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	Self-organization -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most robust and unambiguous examples of self-organizing systems are from (The science of matter and energy and their interactions) physics, where the concept was first noted.
		One of the earliest statements of this idea was by the philosopher (French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)) Descartes, in the fifth part of his Discourse on Method, where he presents it hypothetically.
		However, a closed system can gain macroscopic order while increasing its overall ((thermodynamics) a thermodynamic quantity representing the amount of energy in a system that is no longer available for doing mechanical work) entropy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/se/self-organization.htm (2747 words)

	Self-Organization FAQ
		The boundary at which the system goes from disconnected to connected is a sudden one, a step or phase change in the properties of the system.
		Systems that are able to change their number of connections (by mutation) are found to move from the chaotic (K high) or static (K low) regions spontaneously to that of the phase transition and stability - the self-organising criticality.
		Systems that use energy flow to maintain their form are said to be dissipative systems, these would include atmospheric vortices, living systems and similar.
	psoup.math.wisc.edu /archive/sosfaq.html (4008 words)

	Self-organizing Systems Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The resulting system is highly dependent upon the initial conditions that existed at the bifurcation point.
		As the system becomes increasingly non-eqilibrium in character, there are greater broken symmetries, greater metastability, and increasingly powerful "strange attractors" driving it.
		The classical "cosmic" city established as a copy of the macrocosm by a strong central authority is generally a closed system with little opportunity for innovation and surprise.
	www.colorado.edu /Conferences/pilgrimage/systempics.html (127 words)

	Is Society a Self-Organizing System?
		Notions of systems which organize the social process autonomously have been around in social theory, particularly on the marxist side, but these theories were suspect because of their lack of analytical rigor, and consequently of sophistication in empirical design.
		The crucial point is that the system is healthy as long as it communicates what it is supposed to communicate, as long as the subsystems perform their operations at the right moments in time, and as long as each subsystem additionally self-controls its structural organization with reference to its operation.
		As we saw in the paradigm example, in a self-organizing system control flip-flops: the contributors to the genesis and the maintenance of the system are no longer able to control the system's substance, although this substance is logically a result of their interactions.
	users.fmg.uva.nl /lleydesdorff/jses93/index.htm (9026 words)

	Neurological Positivism
		The power of the dynamical systems approach to provide both an easily communicable visual geometric language and a metamodeling strategy for the science and practice of psychology is providing support for the metaparidigm shift currently under way in psychology.
		A dynamical system is defined as a vectorfield of the tendencies of the system to change at every state of the system.
		The system is very unstable with a characteristic portrait at that bifurcation point, and any small change in the control parameter and thus the vectorfield, pushes the system quickly to either side of the bifurcation point, where its character may be revealed by a new portrait.
	www.blueberry-brain.org /dynamics/np.htm (10842 words)

	Self-Organizing Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		These positions exist in the basins of attraction of the system and are inherently unstable, putting the system under stress of some sort, and causing it to move along a trajectory to an new attractor, which is forms the self-organized state.
		In the context of self-organizing systems, the attractors are the only stable states the system has, selection pressure is a force on the system attempting to perturb it to a different attractor.
		Systems that are able to change their number of connections (by mutation) are found to move from the chaotic (K high) or static (K low) regions spontaneously to that of the phase transition and stability - the self-organizing criticality.
	www.coachofmanycolors.com /Appendix/selforganizing.htm (7656 words)

	Self-Organizing Systems: A Tutorial in Complexity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		To say that a system is self-organized is to say it is not entirely directed by top-down rules, although there might be global constraints on the system.
		A system must be thermodynamically open because otherwise it would use up all the usable energy in the system (maximizing its corollary, namely, the entropy) and reach what is known as heat death.
		System states and dynamics are displayed and analyzed by the programs at any time during the system's run [Forrest and Jones, 1994]; [Hiebeler, 1994].
	www.ncst.ernet.in /kbcs/vivek/issues/13.1/sos/sos.html (6762 words)

	Consulting: Self-Organizing Systems Change
		It is built around a year-long in-depth training process for action teams of 5-6 people and their sponsors higher in the system.
		Each organization works with four other organizations located nearby, thereby developing an ongoing network for perspective while pooling resources and minimizing travel costs.
		We establish “containers” opportunities for the kinds of dialogue that draw a larger and larger group of people to act as sponsors, co-creators, and participants, based on their own interest and commitment, the innovations they are already conducting, and the urgency they perceive for the whole.
	www.thinkingtogether.com /consulting/sstones.html (237 words)

	Theories
		Such systems are said to be 'self-organizing' and the behavior of aggregates of components is said to be 'emergent'.
		No adequate theory exists, primarily because it is not possible to construct such a theory from inside the system: all social theorists are enmeshed in the social relations they describe; we cannot escape being part of a gender system, a class system, a specific cultural-historical epoch, etc.
		Systems of signs are constituted by the complex meaning-relations that can exist between one sign and another, primarily relations of contrast and superordination/subordination (e.g.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /education/jlemke/theories.htm (2456 words)

	Self-organizing Systems
		We explore the conditions necessary to describe self-organizing systems, inspired on decades of their study, in order to understand them better.
		We state that self-organization is a way of observing systems, not a class of systems.
		While the hardware and software technology to build such systems already exists, yet there is no protocol to direct and give meaning to their interactions.
	homepages.vub.ac.be /~cgershen/sos (704 words)

	Self-Organizing Systems FAQ for Usenet newsgroup comp.theory.self-org-sys
		The attractors in complex systems vary in their persistence, some have long durations so can appear as fixed 'objects', some are of very short duration (transient attractors), many are intermediate (e.g.
		These positions exist in the basins of attraction of the system and are inherently unstable, putting the system under stress of some sort, and causing it to move along a trajectory to a new attractor, which forms the self-organized state.
		In the phase transition region the system is generally divided into active areas of variable behaviour separated by fixed barriers of static components (frozen nodes - the stable core).
	www.calresco.org /sos/sosfaq.htm (8398 words)

	ipedia.com: Self-organization Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The idea that the dynamics of a system can tend, by themselves, to make it more orderly, has a long history.
		The ancient atomists (among others) had argued that a designing intelligence was unnecessary, generally arguing that given enough time and space and matter, organization is bound to happen at some point, but not that there would be any tendency for this to happen.
		Self-organization as a word and concept was used by those associated with general systems theory in the 1960s, but was really taken up by physicists and people working on complex systems in the 1970s and 1980s, which is when it become much more widely used in the literature.
	www.ipedia.com /self_organization.html (1895 words)

	Self-Organizing Control Systems
		The “task” of a self-organizing control system would be to achieve control using the most-effective (shortest) control-algorithm.
		Perhaps self-organizing control systems can “evolve” to levels of control and emergent complexity far beyond anything imagined by conventional “deterministic” control systems.
		A systems computational capability peaks in a narrow regime between highly periodic and chaotic behavior.
	www.jimpinto.com /writings/selforg.html (412 words)

	Self Organizing Systems Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Self-organization theory is a branch of systems theory that relates to the process of order formation in complex dynamic systems.
		Rather than being robotically controlled by external 'stimuli' which produce mindless, reflexive reactions (as in the models of Pavlov, Skinner and the Behaviorists), self organizing systems organize their own behavior in relation to certain focal points in their environment.
		According to 'self-organization' theory, order in an interconnected system of elements arises around what are called 'attractors', which help to create and hold stable patterns within the system.
	www.nlpu.com /slforg.htm (441 words)

	Robot Space Cowboys: A Unique Design For Self-Organizing Robots Controlled By "Hormonal" Software Is Moving ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		They are already testing the hardware and software the system would use in the ISI Polymorphic Robotics Laboratory, of which Shen is director.
		Working with Shen and Will in the field of space assembly are two faculty members from the USC School of Engineering, Berokh Khoshnevis of the department of industrial and systems engineering; and George Bekey, of the department of computer science.
		The ISI Polymorphic Robotics Laboratory is one of six laboratories associated with the USC School of Engineering's Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/12/021206074546.htm (918 words)

	Article: Nanotech & self-organizing systems
		This is combined with a technically realistic account of distributed intelligence, self-organizing systems and emergent behavior.
		NEMS (nano-electro-mechanical mechanical systems) are quickly becoming practical, bringing ultra sensitive sensors and ultra strong actuators that might replace damaged human tissue, or power tiny robots.
		This is combined with a technically realistic account of distributed intelligence, self-organizing systems and emergent behavior — the subjects Dick Morley has been discussing at his Santa Fe Chaos conferences for several years.
	www.jimpinto.com /writings/nanotech.html (909 words)

	Genres as Self-Organizing Systems [Tesugen]
		Thus, genres are patterns of similarities of individual texts (the nominalist position), but they have causal powers controlling the same type of texts from which they were abstracted (the realist position).
		He then describes different stories as non-linear dynamic systems (see the diagram I posted the other day), which have attractors and repellers.
		Something happens in the story, a conflict, which causes an in-equilibrium in the system.
	tesugen.com /archives/04/04/self-organizing-genres (837 words)

	LIS 590SOS: Self-Organizing Information Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Language is the principal human information system, and a foundation of every computational information system.
		Researchers are working to discover general underlying mathematical, computational, and implementation principles that explain where human language came from, how it changes, and how artificial agents (robots, software agents, dynamic databases, web services, ontology managers) might develop, reconcile, and sustain their own sophisticated representation and communication regimes from the ground up.
		The course is a continuation of an ongoing seminar, and may be repeated for credit since the content differs from semester to semester.
	edfu.lis.uiuc.edu /~gasser/courses/lis590sos/590SOS-abstract.html (360 words)

	USU center for self-organizing intelligent systems (CSOIS): autonomous control robotics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Since the first invention of the wheel, humankind has gained new mobility and freedom.
		Combined with vehicle electronics, planning and control systems, and environmental sensors, CSOIS has developed omni-directional vehicles (ODVs) for autonomous and semi-autonomous applications.
		Different from traditional Ackerman-steered vehicles (automobiles) or a tracked vehicle that must use skid-steering (forklifts), ODVs allow the vehicle to drive a path with independent orientation and motion in the X-Y plane.
	www.csois.usu.edu /technology/?PHPSESSID=a63d14fc613225293e4940915cceac5f (244 words)

	The Complexity and Artificial Life Research Concept for Self-Organizing Systems
		Here we will introduce the integrating sciences of Complex Systems and of ALife together with related systems areas.
		We'll also pursue the wider social implications of these transdisciplinary theories of self-organization on mind, art, spirit and life as it could be...
		CALResCo is a cosmopolitan non-profit organisation dedicated to promoting the wider aspects of the Complex System sciences by education, synthesis and by the integration of the theories into the mainstream viewpoints of arts, philosophy and science.
	www.calresco.org (580 words)

	Adaptive Self-Organizing Concurrent Systems - Tony (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstract: This memory must also grow in proportion to the number of output variables handled by the system.
		This problem is mitigated in both AA2 and AA3 by use of constant sized variable lists which can be no larger than the number of input variables in the system.
		Also, there is only negligible increase of memory per node for systems 14 with multiple output and feedback variables.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /martinez90adaptive.html (500 words)

	Complexity Related Application Papers
		These online papers show the use of systems thinking ideas in other academic or human fields or give research findings from other areas that support and enhance similar findings from within the complexity specialisms.
		These transdisciplinary applications help to establish the systemic nature of complexity science and establish analogies that allow these findings to be widely employed.
		Autocatalytic Closure in a Cognitive System - Liane Gabora
	www.calresco.org /related.htm (5355 words)

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