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Topic: Selkirk Colony

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Red River Colony

Battle of Seven Oaks (1816)

Hudsons Bay Company

Fur trade

1826

	Selkirk, Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of
		The new Lord Selkirk became interested in the plight of Scottish farmers who were forced from their lands when landowners decided to use the fields for raising sheep.
		Selkirk's first colony was in Prince Edward Island, where he sent 800 settlers in 1803.
		Selkirk's colony, located on the Red River in what is now Manitoba, was called Assiniboia.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0007275 (435 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Selkirk
		Selkirk lies on Yarrow Water, to the north of Ettrick Forest, and is a historic shoemaking...
		Selkirk, Alexander (1676-1721), Scottish sailor, born in Largo, Fife.
		Selkirk Mountains, mountain range, west central North America, a range of the Rocky Mountains.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Selkirk.html (82 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		Selkirk had been impressed by Macdonell, whom he found to be “very much a gentleman in manners and sentiments” and “so popular [among his neighbours] that he could get work done when nobody else could.” Selkirk apparently either did not witness or was blind to Macdonell’s less attractive character traits which included arrogance and vanity.
		Selkirk’s intention in 1811 was to detach from a party of company recruits a few labourers who would prepare the groundwork for the arrival of settlers in 1812.
		On 17 June, with the colony under threat of imminent attack, Macdonell surrendered himself to the representatives of the NWC in return for a promise that the settlers would not be harmed.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=37108 (3937 words)

	Handbook of Texas Online: SELKIRK, WILLIAM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Before coming to Texas around the fall of 1823 William Selkirk served in the War of 1812, worked as a silversmith, and married Matilda Hallenbake, with whom he had two children before her death on August 25, 1820.
		The land, called Selkirk's Island because it was originally isolated by the flow of the river, was still owned by Selkirk descendants in the 1970s, when it was subdivided into resort-home lots.
		In 1835 or 1836 Selkirk's son James Henry Selkirk came to Texas as a lieutenant with a company of New York volunteers for the Texas army.
	www.tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online/articles/SS/fse9.html (512 words)

	Red River Colony
		Red River Colony, settlement on the Red and Assiniboine rivers in what is now Manitoba and North Dakota, founded 1812 by the earl of SELKIRK.
		From 1801 Selkirk had sought British support for settlement in the region occupied by the HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY, but not until he and his family had gained control of the company in 1810 did his scheme become practical.
		Meanwhile, Selkirk had recruited new settlers among the DE MEURONS, discharged mercenary soldiers, and was leading this group to Red River when he learned of Seven Oaks.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0006725 (413 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Selkirk, otherwise known as Thomas Douglas, was the youngest of seven kids; as a result, he was not to have received any of the family wealth.
		Selkirk, who is well known for establishing colonies in British North America for dispossessed Scottish Highlanders, became interested in the Scottish Farmers when they were kicked out of Scotland: The rich Scottish Landowners wanted to raise sheep on the land.
		Selkirk’s name is now commonly used in the Canadian West by not only a Street in Vancouver, but also the Selkirk mountain range of the Rocky Mountains.
	www.stgeorges.bc.ca /social10/WEBPAGE/WEBPAGE/STREETS/Lord_Selkirk.htm (474 words)

	The Forces of Lord Selkirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Unwilling to become involved in what many saw as a war between two rival companies, Selkirk was only given a small bodyguard of a sergeant and six privates drawn from the 37th (North Hampshire) Regiment for his own personal protection on the journey to the Red River.
		Selkirk realized that this would be insufficient for his purposes, but was fortunate that two foreign regiments in British service were near the completion of their contracts and would be available for hire.
		Selkirk followed with the remainder of his men in the spring of that year.
	www.members.shaw.ca /redcoats (413 words)

	Manitoba Pageant: Lord Selkirk Settlers
		They were the kernel of the colony, and the Selkirk Settlers were to stay in Red River through all the troubles ahead.
		The colony became a colony of Selkirk Settlers, half-breeds, French Canadians and Metis, a strange mixture of French and Scottish, Indian and European, which developed its own way of life and even a language of its own, the bungee.
		Photos: Types of Lord Selkirk's settlers in 1822 - Swiss colonists from the Canton of Berne - German colonists from the disbanded de Meurons Regiment - A Scottish Highland colonist and a colonist from French Canada.
	www.mhs.mb.ca /docs/pageant/07/selkirksettlers.shtml (612 words)

	The Selkirk Settlers in Real Life - Chapter II - Genesis of the Selkirk Colony
		But the drift of events may be noted in order that the actual situation of the colonists may be understood before we pass into the study of personal life and immediate sursoundings in their new home.
		The question, "Is not a man better than a sheep?" is supposed to admit of but one answer amongst the generality of mankind, but the landlord of that day and place had a different view, and hence the man had to give way and make room for the more profitable sheep.
		From all accounts it would appear that these poor people were not properly cared for by the agents of Lord Selkirk, and that the food and shelter provided were totally inadequate for their comfort or protection during the severities of the weather.
	www.electricscotland.com /selkirk/chap2.htm (790 words)

	MHS Transactions: Poles Among the De Meuron Soldiers
		For this reason Lord Selkirk recommended to his agents that these veterans be engaged not only in an escort capacity, but also as future settlers, as farmers who could populate the lands of the present Manitoba and put them under cultivation.
		Documents found in the Lord Selkirk Papers allow us to state that Lord Selkirk's Chief objective, at least in so far as the Polish soldiers were concerned, was to secure in these possibly the most valuable farmers who were to remain permanently in the new colony, after performing their temporary role as a military escort.
		[12] Lord Selkirk, on learning of the influence of this non-commissioned officer among the Polish soldiers of the De Watteville regiment stationed in Kingston, as well as of his personal integrity, made great efforts to recruit, with his aid, the largest possible number of Poles for farm settlement in the Red River Colony.
	www.mhs.mb.ca /docs/transactions/3/demeuronpoles.shtml (6716 words)

	Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
		The following year the colony was still far from self-sufficient and on 8 Jan. 1814 Macdonell issued a proclamation forbidding the export of pemmican from the Red River area without his permission, an act which endangered the source of supplies for the NWC’s trade in the fur-rich Athabasca country.
		But the attacks on the colony did not end, settlers continued to flee, and on 25 June Peter Fidler, left in charge of the colony* after Macdonell’s departure, capitulated under an agreement on which Grant’s signature appears as one of the “chiefs of the Half-breeds.” Fidler consented to the complete evacuation of the colony.
		The verdict was heralded in the colony as the end of the HBC monopoly.
	www.biographi.ca /EN/ShowBio.asp?BioId=38064 (2902 words)

	The Earl Of Selkirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Earl of Selkirk was a Scottish colonizer who founded the Red River Colony, opening the Canadian west for settlement during the early 1800's.
		Selkirk was born on St. Mary's Isle in Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland in 1771 and was named Thomas Douglas.
		Selkirk, in 1803 and 1804, sent approximately 900 Scottish peasants to the Canadian colonies of P.E.I. and Upper Canada.
	www.plpsd.mb.ca /amhs/history/selkirk.html (202 words)

	War of 1812 - Red River Redcoats/Lord Selkirk
		In 1812, Thomas Douglas, Fifth Earl of Selkirk, had established an agricultural colony at the junction of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers (now the city of Winnipeg) in order to provide for some of the Highland crofters who had been displaced from their land to make way for sheep.
		In 1881 it was amalgamated with the 67th (South Hampshire) Regiment to form the Hampshire Regiment and was awarded the title of "Royal" in 1946.
		In 1990 the Forces of Lord Selkirk was formed by a group of historical re-enactors interested in the period of the War of 1812 and the early fur trade in Canada.
	www.iaw.on.ca /~jsek/selkirk.htm (976 words)

	Acquistion of Oregon -- by Marshall 1911
		His first essays in establishing colonies were in 1803, on Prince Edward's Island, and speedily thereafter at Baldoon, in the extreme southwest part of Upper Canada, on a small creek that flows into Lake St. Clair.
		Several members of the committee immediately made way for the appointment of his near relatives and friends to the direction, and from this period His Lordship may be considered as possessing an unlimited influence and control in the management of the affairs and disposal of the property of the company.
		Selkirk did not again appear in America, but, broken in health, retired to the south of France, and died at Pau, April 8, 1820.
	homepage.mac.com /fotl/marshall/marshall_285-450.html (13738 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thus, at this early period, we see the French, with their colonies, missionary stations, trading posts, and forts, holding possession of the choicest portions of North America.
		Lord Selkirk, having extinguished the Indian title, engaged with a great deal of enthusiasm in colonizing this El Dorado of his.
		A colony was planted by him on Red River on 1812.
	www.webroots.org /library/usahist/somnew01.html (9020 words)

	redriver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		(Selkirk's family had gained control of the company in 1811.) Establishing a base at the centre of what is now downtown Winnipeg, Selkird sent out a small number of Scots settlers who, with much difficulty, began eking out a living producing grain and vegetable crops in the new colony (which Selkirk called Assiniboia).
		Food supplies remained precarious, however, and conflict soon developed between the colony's administrators and the rival Montreal-based North West Company fur traders who had long relied on provisions from the area to support their long-distance trade routes into the the northwestern interior.
		Perhaps even more threatening to the colony's future by the middle of the 19th Century were the cultural conflicts built into its heritage.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~reak/hist/redriver.htm (250 words)

	The Eviction of the Squatters from Fort Snelling
		The Perrys were among 165 Swiss recruited to go to British North America and join the colony on the Red River, also known as the Selkirk colony for its founder, the Scottish Lord Selkirk, and presently known as the city of Winnipeg in Manitoba.
		Selkirk intended the colony first as a means of relocating Scottish Highlanders who had been cleared from their traditional lands with no place to go.
		Refugees from the colony followed the Red River overland by foot and oxcart to the headwaters, where they made the short trip to the headwaters of the Minnesota, and took rafts and dugout canoes to the river's mouth at Ft. Snelling.
	www.celticfringe.net /history/eviction.htm (3950 words)

	Untitled
		The claim of white historians that the Metis society was static and non-competitive in the survival sense of the word is denied by even the most superficial examination of Metis relationship and adaptation to the major external influences on their lives.
		The Selkirk Settlement and the exclusion of the Metis from the decisions that would affect their lives became the model for all future conflict between Metis and the complex of governments and institutions that entered the area under the banner of "civilization".
		If the Selkirk Settlement was to become the model of oppression then it may be said that Cuthbert Grant personified the response of the Metis to an outside threat.
	www.othermetis.net /WAM/WAMch2.html (2657 words)

	Voyageurs NP: The Environment and the Fur Trade Experience: 1730-1870 (Chapter 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Selkirk anticipated that the company would provide logistical support to the colony and the colony would provide a steady source of new recruits for the company.
		Lord Selkirk's motivation was not entirely mischievous, for in the early 1800s there seemed to be a strong likelihood that the two great fur companies would soon amalgamate and that the colony would serve the needs of the whole combined enterprise.
		Selkirk was well aware of internal divisions within the North West Company that could lead to its demise despite its position of dominance.
	www.nps.gov /voya/history/futr/ch1c.htm (2581 words)

	Historic Grand Forks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1811, Thomas Douglas, the Earl of Selkirk, established an agricultural colony at present-day Winnipeg, Manitoba.
		The young colony was dependent on imported food and equipment to build new farms and survive the harsh winters.
		The oxcarts were organized into trains driven by Metis (people of Native American and European descent), who understood the rigors of the trails and how to overcome breakdowns and natural obstacles.
	grandforkshistory.com /page3.html (641 words)

	Thomas Douglas Biography / Biography of Thomas Douglas Biography
		Thomas Douglas was born in Kirkcudbrightshire on June 20, 1771, the seventh son of the 4th Earl of Selkirk.
		Selkirk besieged the Colonial Office with his emigration schemes and was finally granted permission in 1803 to undertake his first ventures.
		Selkirk arrived at Red River in 1817 and began the task of reconstruction, establishing a school and a church.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-thomas-douglas (563 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Desautels dit Lapointe
		In 1812, due to the lateness of the season, and a shortage of provisions, the Selkirk settlers established a camp near the NWC fort at Pembina.
		Selkirk traveled south up the Red river and down the Minnesota river to the Mississippi, down the Mississippi to St. Louis, up the Ohio, by stage to Washington, by sail to New York, north to Albany, by stage to Lake Ontario and by ship to York.
		Selkirk returned to England very ill from his stay in the wilderness of the Northwest, from his extensive travels, and from the years of litigation in Canada.
	members.aol.com /marcjol3/Jb.html (6292 words)

	Red River Settlement on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was the undertaking of Thomas Douglas, 5th earl of Selkirk.
		Despite efforts to discourage the colony, Miles Macdonnell, a Selkirk man, brought a small group to the colony in 1812.
		The result of these moves was a series of court charges and countercharges that impoverished Selkirk and helped to bring about the union (1821) of the Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/R/RedR1ivS1et.asp (573 words)

	NIH: Multiculturalism: Fraud or Scam?
		The high point of this relationship was probably the establishment by Lord Selkirk of the Red River Colony.
		Among the highlights of the Red River Colony was the Pemmican Proclamation of 1814.
		Food was scarce, and the governor of the colony issued a proclamation banning the export of food from the colony.
	www.newimprovedhead.com /metis.htm (1304 words)

	Prince Edward Island. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Many French settlers were deported by the British (see Acadia), but others remained; their descendants still live here.
		In 1803, Lord Selkirk’s first colony of impoverished Scots settled here; persons of Scottish extraction now constitute about one third of the inhabitants.
		In 1763, Prince Edward Island was annexed to Nova Scotia, but it became a separate colony in 1769.
	bartleby.com /65/pr/PrinceEd.html (625 words)

	The Noble Nobleman - Lord Selkirk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Thomas Douglas, fifth Earl of Selkirk, was a Scottish aristocrat with a heart.
		Lord Selkirk was wealthy, but he still cared about his poor countrymen, particularly the farmers (called crofters) who had been evicted from the land they farmed by their greedy landlords.
		He used his influence to convince the other shareholders that a vast agricultural colony on their North American territory would be a good source of food for the company's forts and fur trading stations.
	collections.ic.gc.ca /tod/adventure/unusua_9.htm (150 words)

	laidlaw
		William was managing a experimental farm, called Hayfield (Mayfield), for the Selkirk Colony on the Red River in 1818-21.
		He arrived in Prairie du Chien from the Selkirk Colony with Robert Dickson and Duncan Graham in March of 1820.
		The grain was to replaced the loss of crops at the colony due to grasshopper the prior year.
	www.usinternet.com /USERS/dfnels/laidlaw.htm (550 words)

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