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| | 2.2 Golden Mean and Selfsimilar, Fractal Geometrical Structures in Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29) |
 | | The most fundamental selfsimilar structure is the forking (bifurcating) structure (Jean, 1994Reference) of tree branches, tree roots, river tributaries, branched lightning, etc.The complex branching architecture is a selfsimilar fractal since branching occurs on all scales (sizes) and forms the geometrical shape of the whole object.Selfsimilar structures incorporate in their geometrical design the noble numbers, i.e. |
 | | Selfsimilar spiral structures such as on the shell of the very old mollusk called Nautilus pompilius (Jean, 1994Reference) incorporate the golden mean in their radial growth. |
 | | Thompson described that the nautilus followed a pattern originally described by Rene Descartes in 1683 as the equiangular spiral and subsequently by Jacob Bernoulli as the logarithmic spiral(West 1990Reference).The commonly found shapes in nature are the helix and the dodecahedron (Stoddart, 1988;Muller and Beugholt,1996Reference) which are signatures of selfsimilarity underlying Fibonacci numbers. |
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