctic and Indomalaya ecoregions.
		Central European mixed forests (Austria, Belarus, Czech Republic, Germany, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, Russia, Ukraine)
		Illyrian deciduous forests (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Italy, Slovenia)
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Palearctic.html (1273 words)

	Mongolia and Wyoming/Montana
		There was a pastoral-nomadic economy, in a pastoral-nomadic society, with a pastoral-nomadic type of culture, and a history characteristic for Eurasian steppe nomads.
		The population of the Gobi and eastern steppe regions is low in absolute terms.
		This area represented a mixed land use region of forestry, cropland, rangelands and mining....Following this trip, they ventured into eastern Mongolia, visiting various research sites that were protected from grazing and served as experimental sites in the past.
	web.inter.nl.net /users/Paul.Treanor/mongoltana.html (7482 words)

	Mongolia Country Guide - General Information - World Travel Guide Provided By Columbus Travel Publishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		From north to south, it can be divided into four areas: mountain-forest steppe, mountain steppe and, in the extreme south, semi-desert and desert (the latter being about 3 per cent of the entire territory).
		The majority of the country has a high elevation, with the principal mountains concentrated in the west.
		There are several hundred lakes in the country and numerous rivers, of which the Orkhon is the longest at 1124km (698 miles).
	www.worldtravelguide.net /data/mng/mng.asp (391 words)

	Mongolian_tour
		These grasslands are found in the central and northern provinces (dominated by the Orkhon and Selenge rivers), and in the western provinces of Khovd and Bayan-Olgii.
		This area of larch and pine forests is found in Khetii province, around Khovsgol Nuur lake, and stretches into Siberia.
		It's an incredibly beautiful, rocky landscape with a few scattered forests in some of the better-watered valleys.
	www.owc.org.mn /tq/mgl_travel/html/english/geography.htm (415 words)

	DAAL
		Chemical composition and digestibility of fringed sagebrush (Artemisia frigida Willd.) + forbs + needlegrass (Stipa Krilovii Roshev.) and forbs + grasses communities in the forest steppe rangelands (in Mongolian).
		Chemical content and rumen degradability of desert steppe pasture.
		Research results on in vivo intake, nutritive value, and seasonal changes of rangeland forages in desert- steppe, steppe, high mountains of Mongolia (in Mongolian).
	oregonstate.edu /dept/eoarcunion/Daal/DAAL.php (819 words)

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