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Topic: Selenomethionine

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	Preparation of Selenomethionine-containig proteins for phasing
		Cells grown in selenomethionine tend to stay in stationary phase.
		For each particular strain the amount of rich medium in the starter culture and selenomethionine concentration in the fermentation medium should be determined.
		It does not require auxotrophic met- strains and is based on the blocking of methionine biosynthesis, by inhibiting aspartokinases in the presence of high concentration of isoleucine, lysine and threonine.
	www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk /pps97/assignments/projects/kozak/PREP1.HTM (734 words)

	Le Magazine, June 2003 - In The News: The American Academy Of Pediatrics Endorses Using Potassium Iodide For Children; ...
		Selenomethionine, through a series of steps, modifies a regulatory cellular protein called p53 (functional in normal but lost in tumor cells), which turns on a DNA repair pathway.
		Using ultraviolet light to damage cellular DNA, the research team found that treatment of the cells with selenomethionine activated a protein called Ref-1 that switched on p53 causing a three fold increase in p53 activity and a doubling of DNA repair in the cells.
		The likely protective action of selenium is that as long as selenomethionine is present in the normal cells it causes a permanent p53-directed stimulation of DNA repair; this reduces the accumulation of cancer-causing mutations in the cell and prevents the onset of the disease.
	www.lef.org /magazine/mag2003/jun2003_itn_02.html (1250 words)

	New Discoveries Expand Our Knowledge About Selenium's Importance
		Selenomethionine is ***similar to the essential amino acid methionine but with an atom of selenium instead of an atom of sulfur.
		I have been using various forms of selenium in my animal studies for thirty years and find that the selenium-containing amino acids (selenomethionine and selenocysteine) and the methylated selenides are far superior to the inorganic forms of selenium (selenite and selenate) in terms of overall health, longevity and freedom from cancer.
		Selenomethionine can furnish the required form of selenium for all four, whereas inorganic selenium has to be converted into selenomethionine or selenocysteine to be incorporated into two of the classes of selenoproteins.
	www.drpasswater.com /nutrition_library/selenium.html (2447 words)

	:: Sabinsa Corporation ::
		L-(+)-Selenomethionine administered in the form of selenomethionine containing yeast was found to be effective in reducing the risk of cancer in a significant study.
		Thus selenomethionine and yeast containing selenomethionine are the appropriate forms of selenium for use in nutritional supplements and foods including infant formulas3.
		However, if selenomethionine is supplied in the form of selenium yeast, it is important to ascertain that the selenium in the yeast is present in the form of L-(+)-Selenomethionine.
	www.sabinsa.com /1999_june.htm (1568 words)

	Selenium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Selenomethionine was found to be four times as effective as selenite in preventing the characteristic pancreatic degeneration caused by selenium deficiency in chicks1.
		The use of Selenomethionine as a nutritional supplement was established in the 1970s when researchers determined in metabolic studies that the compound is well absorbed and retained in the body.
		Selenomethionine is thus the predominant storage form of selenium and can be considered as an essential amino acid — as with methionine, selenomethionine cannot be efficiently synthesized by humans and monogastric animals1.
	www.youngagain.com /seleniumselect.html (9475 words)

	Practical applications for selenomethionine: broiler breeder reproduction - - Engormix.com
		Selenomethionine is readily utilized as a substrate by enzymes that use methionine, and selenomethio-nine may be more available than pure methionine (Markham et al., 1980).
		The selenoaminoacids are bound in protein, principally as selenomethionine and selenocysteine, and constitute 50 to 80% of the total Se in plants, grains (Butler and Peterson, 1967) and in Sel-PlexTM, the organic Se-enriched yeast (Kelly and Power, 1995).
		Selenomethionine is readily converted to selenocysteine by poultry and other animals (Cummins and Martin, 1967; Esaki et al., 1981).
	www.engormix.com /e_articles_view.asp?art=131 (6473 words)

	InB:Biotechnologies - Minerals
		Dietary selenium from plant sources is probably largely in the form of selenomethionine, whereas selenium derived from animal sources comprises selenocysteine, selenomethionine and other forms of selenium.
		Higher tissue concentrations in animals fed selenomethionine rather than selenite is not surprising since selenomethionine is an amino acid that is not distinguished from methionine in the body and so enters the methionine pool.
		However, incorporation of selenomethionine into proteins does not contribute any benefits of true functional selenoproteins because the selenium is not in the form of selenocysteine.
	www.nucycletherapy.com /minerals/selenium/brassica.htm (876 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Selenomethionine Content of Candidate Reference Materials
		Interpretive Summary: Selenium is an antioxidant of importance in the diet, often occurring as the organic form of selenomethionine (Semet, bound to protein.
		This information will be of interest to food testing and analysis laboratories in the private and governmental regulatory sectors that are interested in determining content of selenomethionine in food and dietary supplement products.
		Technical Abstract: Selenium is an antioxidant of importance in the diet, often occurring as the organic form of selenomethionine (Semet, bound to protein.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=117086&pf=1 (468 words)

	Sabinsa's Selenium SeLECT® Found More Bioavailable Than Other Forms of Selenium :: News :: Natural and Nutritional ...
		Participants were given selenium supplements in either the form of sodium selenite or selenomethionine (Selenium SeLECT was used) to determine the amount of selenium in both forms needed to optimize levels in the blood.
		Less than half the amount of selenium as selenomethionine was needed to reach optimal levels compared to selenium as selenite.
		When in the form of selenomethionine, which is an organic compound and the predominant form of selenium found in natural occurring food products, selenium is more than twice as available to be absorbed and used by the body.
	www.npicenter.com /anm/anmviewer.asp?a=12217&z=24 (647 words)

	Selenium supplement organic selenomethionine food grade
		Selected yeast strains incorporate selenium in the form of selenomethionine and thus are excellent sources of this natural organic food form of selenium.
		One should request the selenomethionine analysis of each lot to ensure that the effective nutritional form of selenium is present.
		On the other hand, selenomethionine, like its sulfur analog, methionine, cannot be synthesized efficiently in the human organism.
	www.nutriteck.com /selenium.html (1542 words)

	Publication Details - Harvey Cohen - Stanford University School of Medicine
		Selenomethionine does not affect PSA secretion independent of its effect on LNCaP cell growth.
		CONCLUSIONS: PSA secretion is not specifically inhibited by concentrations of selenomethionine corresponding to plasma selenium concentrations found in individuals supplemented with chemopreventive concentrations of selenized yeast.
		These data suggest that changes in serum PSA levels in individual patients during selenium supplementation is not an effect specific for PSA secretion, but rather may be a useful indicator for changes in disease progression in individual patients.
	www-med.stanford.edu /profiles/frdActionServlet?choiceId=showPublication&pubid=15200&fid=3801 (228 words)

	Selenium (Steve Harris; Jay Mann)
		Selenomethionine is incorporated >into proteins just like methionine, and it tends to accumulate in >proteins.
		It is now known that there is a special codon at the site of selenomethionine in both DNA and RNA for proteins like glutathione peroxidase and the thyroid inner ring deiodinase, which incorporate this amino acid at an active site.
		Thus, selenomethionine is NOT a post translation modification to proteins, but rather is a 21st amino acid specified by the RNA code, with its own special transfer RNA.
	yarchive.net /med/selenium.html (2404 words)

	L-(+)-Selenomethionine - Sabinsa
		Selenium occurs in foods in the form of the seleno-amino acids (selenomethionine and selenocysteine) and their derivatives.
		Sabinsa’s product is unique in that the selenomethionine is a molecularly integrated single chemical entity, containing selenium in place of sulfur in the molecule of the essential amino acid, methionine.
		It is important that Selenomethionine be present in the L-(+) form in selenium yeast and Selenomethionine supplements.
	www.seleniumselect.com /chiral.htm (441 words)

	clinical studies references
		Metabolism of selenite and selenomethionine in the rhesus monkey.
		Deagen JT, Butler JA, Beilstein MA, Whanger PD. Effects of dietary selenite, selenocystine and selenomethionine on selenocysteine lyase and glutathione peroxidase activities and on selenium levels in rat tissues.
		Ip C. Differential effect of dietary methionine on the biopotency of selenomethionine and selenite in cancer chemoprevention.
	www.pharmanex.com /nz/product/selenium.shtml (584 words)

	Selenium (EHC 58, 1986)
		On the basis of limited human studies, in which 100 µg selenium/day was given, selenium in the form of selenomethionine was retained in larger amounts than selenium given as selenite; it also resulted in higher blood- selenium levels.
		Comparison of selenite and selenomethionine in chick studies demonstrated that retention of selenium was greater when given as selenomethionine than when given as selenite.
		When mice were given toxic levels of selenium compounds, selenomethionine administration resulted in higher tissue-selenium levels than administration of the same level of selenium as selenite.
	www.inchem.org /documents/ehc/ehc/ehc58.htm (17261 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Selenomethionine Contents of Nist Wheat Reference Materials
		Values of the total selenium and selenomethionine (Semet) content of four wheat-based reference materials, available from NIST, have been obtained using gas chromatography-stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry methods.
		These data will be used by researchers in the public and private sectors interested in the species of selenium in foods.
		Investigation of the CNBr-based method suggests that additional experiments are needed to verify that all selenomethionine in the wheat samples is accounted for, but also indicates that the values obtained are within 15 % of the true values.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=155883 (409 words)

	SELENIUM: ANTI-OXIDANT, ANTI-CARCINOGEN AND IMMUNE SYSTEM BOOSTER
		In the organic forms selenomethionine and selenocysteine, a selenium atom is present in the position occupied by a sulfur atom in the amino acids methionine and cysteine.
		Both selenite and selenomethionine supplementation have been shown to significantly reduce oxidative DNA damage (8−OHdG formation) due to ultraviolet radiation [BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY; Rafferty,TS; 148:1001-1009 (2003)].
		Dietary selenium is primarily inorganic selenite or organic selenomethionine.
	www.benbest.com /nutrceut/Selenium.html (2716 words)

	Selenomethionine Inhibits Growth and Suppresses Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Protein Expression in Human Colon Cancer Cell ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Currently, selenium (in the form of high selenium containing yeast or selenomethionine) is being evaluated for anticancer effects against both human colon polyp recurrence and human prostate cancer, respectively.
		Chemical speciation analysis of the high selenium containing yeast indicates that selenomethionine (SeMet) is a major constituent of selenized yeast.
		Selenomethionine suppressed COX-2 RNA levels in HCA-7 cells which could account for decreased COX-2 protein levels.
	www.eurekah.com /archives/abstract.php?id=9&journal=cbt (268 words)

	Selenomethionine has superior bioavailability, suggests study
		The researchers found that less than half the amount of selenomethionine was needed to boost selenium to optimal levels, compared to selenium.
		What's more selenomethionine, an organic compound and the form of selenium that most often occurs naturally in food products, is twice as bioavailable as selenium.
		The same product is also being used by the National Cancer Institute in two studies into the effects of selenium and vitamin E — one, a 12-year study, investigates its potential to reduce the risk of prostate cancer and the other to prevent the onset of memory damage, including Alzheimer's, with age.
	www.nutraingredients-usa.com /news/news-ng.asp?n=59503-selenomethionine-has-superior (428 words)

	Selenium - Prevention Agents
		A byproduct of l-selenomethionine, methylselenol, is probably the anti-cancer form of selenium.
		A five-to-nine year safety and efficacy study tested whether selenized yeast, which is about 85 percent selenomethionine, could prevent nonmelanoma skin cancer.
		The study found that selenized yeast significantly reduced all cancer deaths and decreased rates of lung, prostate, and colorectal cancer.
	www3.cancer.gov /prevention/agents/Selenium.html (234 words)

	Your Vital Health - Selenium Kills Breast, Prostate and Melanoma Cancer Cells
		Selenomethionine was tested against each of three human tumor cell lines (MCF-7/S breast carcinoma, DU-145 prostate cancer cells and UACC-375 melanoma) and against normal human diploid fibroblasts.
		Selenomethionine inhibited the growth of all of the human tumor cell lines in the micromolar (microM) range (ranging from 45 to 130 microM) while growth inhibition of normal human fibroblasts were unharmed until the dose was 1000-fold higher (1 mM selenomethionine).
		Furthermore, the research showed that selenomethionine administration killed only the cancer cells and did not harm healthy cells.
	www.yourvitalhealth.com /news/vfn18.cfm (252 words)

	Selenomethionine, vitamin E combo effective - DermatologyTimes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		When it comes to application on the skin, the form that is "by the far the most effective is D-alpha-tocopherol," Dr. Burke said.
		The pigs that received topical applications of either selenomethionine or vitamin E experienced "markedly enhanced wound healing and markedly less inflammation," Dr. Burke said, whereas the other control groups improved only slightly.
		In human subjects, she found that the higher the concentration of topical L-selenomethionine applied, the greater the protection.
	www.dermatologytimes.com /dermatologytimes/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=4337 (821 words)

	Nutritional Selenium Supplements: Product Types, Quality, and Safety -- Schrauzer 20 (1): 1 -- Journal of the American ...
		were not using selenium yeast or selenomethionine in their products.
		Butler JA, Beilstein MA, Whanger PD: Influence of dietary methionine on the metabolism of selenomethionine in rats.
		Schrauzer GN: Selenomethionine and selenium yeast: appropriate forms of selenium for use in infant formulas and nutritional supplements.
	www.jacn.org /cgi/content/full/20/1/1 (2110 words)

	Effect of the chemical form of supranutritional selenium on selenium load and selenoprotein activities in virgin, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Effect of selenium on rat thioredoxin reductase activity: Increase by supranutritional selenium and decrease by selenium deficiency.
		Influence of dietary methionine on the metabolism of selenomethionine in rats.
		Effects of various dietary levels of selenium as selenite or selenomethionine on tissue selenium levels and glutathione peroxidase activity in rats.
	www.animal-science.org /cgi/content/full/83/2/422 (3303 words)

	Selenomethionine induces sustained ERK phosphorylation leading to cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Selenomethionine induces sustained ERK phosphorylation leading to cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells -- Goulet et al.
		Selenomethionine induces sustained ERK phosphorylation leading to cell-cycle arrest in human colon cancer cells
		Chigbrow,M. and Nelson,M. (2001) Inhibition of mitotic cyclin B and cdc2 kinase activity by selenomethionine in synchronized colon cancer cells.
	carcin.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/1/109 (5569 words)

	Roles for platelet-activating factor and {middle dot}NO-derived oxidants causing neutrophil adherence after CO ...
		Selenomethionine reactions with CO. Solutions of PBS containing up to 30 µM selenomethionine were bubbled with air containing 100 parts per million CO. The flask
		Where indicated, rats were injected with the peroxynitrite scavenger selenomethionine (seleno, 0.3 mg/kg iv) or the platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist WEB-2170 (2 mg/kg iv) 30 min before carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning.
		Inhibition by a stable analog of adenosine triphosphate of platelet aggregation by adenosine diphosphate.
	ajpheart.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/2/H923 (4264 words)

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