Semi-trailing arm - Factbites

Semi-trailing arm - Factbites
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Topic: Semi-trailing arm

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	Trailing arm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A semi-trailing arm suspension is an independent rear suspension system for automobiles in which each wheel hub is located only by a large, roughly triangular arm that pivots at two points.
		A trailing-arm suspension is an automobile suspension design in which one or more arms (or "links") are connected between (and perpendicular to) the axle and the chassis.
		Trailing-arm and multilink suspension designs are much more commonly used for the rear wheels of a vehicle where they can allow for a flatter floor and more cargo room.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semi-trailing_arm_suspension (178 words)

	Rear wheel steering system - Patent 4709935
		The rear wheel suspension arrangement allows the trailing arm to displace substantially in the lateral direction of the front end thereof and which comprises an actuator for steering a rear wheel by operating the trailing arm to displace the front portion of the trailing arm essentially in the lateral direction of the vehicle.
		Lateral arms are rotatably coupled at the outer ends thereof to the rear portion of the trailing arm and extending essentially in the lateral direction of the vehicle by pivotally securing the inner ends thereof to the vehicle body.
		Thus, arm 6 formed of arm 8 and arm 9 is allowed to displace at the front portion thereof in the lateral direction of the vehicle by the relative rotation of the arms 8 and 9 generated by deforming bushings 12 and 70.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4709935.html (6353 words)

	AutoZine Technical School - Suspension
		No matter semi-trailing arm or pure trailing arm suspensions, since they are rigidly attached the wheel, inevitably more shock and noise could be transferred to the car body, especially under hard cornering or running on bumpy roads.
		The arm is relatively large compare with other suspensions' control arms because it is in single piece and the upper surface supports the coil spring.
		In theory, any independent suspensions having 3 control arms or more are multi-link.
	www.geocities.com /gkurka2001/CarTech/tech_suspension21.htm (865 words)

	Cartrackers.com
		Suspension The assembly of springs, shock absorbers, torsion bars, joints, arms, etc., that cushions the shock of bumps on the road and serves to keep the wheels in constant contact with the road, thereby improving control and traction.
		Strut A suspension element in which a reinforced shock absorber is used as one of the wheel's locating members, typically by solidly bolting the wheel hub to the bottom end of the strut.
		On a car with a strut suspension, the steering axis is defined by the line through the strut mount on top and the ball joint on the bottom.
	www.cartrackers.com /auto_glossary/s (1357 words)

	Suspension
		The Semi-Trailing Arm rear suspension is a variation of a trailing arm suspension.
		One of the main differences between the M-Coupe rear trailing arms and the earlier E30 arms is the factory addition of an "A-arm" type reinforcement between the two members of the trailing arm.
		As the rear trailing arm moves downwards from horizontal we loose negative camber (i.e.
	www.zvolution.com /Z3Faq/suspension/suspension.htm (1414 words)

	The 2nd Generation Rx-7 Resource
		Mazda's anti-oversteer solution, called Dynamic Tracking Suspension System, involves a semi-trailing-arm rear suspension, a design normally known for inducing tail-happiness.
		Located between the wheel carrier and the trailing arm, the hub consist of two flexible rubber bushings and one inflexible steel bearing, each of which acts as a combination mounting and pivoting point.
		Forged-aluminum control arms and wheel hubs were chosen to provide the necessary stiffness with the least unsprung weight, and the suspension's mounting system is specially designed to resist lateral and twisting forces while discouraging dive during braking.
	2ndgenrx7.freeservers.com /86review.html (2049 words)

	Articles - Suspension (vehicle)
		In the 1930s, the Christie suspension was developed, which allowed the use of coil springs inside a vehicle's armoured hull, by redirecting the direction of travel using a bell crank.
		Horstmann suspension was a variation which used a combination of bell crank and exterior coil springs, in use from the 1930s to the 1990s.
		New suspension technologies in development include a system from the Bose Corporation which uses computer-controlled motors to automatically adjust the suspension to changing road surfaces, keeping a vehicle level and in contact with the road even at high speed over bumpy roads, or in hard cornering.
	www.sinoz.com /articles/Suspension_(vehicle) (690 words)

	Semi-trailing arm suspension
		Samyung Metal Ind. Co., Ltd. Manufacturer of steering and suspension parts-ball joints, tie rod ends, control arms, stabilizer links, rack end, trailing link, lateral links.
		{Suspension of arms} (Mil.), a short truce or cessation of operations agreed on by the commanders of contending armies, as for burying the dead, making proposal for surrender or for peace, etc. {Suspension scale}, a scale in which the platform hangs suspended from the weighing apparatus instead of resting upon it.
		An independent rear-suspension system in which each wheel hub is located only by a large, roughly triangular arm that pivots at two points.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Semi-trailing_arm_suspension.html (679 words)

	Bump Steer - Lambo Lounge
		This system is called semi-trailing arm because the wheels move in an arc determined by a triangular suspension arm with pivot points at the differential and forward of the rear wheels.
		Many cars which used semi-trailing arms avoided the worst of the bump steer problem, and the related camber change problem, by having the suspension set so low that there was already considerable negative camber, and the toe was then set for this height.
		This MacPherson strut, lower A-arm suspension was mounted to a cradle similar to those used on the front wheel drive sedans, but since there was no steering the tie rods were bolted to the cradle to act as toe links.
	www.lambolounge.com /Chassis/Rear-end/Bump-steer/whatis.asp (1129 words)

	z31.com Repairs How to Dissassemble Your Rear Suspension
		300ZXs have semi trailing arm suspension in the rear.
		If removing the suspension arm: With the spring out and the control arm hanging by the shock you must remove one end of the half-shaft.
		You must support the arm if you do not remove the half shafts otherwise you may damage them or pop the apart.
	www.z31.com /repairs/rear.suspension.shtml (227 words)

	Modified Rear Subframe and Trailing Arms
		One can find a picture of this mechanism, as well as a description of roll center in a semi-trailing arm suspension
		Note that this is not possible with the popular K-Mac rear eccentric rear trailing arm bushings, where an adjustment in either camber or toe will also effect the other measurement.
		The effect is unlikely to be all that great, but it was enough to force the BMW Motorsport factory racecars to implement the camber and toe adjustments on the trailing arm, so that the pivot points stayed fixed.
	www.e30m3performance.com /installs/installs-3/jl_sub (358 words)

	BMW 3 Series History
		The E30 was about 150Kg lighter than the E21 and the semi-trailing arm rear suspension was slightly less stroppy about wet roundabouts than the E21's Macphersons.
		In many respects it was similar to the '02, with the M10 straight-4 and Macpherson strut suspension; however, it had put on quite a bit of weight and had lost its handling edge a touch.
		The standard 323i is still a very nice little car, with a standard 127mph top speed, 7.5 second 0-60 and pin-sharp handling and was available with a Getrag 'dogleg' close ratio racing gearbox and ZF limited-slip diff as factory-fitted options.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /jimbonet/3series.html (1126 words)

	BMW Z4
		Instead of a semi-trailing arm suspension, the Z4 uses a more advanced Multi-link suspension.
		While the Z4's front suspension is essentially the same as the Z3's, the rear suspension is considerably different from its predecessor's, which was based on that of the E30 BMW 3-Series.
		The Z4 was designed by Chris Bangle and began the controversy over his "flame surfacing" design and aggressive styling choices, which can also be seen on modern BMW 7-series and BMW 5-Series cars.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/BMW-Z4.htm (397 words)

	MaxFAQ: Maxima History
		It was rear drive, had a semi- trailing arm rear suspension (more advanced than the typical live-axle of the day).
		The new rear suspension is "a new twist on the old beam" (quoted from Motor Trend sometime in '94).
		The challenge facing Nissan engineers was to devise rear suspension that would deliver a properly compliant ride while preventing unwanted camber change and suspension jacking under cornering and eliminating scuff change (transverse movement of the body relative to the axle) over uneven road surfaces.
	home.earthlink.net /~maxfaq/history.htm (4805 words)

	Dutchdub - Ultimate MkII Engineering
		The semi-trailing arm suspension is not particularly well designed and has a reputation for bad camber and toe changes during movement of the rear wheels.
		So it's clear that semi-trailing arms (for better or worse) are no good because it displays a lot of change in the alignment settings as it compresses or drops, which makes it interesting figuring how it works.
		The rubber eccentric trailing arm bushings may only be installed in the wishbone inner mounting.
	www.dutchdub.com /Suspension.htm (3055 words)

	BMW 2002 Turbo by Kyosho
		Like most BMW's of the time, it had semi-trailing arm rear suspension and rear wheel drive (still a BMW core value) which meant the rear end could swing out on cornering.
		It was a super car to drive, with great performance (the turbocharger gave it 170bhp and a 130mph top speed, compared to the 2002tii it was based on, which had 130bhp and a 120mph top speed) and good, if sometimes tricky handling.
	www.iol.ie /~donohoer/0BMW_2002_Turbo.htm (543 words)

	Cadillac history Eldorado 1979-85
		And it was the most sophisticated Eldorado yet, boasting a new independent semi-trailing-arm rear suspension with coil springs and standard electronic leveling, plus the Seville's fuel-efficient 170-bhp 350 V-8.
		An Eldorado script was on the trailing segment of the front fenders, as well as on the decklid.
		Called Touring Coupe it started with the firmed-up "Touring Suspension" option (also offered since '79), but tilted more strongly toward the tweed-cap-and-driving-gloves set with a sporty buckets-and-console interior and a more subdued exterior in Teutonic Silver (telling, that name); it even lacked a vinyl roof and stand-up hood ornament.
	www.100megsfree4.com /cadillac/cad1970/cad79e.htm (1026 words)

	Corner-Carvers Forums - Increasing Anti-Squat in a Trailing Arm Suspension?
		I would think that a semi-trailing arm suspension with a lot of anti-squat was also have some interesting weight jacking and braking characteristics.
		His question was if there is an inexpensive way to add/increase the amount of anti-squat in his trailing arm suspension.
		It's Figure 17.25 in the Millikens' book, and the SVIC is located where the pivot axis of the arm intersects the longitudinal/vertical plane of the wheel.
	www.corner-carvers.com /forums/showthread.php?t=19246 (542 words)

	CARSguide - 1993 Holden VR Commodore [06sep02]
		Holden revised the front suspension of the VR, which was complemented by the introduction of a semi-trailing arm rear suspension asan option across the range, but standard on the Acclaim.
		The transmissions were new, the auto a four-speed controlled by the all-new powertrain electronic brain which took care of the engine, trans, comfort and safety features.
		New to the range with the VR was the Acclaim, which had Holden's V6 engine, auto transmission, ABS brakes, IRS independent rear suspension and an airbag.
	carsguide.news.com.au /news/printpage/0,8297,5037260^26236,00.html (835 words)

	E30 Rear Semi-Trailing Arm Roll Center
		That being said, since a semi-trailing arm has a fixed instant axis (it's axis of rotation) then the instant centers on a semi-trailing arm suspension remain fixed relative to the chassis.
		What you want is that as a car rolls, and one side of the suspension compresses while the other side extends, that the two instant centers move in such a way that the relationship of the roll center to the chassis remains relatively unchanged.
		A roll center which moves around a lot as the suspension compresses and extends is considered undesirable, and can make a car "feel weird" to drive.
	www.e30m3performance.com /tech_articles/susp-tech/roll_center (470 words)

	Advanced Natural Gas Vehicles Begin Fleet Testing
		The semi-trailing arm rear suspension is based on a design found in a number of contemporary gasoline-fueled automobiles.
		In the undercarriage, the stock OEM lateral-link, rear-suspension system was replaced with a custom-developed, semi-trailing arm suspension, and a flat floorpan was installed in place of the spare tire wheel well.
		The arms are outfitted with toe-adjustable bushings and interface directly with the OEM strut, hub, and brake assemblies.
	www.jhuapl.edu /newscenter/pressreleases/1999/advgas.htm (825 words)

	european car: 2003 BMW Z4
		Technically it's called a central link suspension and is comprised of a large, curved longitudinal arm pivoted directly ahead of the rear wheel's center point (hence the name).
		It was, though, modified with forged aluminum control arms and hollow strut rods to help reduce unsprung weight, and more caster was dialed in for better straight-line stability.
		The Z3 eventually progressed into a far more involving roadster with bulging fenders and bigger motors, and the M version (and other six-cylinder Z3s) even came to demand respect, but the Z4 was touted to be a major step forward for the line.
	www.vwtrendsweb.com /training/0302ec_z4bmw (1860 words)

	MotorMouth - Fuel Prices and Petrol Prices Australia
		And while the extra suspension link has been widely discussed, for this model there is also a host of other suspension changes.
		Able to be felt especially clearly on bumpy secondary roads, the damping and much better poise of the rear suspension keeps the car tracking truly and with reassuring stability.
		Well, when coupled with the fact that the Berlina is now equipped as standard with traction control, this is a much safer car than the VT Berlina that we tested a few years ago.
	motormouth.com.au /myvehicle/carreview.aspx?article=car10 (1430 words)

	John G.Burns Home Page - BMW
		It used the traditional semi trailing arm suspension and the same basic engine and transmission design as the older model.
		The E32 was the successor to the aging E23 series and was thus the second version of the seven series.
		Many E32s had self levelling rear suspension but this is often deleted if it fails due to high repair costs.
	www.unixnerd.demon.co.uk /e32.html (702 words)

	VW Trends Magazine: Super Project '71
		For example, that crazy emissions control system canister and collector found in the Super's fuel system, the MacPherson struts and rear semi-trailing arm suspension that had been offered on the '67-and-later automatic.
		The drop arm is attached to the base of the steering gearbox at the top, while connected to the steering damper at the bottom.
		The track control arm, the steering knuckle, the ball joint and the stabilizer bar need attention, as well as do their corresponding bushings.
	www.vwtrendsweb.com /tech/0307vwt_super (3343 words)

	Zephyr & Zodiac Running Gear
		Final drive and rear suspension assemblies are also carried on detachable cross-members, which are rubber insulated at their four anchorages to the main hull.
		The individually sprung rear wheels, being free from the twisting forces imposed by a normal rear axle, maintain close contact on wet and slippery roads and permit the full power of the car to be used with safety.
		Extensions behind the gearbox and forward from the final drive housing have kept propeller shaft length to the minimum, eliminating a possible source of noise and vibration.
	www.geocities.com /zephyr_mark4/susp.html (148 words)

	Trailing arm -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Trailing-arm and (Click link for more info and facts about multilink suspension) multilink suspension designs are much more commonly used for the rear wheels of a vehicle where they can allow for a flatter floor and more cargo room.
		Simple trailing-arm designs in (The axle of a self-propelled vehicle that provides the driving power) live axle setups often use just two or three links and a (Click link for more info and facts about Panhard rod) Panhard rod to locate the wheel laterally.
		Many small vehicles feature a (Click link for more info and facts about MacPherson strut) MacPherson strut front suspension and trailing-arm rear axle.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/t/tr/trailing_arm.htm (114 words)

	John G.Burns Home Page - BMW
		Although a good system the semi-trailing arm suspension has some geometry shortcomings under hard cornering, these are resolved by the more complex multi-link system.
		Lowering a BMW with semi-trailing arm rear suspension more than about 25mm will result in too much negative rear camber.
		Another cause of knocking can be a failed trailing arm bushing, two are used to locate the front of each trailing arm to the subframe.
	www.unixnerd.demon.co.uk /suspension.html (1569 words)

	Rear Suspension: Trailing Arm vs Coil Spring - 3 Series - Automotive Forums .com Car Chat- A Message Board for Every Make and Model
		The main reason semi-trailing arms are a desirable design is that it's simple, and the camber change when the car is leaning around a corner helps keep the wheels perpendicular to the ground.
		The control arm pivots along a single axis on two bushings, and it extends from the center of the car diagonally outward - hence the term 'semi-trailing'.
		The multi-link rear suspension used on the other E36 models causes the wheel to travel in a fairly complicated compound arc.
	www.automotiveforums.com /t82463.html (1113 words)

	channel4.com - 4Car - text only
		A lightweight sportscar was the obvious choice of bodystyle because of the engine's lack of low-down pulling power, and NSU modified its Prince Coupe to take water cooling and semi-trailing arm rear suspension.
		Around 1900 were built to see how the car would perform in the abusive hands of the public.
	www.channel4.com /4car/feature/topten/topten-849/rotary-engined-classics-2_t.html (179 words)

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