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Topic: Semiarid

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	Our focus: A background to The Sahel and the semiarid region - Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The semiarid regions of the world are defined as transition zones between arid and sub humid belts.
		semiarid regions are characterised by low and restricted precipitation because of the inability of moisture bearing winds to penetrate into, and cool down within such regions.
		semiarid lands of the world are also characterised by basins of closed drainage due to inability of the surface waters to maintain themselves against evaporation.
	www.syngentafoundation.com /sahel_semi_arid_region.htm (495 words)

	The 12 Climate Regions (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Semiarid and desert climates occur in regions with little precipitation.
		Semiarid and desert climates occur over a greater land area than any other climate grouping.
		Middle latitude semiarid and desert climates are in the rain shadows of mountain ranges.
	www.rickriordan.com.cob-web.org:8888 /12_climate_regions.htm (823 words)

	A simulation model for a shrub ecosystem in the semiarid Karoo, South Africa Ecology - Find Articles
		Semiarid ecosystems are believed to be sensitive to climatic change and such forms of landuse as heavy grazing, ploughing, and strip mining (UNESCO 1980, Barrow 1991).
		Degradation and desertification in semiarid rangeland may be rapid, but recovery is slow because plant growth is rain limited and denudation reduces rainfall effectivity (Milton et al.
		The dominant species of semiarid plant ecosystems often have life-spans up to decades, so that changes in vegetation composition may take longer than human life-spans.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_n7_v76/ai_17438548 (891 words)

	ICASALS - International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies (ICASALS) at Texas Tech University was created in 1966 to promote the university's special mission of the interdisciplinary study of arid and semi arid environments and the human relationship to these environments from an international perspective.
		The purpose of ICASALS is to stimulate, coordinate and implement teaching, research, and public service activities concerning all aspects of the world’s arid and semiarid regions, their people and their problems.
		ICASALS brings together the sciences, technologies, humanities and arts with a particular emphasis on applied research and education concerning those regions where loss of productivity and declining water resources are of tremendous significance to the inhabitants and the economies involved.
	www.iaff.ttu.edu /home/icasals/new_home.asp (152 words)

	semiarid - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		In the semidesert, or steppe, zone that lies between the dry woodland savanna and the desert, annual precipitation is between 250 and 500 mm (10 to...
		Farmers grow some grains in Asia’s dry interior regions, and the raising of cattle, sheep, and horses is important.
		Semiarid Climate : illustrations: United States Climate Regions
	encarta.msn.com /semiarid.html (89 words)

	Torrential Rainfalls in the Semiarid Environment of Dobrogea (Romania)
		As a result, this semiarid area, long deemed hostile to human settlement, started being populated so that more and more localities began cropping up.
		The present approach tackles the problem of the relationship between the state of environment and the geomorphic processes peculiar to Dobrogea's semiarid space, with focus on the behaviour of surface formations to the impact of torrential rains.
		The climate : The main climatic variables designating as Dobrogea semiarid region (Stanescu et al., 1993) are the thermal regime and the atmospheric precipitations conditional upon the radiative and dynamic factors of climate and topography.
	www.toprak.org.tr /isd/can_27.htm (2713 words)

	Conservation Ecology: Impacts of grazing on semiarid rangelands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We are not considering forests vs. grasslands; we are considering semiarid savanna rangelands that are being grazed by domestic livestock that either exclusively or preferentially eat grass.
		The model we have presented, which was designed to address the problem of woody plant invasion in semiarid rangelands, has a strong empirical base, including the physiological response of the grasses to grazing and the responses of grasses and woody plants to fire.
		We have to disagree with Jones' suggestion that the widespread conversion of mixed shrub-grass, semiarid rangelands to shrub-dominated systems with an insignificant grass layer is not a general case and is not due to the effects of grazing and the elimination of fire.
	sunsite.wits.ac.za /eco/vol6/iss2/resp5/index.html (733 words)

	[No title]
		The most significant challenge of revegetating semiarid rangelands is to repair damaged processes, improve microenvironments, and establish plants that will continue recovery processes.
		In arid and semiarid ecosystems, shrubs or trees improve microenvironmental conditions by moderating wind and temperature patterns (Farrell 1990; Vetaas 1992).
		In semiarid and arid wildlands, survival is highest when the seed are placed at the bottom of furrows.
	cnrit.tamu.edu /cgrm/whatzhot/monterrey/whisenant.html (4353 words)

	Our focus: A background to challenges in semiarid agriculture - Syngenta Foundation for Sustainable Agriculture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to world population statistics, approximately 1bn people live in semiarid regions worldwide and yet the number of people living and deriving their livelihoods from the productivity of these marginal lands is growing by day.
		semiarid areas have at least one entirely rainless month/year and the amount of rainfall ranges from 500mm-1000mm/annum in most areas.
		Cultivation in semiarid areas is also associated with long periods of high winds, which can remove fertile topsoils causing soil erosion.
	www.syngentafoundation.com /sahel_semi_arid_challenges.htm (629 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: A New Reservoir Tillage System for Crop Production in Semiarid Areas
		Semiarid regions may receive sufficient rainwater to support crops, but it is distributed so unevenly in time and/or space that rainfed agriculture is not always successful.
		The new RTS was implemented in field during the 2002 rainy season at three locations in semiarid Central Mexico.
		Soil water content was greater in the new RTS than the conventional system, which resulted in greater crop growth and increments of yields in the average of 100% for the different beans varieties.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/Publications.htm?seq_no_115=150996&pf=1 (327 words)

	Promoting Sustainable Development in Less-Favored Areas -- Development Strategies for Semiarid South Asia, by John Kerr
		Water may be the key to sustainable intensification of agriculture in the semiarid tropics, because farmers manage their soil better on irrigated plots.
		Four issues are especially significant for development of less-favored lands in the semiarid tropics: technology development, legal and administrative reforms for natural resource management, infrastructure investment, and risk management.
		Another factor that distinguishes the semiarid tropics is distance from a large town or city.
	www.ifpri.org /2020/focus/focus04/focus04_06.htm (1754 words)

	Adoption and impact of dry-season dual-purpose cowpea in the Nigerian semiarid region
		In the semiarid zones of west and central Africa, farmers cultivate different cowpea varieties.
		In the semiarid zones of sub-Saharan Africa, crop and livestock farming forms the source of sustenance for resource-poor farmers.
		It is a semiarid locality lying on latitude 11o34'N and longitude 8o44'E. The ecology is typical of that of the Sudan, with an annual erratic rainfall of between 500 and 1000mm during a 4 months season.
	www.solutions-site.org /artman/publish/article_9.shtml (1710 words)

	The desert biome (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.tamu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the upper bajada (lower slopes) they are coarse-textured, rocky, well-drained and partly "laid by rock bench." In the lower bajada (bottom land) the soil is sandy and fine-textured, often with "caliche hardpan." In each case there is no subsurface water.
		The spiny nature of many plants in semiarid deserts provides protection in a hazardous environment.
		Semiarid desert photos, from left: Gerald and Buff Corsi © 2000 California Academy of Sciences; David K. Smith, UCMP; Gerald and Buff Corsi © 2000 California Academy of Sciences.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /glossary/gloss5/biome/deserts.html (1654 words)

	Arizona Rangelands: A Global Perspective on Land Uses in the Arid and Semiarid Zone
		The climate of the temperate and tropical arid (including semiarid regions) zone is both an asset and a liability.
		Arid and semiarid climates are characterized by low precipitation amounts.
		The allocation of resources-land, water, vegetation, and minerals-in arid and semiarid lands may be more contentious than other climatic zones.
	cals.arizona.edu /agnic/az/land-uses.html (1366 words)

	Low Input Agricultural Systems Based on Cactus Pear for Subtropical Semiarid Environments
		The presence of a few heavy rains followed by numerous events of short duration and low intensity is typical of the Northern semiarid areas of the Mexico.
		Intelligent use of rainfall is a prerequisite for successful farming in semiarid areas.
		Combining two perennials in semiarid conditions in the same piece of land does not seem to be a sound alternative.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /newcrop/proceedings1999/v4-367.html (2990 words)

	Research scientists work to unravel complex arid, semiarid landscapes
		A team of researchers has developed a multi-faceted process to study arid and semiarid landscapes that takes into account the wide range of factors influencing changes that can result in desertification.
		Almost 40 percent of the Earth’s surface and 20 percent of the world’s population are found in regions that are under threat from desertification, which can result in the loss of grass and degradation of soil as grasslands are converted into woody-plant-dominated landscapes.
		One message she tries to get across is that people can have an impact on arid and semiarid areas.
	www.nmsu.edu /~ucomm/Releases/2006/june/desert_landscapes.htm (777 words)

	Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands
		Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands SEARCH STRATEGY s (arid()climate or arid()lands or arid()regions or arid()zones or deserts or arid()soils or semiarid()climate or semiarid()lands or semiarid()regions or semiarid()lands)/de,ti s farming/de,ti s s1 and s2 Farming in Arid and Semiarid Lands 1 NAL Call.
		In 15 trials, winter wheat (WW) outyielded spring wheat (SW) by an average 36%, and in three trials, 'Norstar' WW yielded 26% higher than the high-yielding semidwarf SW, 'RY 320.' Protein yield was higher for WW in two of 15 trials and protein concentration was always higher for SW.
		Language: English Descriptors: Arid regions; Semiarid zones; Irrigated farming 61 NAL Call.
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/AFSIC_pubs/qb94-54.htm (15664 words)

	APPLICATION OF THE RHESSys MODEL TO A CALIFORNIA SEMIARID SHRUBLAND WATERSHED1 Journal of the American Water Resources ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In this study, the hydrologic submodel of RHESSys is evaluated by comparing model predictions of monthly and annual streamflow to stream gage data and by comparing RHESSys behavior to that of another hydrologic model of similar complexity, MIKESHE, for a 34 km^sup 2^ watershed near Santa Barbara, California.
		Since water is often a limiting resource for both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems in semiarid regions, ecosystems in these areas are likely to be highly sensitive to these changes.
		These interactions are particularly complex in semiarid regions where precipitation regimes can vary dramatically from year to year, and temporal and spatial patterns of vegetation can be highly variable as a function of both climate and fire regimes (Keeley, 2000).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa4038/is_200406/ai_n9448113 (855 words)

	The Desert Environment - DesertUSA
		Semiarid regions average 10 to 20 inches of annual precipitation.
		About one-third of the earth's land mass is arid to semiarid (either desert or semidesert).
		Desert streams and rivers are formed where there are grasslands, semiarid woodlands and forested uplands called watersheds.
	www.desertusa.com /desert.html (864 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Unraveling Components of Evapotranspiration in Semiarid Woodland from the Isotopic ...
		Citation: Yepez, E.A., Scott, R.L., Williams, D.G. Unraveling components of evapotranspiration in semiarid woodland from the isotopic composition of water vapor.
		The relative contributions of transpiration (T) and soil evaporation (E) to total ET was determined in a semiarid woodland ecosystem dominated by mesquite trees (Prosopis velutina), perennial C4 grasses (Sporobolus wrightii) and annual herbs.
		As evidenced by the dynamic contribution of soil, trees and understory vegetation to ET in response to different biotic and abiotic controls, our data illustrate the utility of Keeling plots of water vapor for describing ecosystem-level water dynamics of semiarid environments.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=163837&pf=1 (660 words)

	Tight coupling between soil moisture and the surface radiation budget in semiarid environments: Implications for ...
		Observations are used to examine how soil moisture influences the surface radiation budget, ground heat flux, and available energy in semiarid environments.
		Defining this relationship is critical to understand interactions between the land surface and the atmosphere, in particular assessing if a feedback exists between soil moisture and rainfall anomalies.
		is likely greater in semiarid environments because soil moisture-induced fluctuations in evaporative fraction and surface temperature are relatively large.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002WR001297.shtml (424 words)

	002
		Crop production in semiarid climate regions has been recognized as having a high potential due to its high photosynthetically active radiation throughout the year.
		However, utilization of semiarid area to intensive crop production is still limited due to the difficulty to control temperature while reducing resource consumption.
		Limitation of knowledge on greenhouse climate and water use under semiarid climate prevents wider application in semiarid areas for intensive but sustainable crop production.
	ag.arizona.edu /ceac/CEACresearch/Energy/002.htm (187 words)

	Growth, nitrogen uptake, and metabolism in two semiarid shrubs grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 ...
		Growth, nitrogen uptake, and metabolism in two semiarid shrubs grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: effects of nitrogen supply and source -- Causin et al.
		Growth, nitrogen uptake, and metabolism in two semiarid shrubs grown at ambient and elevated atmospheric CO concentrations: effects of nitrogen supply and source
		Mazzarino M. Oliva A. Abril M. Acosta 1991a Factors affecting nitrogen dynamics in a semiarid woodland (Dry Chaco, Argentina).
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/91/4/565 (5259 words)

	Sensitivity of Semiarid Forests and Woodlands to Climate-Induced Disturbances in the Southwestern U.S.
		In general, semiarid vegetation is thought to be among the most sensitive to potential climate change effects.
		Given that global change models predict regional droughts of even greater magnitude and longer duration than the 1950's drought as climate change progresses, widespread shifts in the distributions of semiarid forests and woodlands could take place.
		The overall objective is to assess the sensitivity of semiarid forests and woodlands to climate-related disturbances, particularly drought and fire.
	www.nrel.colostate.edu /projects/brd_global_change/proj_66_semiarid_woodlands.html (647 words)

	ICASALS - International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies’ (ICASALS) mission is to promote and facilitate multidisciplinary initiatives in research, education and regional development programs that address the understanding of processes caused by natural phenomena and by the human presence in arid and semiarid lands.
		The International Center for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies (ICASALS) plans to be a recognized international leader in the study and management of water related issues in dry lands.
		Promote research in arid and semiarid lands with an emphasis on water resources.
	www.iaff.ttu.edu /home/icasals/pages/plan.asp (1051 words)

	Multiobjective optimization for sustainable groundwater management in semiarid regions
		Increasing demands for water by competing users in semiarid regions pose new challenges for water resources managers.
		Once the proposed algorithm identifies a set of efficient solutions (alternatives), concepts borrowed from fuzzy set theory are applied to rank the alternatives and to assist decision makers in selecting a suitable policy among them, each of which is optimum with regard to its goal and the corresponding consequences.
		James McPhee and William W-G. Yeh, "Multiobjective optimization for sustainable groundwater management in semiarid regions" (2004).
	repositories.cdlib.org /postprints/260 (276 words)

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