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Topic: Semantic properties

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The semantic properties of type belong to an area that needs to be distinguished from the aspects presented in the other chapters because of its more speculative and subjective nature.
		Semantic properties can be discussed only after the basic properties of text have been dealt with.
		Whereas the functional properties of type require that the reader identifies words and knows their meaning, the semantic properties require that the reader extracts information from the characters’ shapes in addition to the message content.
	www.plainlanguagenetwork.org /type/utbo140.htm (506 words)

	Properties (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Properties, by contrast, do not seem to have spatial parts; indeed, they are sometimes said to be wholly-present in each of their instances.
		Properties and relations measured on an interval scale are invariant under positive linear transformations, but this isn't true of all properties and relations measured on ordinal scales.
		The fact that properties confer causal powers on their instances is also naturally understood as the claim that the instances of a property have those powers in all possible worlds in which that property exists.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/properties (18874 words)

	Continuum of semantic relatedness properties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Towards the right end of the continuum are the properties associated with semantic similarity, which can be viewed as a strong form of semantic relatedness.
		In contrast, corpus-based approaches tend to reveal properties that lie on either end of the continuum, that is, similarity or incidental associations.
		Note that the divisions in Figure 5 are not meant to be hard and fast; in particular, the divisions ignore the overlaps that inevitably occur.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~tomohara/proposal/node20.html (295 words)

	ctmarticle
		In order to link the semantic properties of mental states to causal laws by way of computation, it is necessary to suppose (i) that there are mental representions whose semantic properties are coordinated with their syntax, and (ii) that it is these mental representations that are the locus of the semantic properties of intentional states.
		The logical form of attributions of semantic properties to mental states does not have the kind of hidden complexity we found in the semiotic cases, but rather seems to stay close to what is suggested by the surface structure.
		It thus follows that semiotic-semantic properties are conceptually dependent upon mental-semantic properties in the fashion required for paronymy, since their analysis refers back to states with mental-semantic properties, much as the analysis of 'healthy' as applied to foods refers back to the notion of bodily health.
	shorst.web.wesleyan.edu /papers/ctmarticle.htm (10215 words)

	CiteULike: Evaluating the semantic categories hypothesis: The case of the count/mass distinction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the case of the count/mass distinction, semantic correlations should predispose the child to acquire the count/mass subcategories as a distinction between names for objects vs. substances.
		The first two experiments with 3- to 5-year-olds employ a word-learning paradigm in which semantic and syntactic cues are either in conflict, in accord or in isolation.
		These results suggest that the count/mass distinction is not acquired via an object/substance distinction although semantic properties of quantification are probably important for the acquisition process.
	www.citeulike.org /user/preeder/article/842208 (383 words)

	Workshops: Scalar Meaning
		Natural languages reflect this fact: all languages have syntactic categories that express gradable concepts, and all languages have constructions that are used to express comparisons between objects with respect to gradable properties, measurement of such properties, and claims about the degree to which such properties hold of an object.
		A central conclusion of the research on these expressions over the past thirty years is that the semantic component of human language must include mechanisms for relating objects to abstract representations of measurement, or `scales'.
		One of the core semantic properties of a gradable adjective is whether it has a context sensitive meaning or not.
	semantics.uchicago.edu /workshops/scales (436 words)

	University of Alberta Dictionary of Cognitive Science: Semantics
		A representation's semantic properties are those properties the representation has in virtue of the sort of relationship the representation has with a part of the world.
		The idea, then, is that if a process which operates on a representation is to be sensitive to the semantic properties of the representation, such as what object it represents, then that representation9s semantic properties must somehow be mirrored in the representation's syntactic properties.
		And semantic properties like truth are transparent to the processes that operate on my representations.
	www.bcp.psych.ualberta.ca /~mike/Pearl_Street/Dictionary/contents/S/semantics.html (411 words)

	Linguistics Principles: Language Parts (Semantics)
		Semantics is "the study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences" [Fromkin and Rodman, 124].
		Semantics and syntax closely interact in that something must generally be syntactically correct to be semantically correct (in turn, the words must also be morphologically correct).
		The semantics of the language tell us when the syntax is incorrect because meaning is not present.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/1470/chap-2-4-3.html (1281 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Indeed, the specification of the adaptive mechanisms is defined by semantic properties associated to a hypermedia document by an author.
		The specification of the adaptation mechanisms is defined by semantic properties associated to an adaptive document by an author.
		The main goal of the semantic composition engine is to compute on the fly an adapted document which is an instanciation of the generic document by selecting content and modifying the semantic structure.
	wwwis.win.tue.nl:8080 /ah2003/proceedings/www-1 (4436 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The properties to which computing mechanisms are sensitive are often characterized as “formal” or “syntactic.” Some have pitched the semantic view of computation against the non-semantic view of computational causation.
		By analogy, it is tempting to conclude that in some sense, computers respond to the semantic properties of the instructions they execute, and hence the instructions and the corresponding computational states of the mechanism are individuated by their content.
		Egan appears to reject the semantic view of computation, because she rejects the view, championed by many philosophers, that computational states postulated by psychological theories are individuated by the cognitive contents of those states (e.g., visual contents for the states of visual mechanisms, auditory contents for the states of auditory mechanisms, etc.).
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00002014/01/Computation_Without_Representation_7.doc (8124 words)

	Semantic relations
		Troponymy is defined in WordNet 2 as: the semantic relation of being a manner of does something (or sense 2: "the place names of a region or a language considered collectively").
		Although the number of semantic relations appears to be unlimited, in most cases a limited number of generalized kinds are used in practice.
		In information retrieval the basic functions for semantic relations may be conceived as contributing to the increase of recall and precision.
	www.db.dk /bh/Lifeboat_KO/CONCEPTS/semantic_relations.htm (2025 words)

	[No title]
		As the semantic proto-role properties of arguments are accessible through the link between the argument structure and the level of semantics, inclusion of thematic roles (or any other type of semantic information) into the argument structure is not found to be necessary.
		The Semantic Proto-Roles The list of entailed properties of semantic proto-roles given in Dowty (1991), though assumed to be universal, is used in that work mainly to derive grammatical functions in English.
		It is shown that by using the semantic proto-role properties of arguments as input to the syntactic feature specification rules and the grammatical function mapping principles of the LFG Lexical Mapping Theory, all the generalizations about grammatical functions of arguments across underived and derived predicates can be captured very simply.
	www.stanford.edu /~bresnan/Joshi/Introduction.DOC (2223 words)

	Semantic Bovinator: Parser generation for Emacs
		Semantic is a program for Emacs which includes, at its core, a lexer, and a compiler compiler (bovinator).
		Semantic is similar in spirit to YACC and Bison.
		Semantic is meant to be used within Emacs for providing editor-related features such as code browsers and translators rather than for compiling which requires far more complex and complete parsers.
	cedet.sourceforge.net /info/semantic.html (9205 words)

	Mental Representation (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The semantic properties of a mental state, however, are determined by its extrinsic properties — e.g., its history, environmental or intramental relations.
		On this view, the semantic properties of linguistic expressions are the semantic properties of the representations that are the mental relata of the states they are conventionally used to express.
		If the semantic properties of natural-language expressions are inherited from the thoughts and concepts they express (or vice versa, or both), then an analogous distinction may be appropriate for mental representations.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/mental-representation (7875 words)

	[No title]
		The particular type of semantic properties studied in this work are the entailed properties of arguments arranged into two semantic proto-role types: the proto-agent properties and the proto-patient properties as outlined in Dowty (1991).
		The proto-role properties of arguments of underived predicates do capture a number of generalizations regarding their grammatical and logical functions, but a purely semantic theory of argument selection (also referred to as function selection in this work) fails to generalize to arguments of derived predicates.
		This study also indicates that, when the Lexical Mapping Theory is supplemented by entailed semantic properties of arguments, a hierarchical order of arguments and inclusion of thematic roles in the argument structure are not necessary.
	www-lfg.stanford.edu /bresnan/Joshi/Abstract.DOC (422 words)

	Exmo: Assessing Semantic Properties of Knowledge Transformations
		These properties can be related to the syntax (eg correct expression of the result in a particular language), the semantics (eg preservation of the meanings of knowledge by the transformation) or the pragmatics (eg preservation of the reader's interpretation by transformation).
		In particular we are investigating semantic properties (tied to the model theoretic semantics of the languages involved) and their relations (eg interpretation-preservation implies consistency-preservation).
		Besides classical properties tied to the syntax and semantics of the representations, the overall goal of Exmo is to be able to take into account properties tied to their pragmatics, such as the rhetoric of a discourse or the semiotic interpretations of readers.
	www.ercim.org /publication/Ercim_News/enw51/euzenat.html (695 words)

	XML.com: Introducing SKOS
		The Semantic Web is a vision for the future of the Web in which information is given explicit meaning, making it easier for machines to process and integrate information available on the Web.
		SKOS Core uses labeling properties to assign tokens to a resource, where the token is intended to denote the resource in natural language or other representations intended for human consumption.
		The property owl:sameAs implies that two resources are identical in every way, and should not be used to express the fact that two conceptual resources share the same meaning.
	www.xml.com /pub/a/2005/06/22/skos.html (2071 words)

	Designing grammar rules
		"Property pushing" is done by SAPI at compile time, whereby the compiler moves semantic properties to the last terminal node within a rule that remains unambiguous.
		The purpose of this feature is to enable applications that place properties on the phrases to detect which branch is being hypothesized as soon as the first unambiguous (non-common) portion of the phrase is spoken.
		If the grammar author attached properties to the end of both phrases, the semantic property would be returned as soon as the user spoke the first unambiguous portion of the text (e.g., "c" or "e").
	www.nextup.com /sapi5doc/XML_GrmFmt_Design_Impl.htm (1176 words)

	55:148,55:247 Chapter 8, Part 6
		Semantics and higher level knowledge are incorporated into the main segmentation process, not applied as post-processing after the main segmentation steps are over.
		Semantics are included in an objective evaluation function (that is similar to conventional semantic-based segmentation).
		In contrast to conventional semantic region growing, any merged region is considered a contiguous region in the semantic objective function evaluation and all its properties are measured.
	www.icaen.uiowa.edu /~dip/LECTURE/Understanding6.html (2505 words)

	[No title]
		The particular type of semantic properties studied in this work are the entailed properties of arguments arranged into two semantic proto-role types: the proto-agent properties and the proto-patient properties as outlined in Dowty (1991).
		The proto-role properties of arguments of underived predicates do capture a number of generalizations regarding their grammatical and logical functions, but a purely semantic theory of argument selection (also referred to as function selection in this work) fails to generalize to arguments of derived predicates.
		This study also indicates that, when the Lexical Mapping Theory is supplemented by entailed semantic properties of arguments, a hierarchical order of arguments and inclusion of thematic roles in the argument structure are not necessary.
	www.stanford.edu /~bresnan/Joshi/Abstract.DOC (422 words)

	University of Alberta Dictionary of Cognitive Science: The Formality Condition
		The semantic properties of a representation are the properties it has due to its relationship with the world; properties such as being true, of being a representation of something, of saying something about some object.
		Fodor (1980) defines a representation's formal properties negatively, by specifying what they are not: "Formal properties are the ones that can be specified without reference to such semantic properties as, for example, truth reference, and meaning." (p.227) Fodor stresses that formal properties are not syntactic properties.
		A representation can have formal properties, and a process can operate on those formal properties, without that representationhaving a syntax (p227); rotating an image on a screen, for instance this operation is performed on the image's formal properties, but the image doesn't even have a syntax..
	www.bcp.psych.ualberta.ca /~mike/Pearl_Street/Dictionary/contents/F/formality.html (437 words)

	Evaluation of properties indicating semantic relatedness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a nutshell, the experiments will evaluate all the possible combinations of properties to see which combinations give the best performance in the applications.
		For example, one of the experiments will evaluate the performance when just using the similarity and incidental properties, another when just using the similarity and functional properties.
		Note that even if the best overall combination includes all the properties, the evaluation will be useful in determining whether comparable performance can be achieved with fewer property types.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~tomohara/proposal/node23.html (94 words)

	Cross checked, lissom, flexible, Learning Management Systems, Training Tracking Software, HIPAA Compliance
		Structuring that semantic layer is a major challenge as it involves connecting concepts found in multiple classification systems, ontologies, patterns, metadata elements and business vision statements.
		At its core the Business Semantic Layer is a network of semantic relationships and controlled vocabularies to increase the meaning of metadata and provide context to items that have metadata properties.
		If your semantic structure is used to enhance searching, relevancy testing (the precision and recall measures familiar from information retrieval studies) is a good indicator of success.
	www.checkmi.com /busemanticlayer.htm (1635 words)

	Useful Properties of Semantic Depth of Field for Better F+C Visualization - Kosara, Miksch, Hauser, Schrammel, Giller, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Useful Properties of Semantic Depth of Field for Better F+C Visualization (2001)
		57.3%: Useful Properties of Semantic Depth of Field for Better F+C..
		Useful Properties of Semantic Depth of Field for Better F+C Visualization, Proceedings of the Joint Eurographics--IEEE TCVG Symposium on Visualization (VisSym 2002), pp.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /529368.html (458 words)

	AIS SIGSEMIS - Swoogle: A Semantic Web Search Engine 02/05
		A prototype Semantic Web search engine called Swoogle, facilitates the development of the Semantic Web, for finding appropriate ontologies, and helping users specify terms and qualify type (class or property).
		Semantic Web languages based on RDF allow one to make statements that define general terms (classes and properties).
		One of the interesting properties computed for each semantic web document is its rank, a measure of the documents importance on the SemanticWeb.
	www.sigsemis.org /columns/swsearch/Swoogle (1337 words)

	Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition
		This document defines the process of Semantic Interpretation for Speech Recognition and the syntax and semantics of semantic interpretation tags that can be added to speech recognition grammars to compute information to return to an application on the basis of rules and tokens that were matched by the speech recognizer.
		Semantic Interpretation Tags provide a means to attach instructions for the computation of such semantic results to a speech recognition grammar.
		GRR properties 2/ $a = $b { x = $b.x + $c.x; } $c; $c.x causes run-time error because used to the left of $c 3/ $a = [ $b ] $c { x = $b.x + $c.x; }; $b.x evaluates to the x property of $b if $b matched on the input utterance.
	www.w3.org /TR/2001/WD-semantic-interpretation-20011116 (11044 words)

	Semantic Technology
		Semantics is not dealing with behavior, it’s dealing with typing, membership and classification.
		Several of the participants will be attending the Semantic Technology Conference, and felt they will be getting a lot more out of the conference, because of the training.
		Of course, supersumption is nothing but the inverse of subsumption: that is if we say A subsumes B, then we have also said B supersumes A. But the reason we're finding it worth calling out the difference is because a mindset that many of our students (and myself) bring to the classroom.
	semantic-conference.blogs.com /semtech06 (3700 words)

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