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Topic: Self-defense (theory)

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adams.html   Moreover, the core claim of deterrence theory is that defense and deterrence are distinct. and it elaborates offense-defense-deterrence theory in the way that is most compatible with structural-realist theory, facilitating further testing of that theory.          The failure to distinguish between defense and deterrence is paradoxical because, as Richard K. Betts explains, deterrence theory contributed greatly to the popularity of offense-defense theory. www.isanet.org /noarchive/adams.html   (8309 words)

20th WCP: Moral Implications of the Battered Woman Syndrome As Charles Ewing points out, if the jury believes a woman suffers from a mental incapacity, then she cannot be considered as acting in a reasonable manner, which is what is required by the self-defense standard. If a woman who kills her batterer in self-defense is seen as not responsible for her actions because of a mental incapacity (BWS), then she continues to exist in an invisible moral realm wherein she is not perceived as exercising or capable of exercising full moral personhood. The Battered Woman Syndrome, like the Cycle Theory of Violence, helps to illuminate the situation of the battered woman, why she does not just leave the relationship, and why some domestic violence relationships end in the death of the batterer. www.bu.edu /wcp/Papers/Soci/SociScho.htm   (3101 words)

justification.html While justification defenses themselves are nearly universal, there is much disagreement over whether the defense is given because a person's act avoids a greater harm, the so-called deeds theory, or because she acts for the right reason, the so-called reasons theory. Under the deeds theory, a person who mistakenly believes that the conduct is justified is not justified, although the person may gain an excuse defense if the mistake is reasonable or perhaps a mitigation even if it is not. The deeds theory of justification justifies conduct that avoids a greater harm, and thus it is conduct that we would be happy to tolerate under similar circumstances in the future. www.law.upenn.edu /fac/phrobins/justification.html   (6781 words)

gray the bruce: Future Considerations for SDI SDI supporters argue that MAD theory is not accepted by the Soviets, who, contrary to the spirit of the theory, continue to develop highly capable strategic arms, defensive systems, and civil defense programs. Conversely, arguments for a shift to defense stem from abandonment of the theory. a) In 1972, in order to better serve the Mutual Assured Destruction Theory, the United States and Soviet Union signed the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which limited both nations to defensive sites in only two locations (one ICBM field and the capital), while limiting both sides to 100 interceptors for the purpose of defense.(1) www.graythebruce.com /Sdinotes.Cfm   (2849 words)

NucNews - June 6, 2002 The FBI director also repeated his long-held position that authorities have not settled on a single theory about last fall's anthrax mailings, which killed five people and made 13 others ill. He said that investigators are awaiting the results of numerous scientific tests. The colonel, who is a Tajik himself, at first said the unit had 90 Pashtuns, 90 Uzbeks, 60 Tajiks, 60 Hazara and roughly 270 soldiers described as members of smaller minority groups. Northern Alliance units still deployed around Kabul are unlikely to obey orders from a defense minister from another ethnic group, particularly a Pashtun, the diplomats said. nucnews.net /nucnews/2002nn/0206nn/020606nn.htm   (2849 words)

9/11 Facts - Defense May Call Secretly Held Witnesses and Invoke Conspiracy Theories - The defense said further that it might attempt to explore theories that the hijackings served the foreign policy goals of U.S. conservatives by creating a pretext to transform the U.S. military posture in the world. - In the two years before the Sept. 11 attacks, the North American Aerospace Defense Command conducted exercises simulating what the White House says was unimaginable at the time: hijacked airliners used as weapons to crash into targets and cause mass casualties. - But the Bush administration brushed aside these supportive gestures — and that may loom as the greatest tragedy of Sept. 11, apart from the tolls taken by the attack itself. www.tvnewslies.org /html/9_11_facts.html   (2849 words)

94-1213 Thus, we find that a defense inquiry based upon this purely speculative theory is too far afield of any rational relationship to the truthful character of the witness or his testimony to consider it a prejudicial exercise of discretion to exclude the proffered testimony. From what I understand the defense theory is here, there is not a denial that there was a gun, there's not a denial that there was a gunshot, there's not a denial that the defendant was the shooter. According to testimony given by Wade's wife, the building security guard, and by Wade himself, Wade had been drinking heavily and smoking crack cocaine that night and was, in the words of a witness, "wasted." It is difficult to imagine that someone in that condition could remember events in such detail. www.courts.state.wi.us /html/sc/94/94-1213.htm   (2849 words)

The Pirc Defense With the constant expansion of modern opening theory, books that seek to cover a whole defensive system are laudable, and while this book has more than its share of warts, it should prove useful for serious Pirc players looking to update previous works on this defense. While it is good to have this later theory, I often get the feeling that the author hasn’t made a full attempt to assimilate it into a cogent set of observations – just put out the variations and let the reader sort through them. Given that the Pirc has lots of move order issues, this can be a problem. www.jeremysilman.com /book_reviews_rb/rb_pirc_defense.html   (2849 words)

Andrew Marshall - SourceWatch For over 20 years, he, along with like-minded thinkers such as Albert Wohlstetter, Herman Kahn, and James R. Schlesinger (Nixon's defense secretary), used elaborate war-gaming, incorporating advanced new concepts in statistics and game theory, to test the best strategies for corralling the Soviet Union. Marshall is something of a legend in national security circles, both for his longevity and for his far-reaching network of acolytes across the government, academia and the defense industry. For a defense intellectual, he hasn't published much, and in public settings he doesn't say much, either, often mumbling in a low voice, or questioning but not answering, or simply saying he has nothing to add to the discussion. www.sourcewatch.org /wiki.phtml?title=Andrew_Marshall   (2849 words)

Untitled It is clear that by attributing the behavior to a "normal" motive you have dealt a body blow to the defense's insanity defense. Attribution theory describes what factors influence what is seen as a cause. The fundamental attribution error stems from the Actor-Observer Discrepancy above and is defined as the over-emphasis on internal attributions by an observer. home.kc.rr.com /psychology140/soc-attributionyatesflight990.htm   (1663 words)

Center Counter Defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Although the Center Counter Defense has never enjoyed widespread popularity among top-flight chess players, Jacques Mieses frequently played it and greatly developed its theory around the turn of the 20th century. The Center Counter Defense is one of the oldest recorded openings, being mentioned by Lucena in 1497. The Center Counter Defense or Scandinavian Defense is a chess opening characterized by the moves (in algebraic notation) en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Center_Counter_Defense   (545 words)

Court TV Online - T R I A L S - MATTHEW SHEPARD MURDER TRIAL LARAMIE, Wyo. (Court TV) — Noting that state law does not address the so-called "gay panic" defense, the presiding judge in Matthew Shepard murder trial suggested Wednesday that he may bar Aaron McKinney's lawyers from presenting that theory to jurors. Judge Voigt said that unless McKinney's lawyers find a state law that would allow this strategy, he would bar the defense from presenting evidence about the gay panic theory. Whether Custis is allowed to present the so-called gay panic defense or not, he may have difficulty countering prosecutors' allegations that the murder was premeditated and that robbery was the motive. www.courttv.com /archive/trials/mckinney/102799_ctv.html   (631 words)

References to the world of OGRE and GEV The technology and theory that made weapons able to survive against enemy active defense systems also made it possible to identify, track, and target enemy vehicles. arget- THEDOT is the military acronym for high energy tactical laser weaponry and its application to static defense of military, industrial, political, religious, and civilian centers. Most were even built around a self contained nuclear power plant and drew their incredible loads from that source, rather than taxing the nearby 'lesser' industrial and civilian power grids. www.goingfaster.com /ogre/references.html   (11382 words)

SSRN-The Bomb Thief and the Theory of Justification Defenses by Paul Robinson Robinson, Paul H., "The Bomb Thief and the Theory of Justification Defenses". A subjective, or reasons, theory looks to the actor's intent and would deny a justification defense in this case, leaving Ashkenazi liable for the theft. This article explores the theoretical dispute raised by the case: competing views on the theory of justification. papers.ssrn.com /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=136989   (336 words)

annika's journal: May 2003 The defense sources also say police were too quick to discount the theory that Laci's case may be tied to that of 24-year-old Evelyn Hernandez, a pregnant woman whose torso was found in San Francisco Bay in July 2002. Last month, before this new round of press conferences and wild claims by the defense, i was standing in line at the filing window in the S.F. Courthouse. It became a project that would consume all my energy and lead to my eventual downfall and ruin. annikagyrl.blogspot.com /2003_05_01_annikagyrl_archive.html   (13555 words)

POLITICAL STATUS OF TAIWAN FACTS AND INFORMATION Although the stated purpose of the fleet is not Taiwanese defense, it is safely assumed from past actions that that is one of the reasons why the fleet is stationed in those waters. In 1979, the United States Congress passed the Taiwan_Relations_Act, a law generally interpreted as mandating U.S. defense of Taiwan in the event of an attack from the Chinese Mainland. In 1999, President Lee_Teng-hui proposed a two-states theory (or a special state-to-state relations theory) in which both the ROC and PRC would be considered separate states with a special diplomatic, cultural and historic relationship, and gained immense support within Taiwan. www.brolgas.com /political_status_of_Taiwan   (4521 words)

CCC - Publications Paul, James J. Wirtz, and Michel Fortmann, eds., Balance of Power: Theory and Practice in the 21st Century (Stanford University Press, 2004). Robert E. Looney, Market Effects of Naval Presence in a Globalized World: A Research Summary, in Sam J. Tangredi (ed), Globalization and Maritime Power (National Defense University, December 2002). Daniel Moran, The International Law of the Sea in a Globalized World, in Sam J. Tangredi (ed), Globalization and Maritime Power (National Defense University, December 2002). www.ccc.nps.navy.mil /publications   (1741 words)

The Corner on National Review Online Still, though some of Dworkin’s insights might be utilized by conservatives, his defenses of affirmative action policy are well-known and wide-spread. Ronald Dworkin, as well, might be identified as a close associate to the contemporary American liberal (legal and political theory), and like Rawls, few can claim to have systematized “theory” so prominently (Matter of Principle, Taking Rights Seriously, Law’s Empire). Whether it’s Eliot Spitzer smugly commenting that New York’s state prisons have a ‘certain edge,’ or whether it’s comedians joking about the perils of penitentiary showers, one of the most striking aspects of the cruelty and degradation of the American prison system is the way that such abuse is, apparently, tolerated. www.nationalreview.com /thecorner/04_05_16_corner-archive.asp   (13505 words)

~ledwig "A Defense of Künne's Non-Epistemic Theory of Truth", 6th Congress of the Austrian Society of Philosophy in Linz, Austria, 6/1-6/4/2000 "Eine Verteidigung von Künnes nicht-epistemischer Wahrheitsauffassung", [A Defense of Künne's Non-Epistemic Theory of Truth] in R. Born, and O. Neumaier (eds.), Rational Decision Theory, Philosophy of Psychology, General Philosophy of Science (incl. www.infra.kth.se /~ledwig   (1989 words)

The Corner on National Review Online It wasn't the nasty stuff itself that was curious — as Defense Secretary Don Rumsfeld intimated, some stray chemical munitions could signify any number of things, or not much at all. Still, though some of Dworkin’s insights might be utilized by conservatives, his defenses of affirmative action policy are well-known and wide-spread. Ronald Dworkin, as well, might be identified as a close associate to the contemporary American liberal (legal and political theory), and like Rawls, few can claim to have systematized “theory” so prominently (Matter of Principle, Taking Rights Seriously, Law’s Empire). www.nationalreview.com /thecorner/04_05_16_corner-archive.asp   (13505 words)

Capitalism: A Treatise on Economics Because its advocacy of capitalism is based in large measure on the author's own, original contributions to economic theory, this is a book that the professional economist can profit from as much as the general reader. It argues that in its logically consistent form of laissez-faire capitalism—that is, with the powers of government limited to those of national defense and the administration of justice—capitalism is a system of economic progress and prosperity for all, and is a precondition of world peace. eisman offers the most comprehensive defense of capitalism ever written. www.capitalism.net   (1965 words)

Information Operations, Warfare, Info Ops, Infowar, Cyberwar, Defending friendly and targeting adversary data-processing capabilities of the body appears to be an area of weakness in the US approach to information warfare theory, a theory oriented heavily toward systems data-processing and designed to attain information dominance on the battlefield. Asia Pacific Area Network (APAN), "to foster defense interaction and enhance security cooperation in the Asia-Pacific Region." The Ethics of Information Warfare and Statecraft, by Kuehl, NDU--> www.au.af.mil /au/awc/awcgate/awc-info.htm   (1965 words)

9/11 Facts - You have seen massive amounts of evidence debunking the official conspiracy theory of 9/11. With the pounding force of a sledgehammer you will find yourself horrified and astonished at the shear scope of the largest transgressions ever carried out against the people of the United States and indeed... - Defense May Call Secretly Held Witnesses and Invoke Conspiracy Theories - The defense said further that it might attempt to explore theories that the hijackings served the foreign policy goals of U.S. conservatives by creating a pretext to transform the U.S. military posture in the world. www.tvnewslies.org /html/9_11_facts.html   (5135 words)

Defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Self-defense (theory) and defense of property, legal justifications For defence of a doctoral dissertation see thesis committee en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Defense   (103 words)

ChessAssistance.com Modern Chess Openings: Sicilian Defense The user interface on this program is identical to the one used in the French Defense CD that I reviewed previously. This database contains what most people refer to as "Theory", and contains masses of variations, with evaluations. An opening encyclopedia for the Sicilian, consisting of 79 heavily annotated game fragments. www.chessassistance.com /News/Sicilian_Defense_Kalinin.html   (103 words)

Social Contract Theory [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] Social Contract Theory, nearly as old as philosophy itself, is the view that persons' moral and/or political obligations are dependent upon a contract or agreement between them to form society. However, Social Contract Theory is rightly associated with modern moral and political theory and is given its first full exposition and defense by Thomas Hobbes. As such, it also calls into question the supposed universality of the liberal individual who is the agent of contract theory. www.utm.edu /research/iep/s/soc-cont.htm   (103 words)

No. 01CA2514. People v. Garcia, Jr. - August 14, 2003 - Colorado Court of Appeals Opinions The prosecutor moved to exclude the expert’s testimony on the ground that it was a "temporary insanity defense." The court ruled that it was admissible only under a theory of impaired mental condition or insanity and that, in accordance with § 16-8-101.5, C.R.S. 2002, defendant was required to plead the defense of insanity. A defense based upon mental defect or insanity must be affirmatively pleaded at arraignment, in part because it sets in motion a specific process by which the defendant is professionally evaluated. The trial court erred in forcing defendant to adopt an unnecessary defense and in foreclosing the defense of voluntary intoxication. www.cobar.org /opinions/opinion.cfm?OpinionID=3810   (1631 words)

Twinkie It is a derogatory label implying a defense theory is silly. A "Twinkie defense" is a criminal defendant's claim that some unusual factor entered into the causes or motives of the crime. The Twinkie is often derided as the quintessential junk food. www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/tw/Twinkie.html   (204 words)

Self-defense - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In politics, the concept of national or mutual self-defense to counter a war of aggression refers to a defensive war organised by the state, and is one possible criteria in the Just War theory. The art of self defense is to where a person is able to fend off an opposing threat to themself or other people. Butthan Self Defence The science of Self Defence. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Self-defense   (294 words)

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