Semi-presidential system

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Topic: Semi-presidential system

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In the News (Mon 17 Jun 13)

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	Presidential system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In some presidential systems such as South Korea or the Republic of China (or Taiwan), there is an office of the prime minister or premier, but unlike in semi-presidential or parliamentary systems, the premier is responsible to the president rather than to the legislature.
		A presidential system, or a congressional system, is a system of government of a republic where the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative.
		Presidential system presidents may also be given a great deal of constitutional authority in the exercise of the office of Commander in Chief, a constitutional title given to most presidents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Presidential_system (4056 words)

	Semi-presidential system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semi-presidential systems are sometimes typified by periods of cohabitation, in which the prime minister and president are elected separately, and often from rival parties.
		The semi-presidential system is a system of government that features both a prime minister and a president who are active participants in the day to day functioning of government.
		It differs from the parliamentary system in that it has a popularly elected president who is not a ceremonial figurehead and it differs from the presidential system in that it has an executive prime minister who has some responsibility to the legislature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semi-presidential_system (369 words)

	Head of State -
		In presidential systems such as that of the United States, appointments are nominated by the president's sole discretion, and this nomination is often subject to parliamentary confirmation (in the case of the U.S., the U.S. Senate has to approve cabinet nominees and judicial appointments by simple majority).
		It is notable that some presidential systems, while not providing for collective executive answerability to the legislature, may require legislative approval for individuals prior to their assumption of cabinet office and empower the legislature to remove a president from office (for example, in the United States).
		One could say that, whereas in parliamentary systems a prime minister may be master of his or her party and the government, prime ministers in presidential systems are usually the servants, with the Head of State the master of the government who can hire and fire anyone, including the prime minister, at will.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Head_of_state (6954 words)

	CEELI - The Albanian Constitution
		Moreover, in a presidential system, the executive power is very likely to override and push aside the deliberations and resolutions of those who are actually the deputies of the people and represent the different groups and interests of a society.
		In a presidential system, the president is not just the head of state who represents the people and national unity but also the supreme governor.
		In a "mixed system," the crucial problem will always be whether and how parliament can be dissolved (by majority vote, a decision of the president and/or the council of ministers) and how a change of government can be brought before the end of the legislative session.
	www.abanet.org /ceeli/countries/albania/constitution/concept_eng/franke.html (955 words)

	Wikinfo President
		A third system is the semi-presidential system, also known as the French system, in which like the Parliamentary system there is both a President and a Prime Minister, but unlike the Parliamentary system the President has significant day-to-day power.
		In states with what is called a Presidential system of government, the President is also the head of government, as well as the head of state.
		Perhaps the most common presidential symbol are the presidential sashes worn by the presidents of South America.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=President (1126 words)

	Free Essay Differences of Parliamentary And Presidential Government
		Presidential systems are based on the strict application of the doctrine of the separation of powers.
		In particular, presidential systems may be ineffective and cumbersome because they offer an ‘invitation to struggle’ to executive and legislative branches of government.
		In this system, there is a ‘duel executive’ in which a separately elected president works in conjunction with a prime minister and cabinet drawn from and responsible to the National Assembly.
	www.echeat.com /essay.php?t=27405 (1208 words)

	Prime Minister - Unipedia
		In some presidential or semi-presidential systems such as those of France, Russia, South Korea, or Taiwan the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the President but approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the President and managing the civil service.
		This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the President (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government.
		In parliamentary systems like the British Westminster system, the prime minister is the head of the government while the position of head of state is largely ceremonial.
	www.unipedia.info /Prime_Minister.html (1378 words)

	Dili, September 2001
		Those arguing in favor of a semi-presidential system felt that it would promote valuable power sharing and co-operation between an elected president and the Prime Minister, and it would prevent corruption whilst guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary.
		It was proposed that if a semi-presidential system were adopted then members of parliament should also be chosen as cabinet members.
		It was generally agreed that a multi-party system would best allow people to choose the party most accurately representing their own views.
	www.un.org /peace/etimor/DB/db190901.htm (2554 words)

	Prof. Gerald Steinberg
		Looking to the U.S., the Knesset adopted a semi-presidential system, and in the 1996 elections, the Prime Minister was chosen by direct popular vote.
		In the past ten years, America's presidential system, with fixed terms of office and a balance of power between different branches of government, seemed more efficient than the parliamentary system based on party lists and a government of constantly shifting coalitions.
		In a parliamentary system, such as exists in most Western European states, a simple majority vote can force a Prime Minister to resign, either to be replaced by a new leader from the majority party or coalition, or triggering new elections.
	faculty.biu.ac.il /~steing/oped/o210898.htm (800 words)

	The Salon: On the Congolese Draft Constitution
		They should have gone either with a fully parliamentarian system (which I do not think is appropriate for Congo anyway), or with the Presidential system, with one head of the Executive, “where the buck stops”.
		The semi-presidential regime did not do Congo any good at independence, with the deadlock between President Kasa-Vubu, and Prime Minister Lumumba, which only ended with the tragic and remote-controlled death of the latter.
		Of all these attempts at “equilibrium”, result a very complicated system, and an unnecessarily long document (about 40 pages) that is attempting to legislate – in a micro-managed way - every aspect of life, including morality, while guaranteeing the corrupt political establishment a continued and undisturbed tenure, without accountability for their past misdeeds.
	themalau.blogspot.com /2005/03/on-congolese-draft-constitution.html (1612 words)

	Editorial: Constitution does not reflect reality
		However, the semi-presidential system adopted in the Constitution is an obstacle to the realization of political accountability.
		Since Taiwan abolished the National Assembly and began holding direct presidential elections, the Presidential Office and the Legislative Yuan have become the main seats of power in Taiwan’s democratic political system.
		A US-style presidential system would better suit the general direction of Taiwan’s political development.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/55/555.html (514 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly Front Page A blueprint for reform
		Egypt, they argue, is shifting away from a semi- presidential political system and towards a parliamentary one.
		But less important than whether Egypt adopts a semi- presidential or parliamentary system, say observers, is the margin for democracy within whichever system emerges.
		With almost two weeks to go before the official presidential campaign begins, National Democratic Party (NDP) pundits and spin doctors are working hard to convince the public that President Hosni Mubarak's vision of comprehensive reform, as outlined in his nomination speech, represents a political shift towards increased democratisation.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2005/754/fr1.htm (897 words)

	DAWN - Letters; 17 July, 2004
		Mr Shahid Javed Burki ("Evolving a new system", July 13) has made a case for restructuring the institutions of governance in Pakistan by introducing a semi-presidential system.
		Moreover, the semi-presidential system can suffer from 'hyper-presidentialism' in which the president comes to dominate constitutional and political domains.
		On this point the present rebellion brought our republic to a severe test; and a presidential election occurring in regular course during the rebellion added not a little to the strain.
	www.dawn.com /2004/07/17/letted.htm (2715 words)

	A Chronology of the Ruling Parties in the World
		For those countries which adopt a "Semi-Presidential" type of political system (such as the Fifth French Republic, Finland) or a political system under which the posts of President and Premier are occupied by different political groups (such as Serbia and Montenegro), the political parties of both the Presidents and the Premiers are listed.
		Under the "Presidential System" (of which USA is a typical example), this refers to the President.
		For those countries with a constitutional monarchical system, although the supreme power is still vested in the Monarch rather than the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister is an important figure in the political system.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Partye.html (502 words)

	americas.org - Constitutional Changes Pushed
		President Miguel Angel Rodríguez told the Legislative Assembly on May 1 he wants the nation to adopt a “semi-parliamentary” or “semi-presidential” system.
		Failing to act would constitute a censure of the administration and would require either formation of a new cabinet or a new presidential election.
		The assembly, further, would have a fixed amount of time to vote on presidential initiatives.
	www.americas.org /item_9984 (142 words)

	ku_mn2_12_7.txt
		I think bicameral system is better for federal states We're all agreed upon bicameral systems I think we should have an upper and a lower house; basically, one is representation al and the other is a fixed number based on certain criteria
		system at first bc of its association with corruption, but i agree with amy in that i think it got be sufficiently modified
		Right now the US uses the SMD system, but I think that the majority runoff system encourages moderation and actual majority support.
	www.ku.edu /~herron/personal/POLS151/ku_mn2_12_7.txt (1910 words)

	Inq7.net :: EXCLUSIVE
		Because in a presidential system, it is very difficult to train because you train somebody but then comes a movie star, a media personality, so that changes everything.
		The American presidential system is working because they have move than 200 years experience in presidential government, and they have a very strong middle class.
		But after ten years, after the shift to unicameral system, given a ten year period, there should be a transition to federal system.
	www.inq7.net /exclusive/2003/mar/01/jdv_03-1-6.htm (1618 words)

	FRANCE: A SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
		avoids shortfalls of pure presidential system, but still may result in gridlock
	falcon.arts.cornell.edu /hz48/france.htm (48 words)

	Presidential System?
		Within this period, they also want to establish 'semi-presidential system', which is also what Erdogan 'wants', and elect Erdogan as the first 'president' of Turkey,'' indicates Sarikaya.
		SABAH- ''Although there are still two years for presidential elections (in Turkey), discussions on who will be elected the new president have already started,'' writes columnist Muharrem Sarikaya in his editorial published in today's edition of Sabah daily.
		Their plan is based on designation of another person from AKP as the new president.
	www.anatolia.com /h.asp?i=42957 (234 words)

	POLAND’S MODEL THE BEST // A1+ ARMENIA • Armenian News Online
		Semi-presidential system of state government supposes that the government should enlist the trust of the parliamentary majority.
		The new Seimas with the support of 3/5 votes can initiate extraordinary presidential election.
		If after the submission of the program the Seimas does not issue and decree during 30 days or the government program is not ratified twice in 60-day term the President can declare of extraordinary elections.
	www.a1plus.am /eng/?go=issue&id=29967 (613 words)

	Vykintas Pugaciauskas' Homepage
		The Impact of Party System Types on the Stability of the Semi-presidential Political System (Summary)
		The Impact of Institutional Models on the Democratic Stability: Comparative Analysis of Semi-presidential Political Systems in Lithuania and Poland (Summary)
		Party System in a Divided Society: The Case of Belgium
	www.geocities.com /vykintas/index_e.html (363 words)

	Turkish Press Review, 03-04-21
		Speaking on television this weekend, Prime Minister and Justice and Development Party (AKP) leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan advocated the eventual adoption of a presidential or semi-presidential system in Turkey, one based on the US model.
		But, if we achieve this, I believe our nation will make a great leap forward.” A presidential system would end the legislature and executive branch from stepping on each other’s toes in “interventions,” he predicted.
		“I believe that a presidential system would be best for Turkey,” he said.
	www.hri.org /news/agencies/trkpr/2003/03-04-21.trkpr.html (1711 words)

	Federal vs
		If you had to recommend either a presidential or a parliamentary system for a new democracy, which would you select and why?
		Why has the French model proved more exportable than the US pure presidential system or the British pure parliamentary system?
		How great is the difference between a unitary and federal system in practice?
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/pjw/2001-notes8.htm (101 words)

	1003review2
		Definitions: Authoritarian regime, totalitarianism, democracy, pluralism, hyperpluralism, traditional democratic theory, class or elite theory, parliamentary system, presidential system, semi-presidential system, premier-presidential system, bi-cameral legislature, uni-cameral legislature, Federal System, Unitary System, Elections, Vote of No-Confidence,
		Relationship between Electoral System and Political Party System
		I reserve the right to include in the exam material that might not be mentioned below.
	www.ux1.eiu.edu /~cflab2/1003review2.htm (182 words)

	Semi-presidential system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semi-presidential systems are sometimes typified by periods of cohabitation, in which the prime minister and president are elected separately, and often from rival parties.
		The semi-presidential system is a system of government that features both a prime minister and a president who are active participants in the day to day functioning of government.
		It differs from the parliamentary system in that it has a popularly elected president who is not a ceremonial figurehead and it differs from the presidential system in that it has an executive prime minister who has some responsibility to the legislature.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semi-presidential_system (369 words)

	Presidential system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In some presidential systems such as South Korea or the Republic of China (or Taiwan), there is an office of the prime minister or premier, but unlike in semi-presidential or parliamentary systems, the premier is responsible to the president rather than to the legislature.
		A presidential system, or a congressional system, is a system of government of a republic where the executive branch is elected separately from the legislative.
		Presidential system presidents may also be given a great deal of constitutional authority in the exercise of the office of Commander in Chief, a constitutional title given to most presidents.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Presidential_system (4037 words)

	Democracy Paper
		What is intriguing is that presidential systems "are empirically associated with democratic failure in marked contrast to relative success of parliamentary democracies established between 1945-1979 none of the presidential or semi-presidential systems were continually democratic during that time period." Presidential systems are highly unstable, have resulted in military uprisings and are not always democratic.
		Presidential systems are based on the premise of Lord Acton "power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely." Each house is supposed to act as a check on another and the House and Senate act as a sober second thought, with respect to policy formation and legislation.
		Parliamentary systems are generally more stable than presidential systems or hybrid systems, thus increasing the probability of democratic participation and ultimately accountability of leaders to the citizens.
	members.shaw.ca /alandar/new_page_19.htm (4308 words)

	Presidential System?
		Within this period, they also want to establish 'semi-presidential system', which is also what Erdogan 'wants', and elect Erdogan as the first 'president' of Turkey,'' indicates Sarikaya.
		SABAH- ''Although there are still two years for presidential elections (in Turkey), discussions on who will be elected the new president have already started,'' writes columnist Muharrem Sarikaya in his editorial published in today's edition of Sabah daily.
		Their plan is based on designation of another person from AKP as the new president.
	archive.turkishpress.com /news.asp?id=42957 (242 words)

	D@dalos education server - Democracy: Types of democracy
		Forming political opinion, meaning actively influencing the opinion of the population by explaining the arguments behind the decisions being taken; and with the exception of parliaments in a presidential system and to a certain extent those in a semi-presidential and directorial constitutions;
		There are a number of western democracies that are difficult to categorize as being parliamentary or presidential systems of government.
		Switzerland has a so-called directorial constitution that combines characteristics of the presidential and the parliamentary system of government.
	dadalos.org /int/Demokratie/demokratie/grundkurs1/Material/typen.htm (242 words)

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In the News (Mon 17 Jun 13)