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Topic: Self computer language

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	Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most languages that are widely used, or have been used for a considerable period of time, have standardization bodies that meet regularly to create and publish formal definitions of the language, and discuss extending or supplementing the already extant definitions.
		Functional languages often restrict names to denoting run-time computed values directly, instead of naming memory locations where values may be stored, and in some cases refuse to allow the value denoted by a name to be modified at all.
		Languages that use garbage collection are free to allow arbitrarily complex data structures as both expressed and denoted values.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Programming_language (1791 words)

	NewtonScript - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is heavily influenced by the Self computer language, but extended to be more suited to the personal digital assistant's needs.
		One is that the typical Self snapshot requires 32MB of RAM to run in, whereas the Newton had only 128kB internally to use for the system.
		Finally the "inheritance" system in the normal Self engine had a single parent object, whereas GUI's typically have two -- one for the objects and another for the GUI layout that is typically handled via the addition of a slot in some sort of GUI-hierarchy object (like View).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/NewtonScript_programming_language (652 words)

	Computer Language vs. Alchemical Language
		The patterns of this symbolic language may be experienced internally as yin-yang qi flow in the micro-cosmic orbit up the spine and down the chest or in the other eight extraordinary vessels; as cycling movement of the 5 phases (elements) qi through the vital organs, or as all pervading spiritual qualities (de).
		The computer screen, hardware and software are commanded by the "outer" will of the keyboard operator, meaning the person must direct his energy into an activity or thing seen as separate from himself, which eventually tires him out.
		It's possible to view the alchemical language speaker (shen), the language/words being silently spoken (qi), the recorded form of the speech (jing), and the total field of possible expresssion (wu) as all contained within the alchemist and communicated by resonance to the macrocosm of Nature, which mirrors the same jing-qi-shen-wu components in another dimension..
	www.healingtaousa.com /articles/taoalchemy_ch04.html (1328 words)

	Computing Languages List
		The language was further extended to use computational reflection to manage distributed computing and other language extensions in a way that is as seamless as possible to the user.
		The language is suitable for expressing a large class of numerical processor in a form sufficiently concise for direct automatic translation into the language of programmed automatic computers.
		The algorithmic language has three different kinds of representations- reference, hardware, and publication, and the development described is in terms of the language are represented by a given set of symbols and it is only in the choice of symbols that the other two representations may differ.
	www.hypernews.org /HyperNews/get/computing/lang-list.html (17532 words)

	NULL - The Ultimate Computer Language [rec.humor.funny]
		Computer Language Breakthrough Bell Laboratories has formally announced what it believes is the ultimate computer science language.
		This brilliant concept was extended through a series of complex mathematical theorems that form the basis of the NULL language.
		An important point to note is that with the addition of a small amount of language dependent code, e.g.
	www.netfunny.com /rhf/jokes/90q4/nullang.html (377 words)

	Properties of Language
		Language is complex communication in the auditory channel.
		Language is so complex that an infinite number of messages are possible.
		Language also has the property of self-reference, meaning that one can communicate about language with language.
	peace.saumag.edu /faculty/Kardas/Courses/DP/proplang.html (559 words)

	Machine language (from computer) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Meanwhile, computer pioneer J.C.R. Licklider at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) began to promote the idea of interactive computing as an alternative to batch processing.
		The distinction between computer programs and equipment is often made by referring to the former as software and the latter as hardware.
		A machine may be as simple as a screw, or it may be as large and complex as an automobile.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-216054 (894 words)

	Workshop on the Icon Programming Language
		Paul noted that a standard defined a floor, not a ceiling, on a language's features, and there should be no problem with extensions in a particular implementation.
		The focus of this work is on the dynamic extension of applications in multiple languages (C and Icon are supported), where the user interface and the (user or library) extensions are factored out from the user application.
		He noted that you can always add interpreter features that are impractical in a compiler and that programmers seem to be satisfied with, for example, using a C interpreter in part of their program-development cycle and then going to a C compiler for production, even though the two have different features.
	www.cs.arizona.edu /icon/docs/ipd061.htm (3264 words)

	Reporting the state of an apparatus to a remote computer patented
		Abstract The state of an apparatus is reported to a remote computer using an embedded device in the apparatus.
		The embedded device detects the state, generates an electronic mail message that reports the state using a self-describing computer language, and sends the electronic mail message to the remote computer.
		The remote computer receives the electronic mail message and extracts the state of the embedded device from the message.
	www.mail-archive.com /nanog@merit.edu/msg24921.html (264 words)

	Introduction to Computation (CS1) -- Catalog Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The course puts the components of computer science in context, serving as an overview for students specializing in computational disciplines and alerting all students to important subtleties which may arise when applying computation in their studies, research, and work.
		At the end of this course, students should be able to read and write (synthesize, analyze, understand) small programs (100 lines) and have the intellectual framework necessary to rapidly assimilate new computer languages as the need arises.
		Computer Language Shop (CS11) for students to gain additional skill in any particular computer language once they understand the basic ideas behind computer programs as developed in CS1.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /courses/cs1/courseadmin/catalog_description.html (216 words)

	Self-Guided Second Language Learning
		The report describes the self-reported strategies of 30 adults who were independent language learners for a period of 6 months and kept diaries of their language learning experience.
		The detailed assessment checklist presented_-for teach-yourself language packages_-gives two examples of research applications: a survey of a range of course packages and an analysis of the patterns of materials used by an individual learner of Hungarian.
		The four basic tasks useful to language learners in achieving their learning goals include learning of: discrete language items, content or ideas of the subject studied, language skills, and organization of discourse.
	www.cal.org /ericcll/minibibs/SecondLang.html (626 words)

	CECS 401 Fundamentals of Spoken Language Processing
		The course will be focused on statistical models of speech and language, including hidden Markov models, EM algorithm, and a number of newly innovated statistical learning algorithms, which are powerful tools for speech processing and beyond.
		Language modeling: self-organizing statistical language models such as n-grams and their usage in modeling syntax and semantic of natural language.
		Spoken language processing is an important research area in information technology and is multidisciplinary in nature.
	meru.rnet.missouri.edu /courses/cecs401slp (422 words)

	NULL - The Ultimate Computer Language [rec.humor.funny]
		Bell Laboratories has formally announced what it believes is the ultimate computer science language.
		Described by Iusi Nogoto, the foremost Japanese fourth generation language expert, as "the only truly elegant computer language ever devised." NULL, as it is known, was developed by the same department that originally invented the wrong number, the busy signal, and the phrase, "The number you have reached is not in service."
		NULL is the culmination of five years of work by a team of language designers and computer science mathematicians.
	www.netfunny.com /rhf/jokes/new90/nullang.html (455 words)

	Danny Homeschooling Dad: Intelligence, Soul, Language and Word
		There are two things being discussed in the blog world which all tie together for me: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and life (abortion & Terri Schiavo).
		Both intelligence and soul are based on language: without language, soul could not exist and intelligence would be unmeasurable.
		Without language, one cannot distinguish humans from other animals.
	dannyhsdad.blogspot.com /2005/03/intelligence-soul-language-and-word.html (180 words)

	A Language Overview (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Abstract: Phantom is a new interpreted language designed to address many of the problems which arise when developing large-scale, interactive, distributed applications such as distributed conferencing systems, multi-player games or collaborative work tools.
		To meet the requirements of this application domain, Phantom combines the distributed lexical scoping semantics of Obliq with a substantial language core.
		The language is based on a safe, extended subset of Modula-3, and supports a number of modern...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /39406.html (276 words)

	JavaML: A Markup Language for Java Source, by Greg J. Badros
		Since the first computer programming languages, programmers have used a text representation as the medium for encoding software structure and computation.
		The Java Markup Language is influenced by and benefits from numerous features of the two technologies it builds a bridge between: Java and XML.
		A document type definition is a formal description of the grammar of the specific language to be used by a class of XML documents.
	www.badros.com /greg/papers/javaml/javaml.html (6543 words)

	The Elementary Language Arts Program
		Starting in Kindergarten, the classroom is designed as a “language rich” environment.
		In these the children are grouped differently, so that they may benefit from one another’s learning styles and creative gifts.
		Spelling is a continual exercise that begins with “invented spelling” and gently progresses toward conventional usage, in order to protect the child’s freedom of expression from the constraints of “correctness.”D.E.A.R. (Drop Everything And Read) is a time set aside so that everyone, including the teachers, simply shares the joy of reading for their own pleasure.
	www.caedmonschool.org /language.html (313 words)

	language/lisp/scheme/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		A computer language should provide an environment in which the programmer can creatively produce good computational models or paradigms for the problem at hand.
		I call the ease of constructing paradigms the language's "paradigmicity." Languages with low paradigmicity are boring.
		The creativity of humans is too diverse, our computing needs too varied, and our love of aesthetics too great to be hobbled by languages with low paradigmicity.
	www.ptf.com /ptf/products/UNIX/current/0335.0.html (263 words)

	XML - Extensible Markup Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		XML is similar to the language of today's Web pages, HTML.
		This means that an XML file can be processed purely as data by a program or it can be stored with similar data on another computer or, like an HTML file, that it can be displayed.
		XML is actually a simpler and easier-to-use subset of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), the standard for how to create a document structure.
	www.cs.rit.edu /~spr/CLQABS/hpb2.html (186 words)

	Dufflebunk's Funge Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		Long Answer: Most computer languages execute in a fairly dull manner.
		Funge is also a self-modifying language, which means that the code that is running can be changed while it's running!
		It is a stack based, multidimensional, multidirectional, self-modifying computer language (usually interpreted).
	dufflebunk.iwarp.com /JSFunge/main1.htm (429 words)

	Computer Languages History
		There is only 50 languages listed in my chart, if you don't find "your" language, see The Language List of Bill Kinnersley (he has listed more than 2500 languages).
		The Development of the C Language by Dennis Ritchie
		An interactive historical roster of computer languages by Diarmuid Pigott.
	www.levenez.com /lang (258 words)

	LSS Language Labs
		The LSS Language Labs consist of a Learning/Media Lab, a traditional Classroom Language Lab, a Multimedia Computer Lab, and an InfoLab (Computers).
		Audiovisual materials for over 100 foreign languages and other Letters and Science courses are available in the Media Library (see our Media Catalog for information on our collection).
		This lab is a more traditional language lab in that it contains a SONY LC5000 language lab console connected to 30 student tape decks.
	polyglot.lss.wisc.edu /lss/langlabs.html (654 words)

	Language
		We are investigating ways in which artifical agents can self-organise languages with natural-language like properties and how meaning can co-evolve with language.
		Our research is based on the hypothesis that language is a complex adaptive system that emerges through adaptive interactions between agents and continues to evolve in order to remain adapted to the needs and capabilities of the agents.
		The aim of this project is to develop theories about the co-evolution of syntax and semantics using robotic and computer simulations.
	www.csl.sony.fr /Research/Topics/Language (190 words)

	SLNLI - Self Learning Natural Language Interface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		The initial knowledge that the system has is a list of typical questions that a user might ask, and web addresses that will answer the queries.
		The data file for a particular application has only a general title (as the same software is used for different applications), the number of initial questions, and question/web address lines as above.
		When the user clicks on a link to the interface, s/he will be shown a page where they can type a natural language query into a box, and click to continue.
	users.wmin.ac.uk /~clemenr/SLNLI/slnli.html (514 words)

	Computer Language Shop (CS11) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		CS 11 is a self-paced lab that provides students with extra practice and supervision transferring their programming skills to a particular programming language; the course can be used for any language of the student's choosing, subject to approval by the instructor.
		A series of exercises guide the student through the pragmatic use of the chosen language, building his/her familiarity, experience, and style.
		A very brief description of some past projects and the languages that they were implemented in can be found here.
	www.cs.caltech.edu /courses/cs11/overview.html (196 words)

	CGRER Available Software: ARC Macro Language Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-04)
		There is a self-study workbook and sample code available for learning the ARC Macro Language (AML).
		Important Note: all the AML commands must be entered in upper case even though the workbook shows the command in lower case - see page xxv for additional information about this restriction.
		The self-study book is entitled ARC Macro Language: Developing ARC/INFO Menus and Macros with AML, a copy of which is available in the CGRER computer laboratory.
	www.cgrer.uiowa.edu /cgrer_lab/software/esri/aml.html (126 words)

	GSE LAI 585 - Self-Regulated/Autonomous Learning in Second Language Context
		This is a course on developing your proficiency in a second language, English or Spanish--whichever language you wish to improve and doing so in a self-directed mode.
		In this seminar we will discuss literature on self-directed/autonomous learning of a second language written by theoreticians and practitioners who are working in England, France, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Australia, the United States and other countries.
		This course is appropriate for anyone interested in developing their proficiency in a second language and learning how teachers in many countries design self-directed learning experiences for their students in classroom settings.
	www.gse.buffalo.edu /fas/hosenfeld/585 (317 words)

	' + (typeof(h_Name) != "undefined" && h_Name != "" ? h_Name : li) + ' - ' + HP + '
		For this school we have chosen a topic of great relevance to researchers and developers in Europe and in other multilingual environments: the use of language and speech technology in language learning, both of spoken and of written language.
		Participants are expected to have a general computational background and some familiarity with language or speech research and/or processing.
		After completion of the summer school participants should be able to function in teams aimed at designing or implementing tools, environments or courses for Computer Assisted Language Learning (abbreviated CALL).
	www.mayeticvillage.com /QuickPlace/ess2003/Main.nsf/h_337FEB2ECBE97085C1256D2700092FBF/d1bf073a5da6107ac1256d27000947ae?OpenDocument (204 words)

	CALL Bibliography
		As the Computer Was Turned On: A Case Study of Computer-Mediated Educational Experience in an ESL Classroom.
		Computers in foreign language education: Teaching, learning, and language-acquisition research.
		Computer detection of errors in natural language texts: some research on pattern-matching.
	www.nol.net /~athel/athelbb.html (10838 words)

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