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	Pergamum Kingdom
		Pergamum Kingdom was built on the ashes of the Hellenistic Kingdoms in Asia Minor.
		Seleucid king Antiochus III was still a threat to Pergamum Kingdom and he showed that at every opportunity.
		Eumenes in alliance with Romans swept the Seleucid army at the battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, and following the peace treaty of Apameia in 188 BCE, Pergamum was given a large portion of the lands ruled by the Seleucids earlier.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/pergamum_kingdom.htm (1605 words)

	Seleucid Dynasty - LoveToKnow 1911
		SELEUCID DYNASTY, a line of kings who reigned in Nearer Asia from 312 to 65 B.C. The founder Seleucus (surnamed for later generations Nicator) was a Macedonian, the son of Antiochus, one of Philip's generals.
		Antiochus seemed to have restored the Seleucid empire in the east, and the achievement brought him the title of "the Great King." In 205/4 the infant Ptolemy V. Epiphanes succeeded to the Egyptian throne, and Antiochus concluded a secret pact with Philip of Macedonia for the partition of the Ptolemaic possessions.
		The kingdom was extinguished by Rome in 72.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Seleucid_Dynasty (3346 words)

	Definition of Seleucid Kingdom
		Silver coin of Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid Dynasty in 323 BC The empire was divided into three major portions, controlled by the descendants of Ptolemy Soter in Egypt, Antigonus Monopthalmos (literally "One-eyed") in Greece, and Seleucus in the Mideast.
		This kingdom was characterized by a rich Hellenistic culture, and was to continue its domination of Bactria until around 125 B.C., when it was overrun by the invasion of northern nomads.
		The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom was established in 166 BC, and in 142 BC the Seleucids recognized Jewish autonomy.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Seleucid_Kingdom (698 words)

	SELEUCIDS,
		The Seleucid kingdom had two capitals: Antioch in Syria and Seleucia on the Tigris in Mesopotamia.
		The Seleucids were Greek in language and culture, and they encouraged Greek colonists to settle in their domains.
		After 250 bc the Seleucids gradually lost control of the lands east of the Euphrates River and were expelled from Asia Minor.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=221962 (225 words)

	Seleucid Kingdom
		But c.246, during a short interregnum, the Seleucids lost much territory in the east, where the Parni settled themselves in the satrapy of Parthia -in northern Iran- and the satrapy of Bactria -Afghanistan- became independent.
		The Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great was able to reconquer these territories between 209 and 204.
		In the southwest, the Seleucid kings fought several wars with the Egyptians; in 200, their king was forced to cede Palestine to Antiochus III.
	www.chn-net.com /timeline/seleucid_study.html (352 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		The capital of the Commagene Kingdom was Samosata (Samsat) which lies today submerged by the water of the Atatürk Dam.
		Vespasian, in 72, annexed the kingdom to the Roman province of Syria after Antiochos IV was deposed for supposedly conspiring with the Parthians against Rome.
		The Kingdom of Pontus: when Mithridates of Cius on the Propontis, who was a prince of Persian origin in the service of Antigonus, was killed in 302 BC, his son Mithridates I, took advantage of the confusion caused by the Diadochian wars to break away from the Seleucids.
	www.guide-martine.com /history4.asp (2283 words)

	The Seleucid Empire (Syria)
		Later, the Seleucid king Antiochus III the Great was able to reconquer these territories, during a series of eastern wars between 209 and 204.
		Seleucid influence in Europe, however, was something that the Romans could not allow to happen, and the inevitable war between the two superpowers broke out in 192.
		New losses followed, civil wars between two rival factions of the Seleucid family were inevitable, and in the second quarter of the first century, the Roman generals Lucullus and Pompey the Great made an end to the Seleucid kingdom.
	www.livius.org /se-sg/seleucids/seleucids.html (519 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The Hellenization of the Seleucid empire was achieved by the establishment of Greek cities throughout the empire.
		In Asia Minor too, the Seleucid dynasty seemed to be losing control — Gauls had fully established themselves in Galatia, semi-independent semi-Hellenized kingdoms had sprung up in Bithynia, Pontus, and Cappadocia, and the city of Pergamum in the west was asserting its independence under the Attalid Dynasty.
		Demetrius I attempted to restore Seleucid power in Judea particularly, but was overthrown in 150 BC by Alexander Balas — an impostor who (with Egyptian backing) claimed to be the son of Epiphanes.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Seleucid_dynasty (2568 words)

	History of the Syrian Kingdom of the Seleucids
		He forgot, apparently, that by placing his capital at one extremity of his long kingdom he weakened it generally, and, in particular, loosened his grasp upon the more eastern provinces, which were the least Hellenized and the most liable to revolt.
		The alliance between Rome and Pergamus, and the consequent aggrandizement of that kingdom, were deeply injurious to Syria, and greatly accelerated her decline.
		The Syrian kingdom was confined within Taurus on the north, the Euphrates on the east, and Palestine on the south.
	www.historyofmacedonia.org /AncientMacedonia/Seleucidae.html (3433 words)

	An Interpretation of the Book of Daniel
		Per Daniel 7: 23-25 “The fourth beast shall be the fourth kingdom upon earth, which shall be greater than all the kingdoms, and shall devour the whole earth, and shall tread it down, and break it in pieces.
		As a consequence the Seleucid Kingdom became known as Syrian since its activities were somewhat confined to Syria around its capitol at Antioch, Syria.
		The persecution prophesied for the fourth kingdom was fulfilled under the subsequent Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes (175-163 BC).
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/Kirche_Enterprises/Daniel/Daniel.html (2564 words)

	Europa Barbarorum
		With much of the Seleucid kingdom in a state of some dissatisfaction, and Antiochus II having recently been poisoned by his wife, it fell to their son Seleucus II to rule.
		Antiochus VI never really reigned over the Seleucid Kingdom, but was nominated for the kingship when Alexander Balas was killed, by a general loyal to him.
		The seventh Seleucid king to go by the name Antiochus ruled in the absence of his brother, Demetrius II who was at the time held captive in Armenia.
	www.europabarbarorum.com /factions_arche-seleukeia_history.html (2567 words)

	Seleucid Triumph
		The new Kingdom was radically different than past rulers, as its dynasty was not Roman in the least- it was the Franks, who seized Rome in 359 AD and had themselves granted the laurels.
		With Seleucid attention diverted to India and the East, the Romans were able to repulse the attack, and took much of southern Germania as the province of Germania Australia, while the Belgic lands eventually became part of Celtia.
		Romanesque cities were constructed in the "Civilized Kingdoms of the South", as Trinovantium, Brigantium, Icenia, and Dumnonia were known, while Latin often became a language of the aristocracy next to their native Brythonic tongues, which were written in a Latin alphabet.
	www.changingthetimes.net /samples/0to9/seleucid_triumph.htm (8173 words)

	Chapter 15: The Seleucid Capital Moved West to Antioch
		Recognizing that the western part of his kingdom was politically more important than the east, he decided to build a further new city in the west, a city which could be his political capital.
		The Seleucids believed in Chaldean astrology, and the kings of Commune, as well as a great number of Syrian cities, had the signs of the zodiac as emblems on their coins.
		The Seleucid kingdom was basically a Babylonian one with a Greek veneer (or, better yet, it was a Babylonian kingdom to the core but it was now using primarily the Greek language and cultural ideas to express its Babylonian principles).
	www.askelm.com /people/peo017.htm (2474 words)

	Antiochus Epiphanes IV
		Antiochus Ephiphanes IV was a king in the Seleucid Dynasty so let's begin with the history of the Seleucid kingdom and the relationship of Palestine to this kingdom.
		During the problem years in the Seleucid government, Egypt was thinking of retaking her lost territory to the north.
		The Seleucid kingdom was greatly reduced and even this limited area was held precariously till the Romans totally absorbed it.
	dedication.www3.50megs.com /dan/epiphanes.html (1939 words)

	Untitled Document
		The Seleucid kingdom had reached the zenith of its power.
		Under Seleucid king Antiochus IV.'s ("Epiphanes") internal strife and external force culminate in an attempt to suspend the Torah and to convert Jerusalem into a Hellenistic polis (renamed "Antioch in Judaea").
		In the late second century, when the Seleucids are decisively weakened on other fronts, the Hasmoneans renew the national independence of Judah and greatly expand its realm by conquest and forced conversion, establishing the second royal dynasty in Judah.
	www.bu.edu /people/mzank/Jerusalem/cp/seleucidhist.htm (204 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Seleucids
		He restored and expanded the Seleucid empire, regaining the vassal kingdoms of Parthia and Bactria and conquering...
		He led a Jewish revolt in Judaea against the Seleucid king Antiochus IV Epiphanes from around 167, and succeeded in recovering Jerusalem, dedicating the Temple anew, and protecting Judaism from Hellenization.
		The Seleucid holdings were greatly reduced, particularly by the Egyptians under Ptolemy II.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Seleucids&StartAt=11 (772 words)

	IRANIAN HISTORY: PARTHIANS: Dynasty of Arsacid Empire - (CAIS) ©
		In the following decades the Seleucids were mostly to concentrate their interest and their power on the western half of their vast kingdom, particularly as a result of their struggles against the Lagids for dominance in Syria.
		The movements of the Parni and Dahae beginning in the area between the Oxus and the Jaxartesand ending in the immediate vicinity of the Seleucid satrapy of Parthava, are difficult to reconstruct and therefore a matter of dispute among historians.
		The first campaign of Mithridates I was probably directed against the Greco-Bactrian kingdom (between 160 and 155 B.C.) with the aim of reconquering the territories that had been lost in that region during the reign of Arsaces I, especially the area around Nisa.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/ashkanian/arsacid_dynasty.htm (7139 words)

	Seleucid Coins, Part I: Seleucus I-Antiochus III (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Seleucid Coins represents the culmination of more than a decade of research and examination of material from major private and public collections, excavations in source countries, public sales catalogs and the coin market.
		Seleucid Coins, Part I, lists, reign-by-reign and mint-by-mint, the totality of the known coins of the Seleucid kings of Asia from the dynasty’s founding by Seleucus I Nicator in 313/2 B.C. to the death of Antiochus III (The Great) in 187.
		Seleucid Coins is designed for those newly interested in the field as well as for those with special interests in the disciplines of numismatics, archaeology, history, and art history.
	www.seleukids.org /SCpart1.html (328 words)

	[No title]
		The actual battle concluded with a general retreat by the Seleucids when their center was threatened with encirclement (and their leader was nowhere in sight), but there are no rules to simulate this kind of occurrence in the game.
		Some of the Seleucid light infantry were, according to Polybius, armed as phalangites, and should have either been classified as heavy infantry, or should have had at least some vulnerability to flank attacks.
		Seleucid light infantry (only a few of which have a strength rating of greater than 3) are almost useless, except as support for the elephants or to slow down the opposition for a turn or two.
	www.grognard.com /reviews/raphia.txt (1361 words)

	BRIEF HISTORICAL BACKGROUND TO THE NEW TESTAMENT
		Eventually Alexander's unified empire was broken into smaller Hellenistic kingdoms, two of which were the Seleucid kingdom—stretching from Asia Minor eastward—and the Ptolemaic kingdom, which was centered in Egypt.
		A major source of tension was the issue of Hellenism, which was the state-supported culture of the Seleucid kingdom; the Seleucid rulers encouraged Hellenism among their subject peoples in hope of unifying them into a single culture, thereby lessening the possibility of dissension and revolt.
		Upon the death of Herod Agrippa I in 44, the whole territory that he ruled was annexed to the province of Syria; it was ruled by Roman procurators under the authority of the proconsul of Syria.
	www.abu.nb.ca /courses/NTIntro/History1.htm (4474 words)

	SELEUCID EMPIRE
		Kingdom established by Seleukos, general of Alexander the Great, after the death of Alexander the Great in Babylon.
		Kingdom of Syria, Antiochus VII Sidetes, 138-129 BC, AR tetradrachm, (16.59g) Antioch or mint associated with Antioch, Diademed and draped head right, fillet border.
		Following an abortive attack on Ptolemaic Egypt he lost the northern part of his Kingdom to the usurper Alexander Zebina, and in 125 BCE was murdered in Tyre.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/seleucidPic.htm (1921 words)

	The Parthian period (
		The coming of the Parthians changed Mesopotamia even less than the establishment of the Seleucid kingdom had, for as early as the middle of the 2nd century BC local dynasts had proclaimed their independence.
		The end of the Parthian kingdom was near, and the advent of the Sasanians brought a new phase in the history of Mesopotamia.
		From archaeological surveys around Susa, located in the kingdom of Elymais in modern Khuzestan, and from the Diyala plain northeast of Ctesiphon, it seems that the population of the land increased greatly under the Parthians, as did trade and commerce.
	www.angelfire.com /nt/Gilgamesh/parthian.html (2485 words)

	Seleucid Empire - Information from Reference.com
		The Hellenization of the Seleucid empire was achieved by the establishment of Greek cities through out the empire.
		The creation of new Greek cities and towns were aided by the fact that the Greek mainland was over overpopulated and therefore made the vast Seleucid empire ripe for colonization.
		Such was the case with the Jewish population of the Seleucid empire because the Jews posed a significant problem and which eventually lead to war.
	www.reference.com /search?q=Seleucid+Empire (2617 words)

	Seleucus I Nicator (358/4 - 281 B.C.)
		Macedonian army officer, founder of the Seleucid kingdom.
		This conquest marked the beginning of the Seleucid era, which is dated Dios 1 (Oct. 7), 312, in the Macedonian calendar and Nisan 1 (April 3), 311, in the Babylonian calendar.
		He embarked on an expansion of his kingdom throughout the Iranian east (the upper satrapies) as far as India, but his advance was eventually halted by Candragupta, the founder of the Maurya dynasty of India.
	www.thelatinlibrary.com /imperialism/notes/seleucus.html (1004 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
		The Seleucid empire was assaulted from two sides: the Parthians attacked from the east, the Romans from the west.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	A General History of the Near East, Chapter 6
		The Seleucids were initially preoccupied with troubles in the west; it wasn't until 232 or 231 B.C. that Seleucus II arrived in the east with an army to put down the rebellion.
		The eastern territories of the Seleucid kingdom had been lost for good; the frontier of western civilization was pushed back to the Euphrates.
		As a result, they were last used by the Seleucids in their campaigns against the Maccabees in the mid-second century B.C. After that war elephants went out of fashion except in India and Southeast Asia, where presumably the risks of having them around went unnoticed because every army used them.
	www.xenohistorian.faithweb.com /neareast/ne06.html (11566 words)

	Syria Gate - About Syria - Latakia History
		In the 2nd Millennium BC Latakia was part of the Kingdom of Ugarit.
		Ugarit a Syro-Phoenician kingdom is being excavated at the moment about 20 Km north of Latakia.
		It later became an important part of the Seleucid kingdom and with corresponding Antioch, Apamea, and Seleucia-on-Tigris was considered one of the most important cities of this kingdom.
	www.syriagate.com /Syria/about/cities/Latakia/history.htm (350 words)

	Freeman & Sear -
		Antiochus VII Euergetes (also known as Sidetes, after the city of Sidon in Phoenicia, where he was born) came close to restoring the power and prestige of the Seleucid Kingdom before events conspired to destroy him.
		Son of the Seleucid monarch Demetrius I and younger brother of Demetrius II, he assumed the throne after his brother’s humiliating capture by the Parthians in 138 BC.
		The Seleucid Kingdom never recovered from this disaster and entered a terminal decline under Antiochus’ weak-willed, pleasure-loving successors.
	www.freemanandsear.com /displayproduct.pl?prodid=3366 (333 words)

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