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Topic: Semiconductor detector

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	How Night Vision Works: Techniques using Low-light and Infrared imaging
		However, it is the effect of absorbed infrared energy that causes changes to detector carrier concentrations which in turn affect the detector’s electrical properties.
		When infrared radiation from night-time scenes are focused onto uncooled detectors, the heat absorbed causes changes to the electrical properties of the detector material.
		Uncooled detectors are mostly based on materials that change their electrical properties due to pyroelectric (capacitive) effects or microbolometer (resistive) effects.
	www.hownightvisionworks.com (2158 words)

	Semiconductor detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to detect traversing charged particles or the absorption of photons.
		Semiconductor detectors have found broad application during recent decades, in particular for gamma and X-ray spectrometry and as particle detectors.
		Consequently, in semiconductor detectors the statistical variation of the pulse height is smaller and the energy resolution is higher.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semiconductor_detector (530 words)

	Semiconductor photo detector containing crystalline amplification layer - Patent 5847418 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A semiconductor photo detector according to claim 3, which is constructed so that the energy value of the conduction band of said photo carriers in said barrier layer shows a monotonous decrease toward the advancing direction of said photo carriers at the time when drive voltage is applied between said pair of electrodes.
		The semiconductor photo detector according to this invention is formed by stacking a lower electrode 2, an amplification layer 3, an optical absorption layer 4 and a upper electrode 5 one after another on an insulating substrate 1.
		The semiconductor photo detector according to this embodiment is fabricated by stacking a lower electrode 12, an optical absorption layer 13, an amplification layer 14 and an upper electrode 15 one after another on an insulating substrate 11.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5847418.html (9463 words)

	Particle detector - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In experimental particle physics, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to track and identify high-energy particles, such as produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator.
		Detectors designed for modern accelerators are huge, both in size and in cost.
		The term "counter" is often used instead of detector, when the detector counts the particles but does not resolve its energy or ionization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Particle_detector (198 words)

	[S] TERMS & DEFINITIONS IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
		SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR Radiation detector using a semiconductor in which free electric charges are produced along the path of an ionizing particle.
		SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR, DIFFUSED JUNCTION A semiconductor detector in which the P-N or N-P junction is produced by diffusion of donor or acceptor impurities.
		SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTOR, P.I.N. A semiconductor detector consisting of a compensated region between a P and an N region.
	www.radiochemistry.org /nomenclature/s.htm (2347 words)

	ORTEC - Semiconductor Radiation Detectors
		The equivalent circuit of a semiconductor detector operated as a spectrometer is shown in Fig.
		When semiconductor detectors are used as spectrometers, they are invariably connected to a charge-sensitive (integrating) preamplifier with a high dynamic input capacitance.
		For coaxial Ge detectors, W is the radius of the cylinder (specified in the detector instruction manual).
	www.ortec-online.com /detectors/review_physics/pulse.htm (1200 words)

	The role of semiconductors in digital x-ray medical imaging
		The application of heavy atom semiconductor detectors to x-ray digital imaging is discussed with regard to their operation as gamma detectors and imaging arrays.
		A gamma photon, absorbed within a semiconductor detector, generates electrical charge that is proportional to the photon energy and the energy is measurable by full charge collection.
		Semiconductor detector arrays are presently made in experimental or low volume quantities.
	urila.tripod.com /xray.htm (1858 words)

	Everett Infrared and Electro-optic Technology - Preamplifiers for Electro-optic Detectors
		The main difference is that a semiconductor detector is governed primarily by the energy gap between the valence and conduction bands and non-semiconductor detectors do not have bandgaps.
		Semiconductor detectors are frequently referred to as quantum detectors and non-semiconductor detectors as thermal detectors.
		When the detector is exposed to radiation with sufficiently short wavelength to bridge the bandgap, a potential is generated across the junction and the curve is shifted downward as shown in the figure.
	www.everettinfrared.com /preamplifiers.htm (5836 words)

	Photovoltaic radiation detector element - Patent 4394676
		A radiation detector element is formed of a body of semiconductor material, a coating on the body which forms a photovoltaic junction therewith, and a current collector consisting of narrow metallic strips, the aforesaid coating having an opening therein the edge of which closely approaches but is spaced from the current collector strips.
		The detector element of claim 2 wherein said wafer is formed of chlorine-compensated cadmium telluride semiconductor material, said coating is formed of graphite, and said current collector is formed of silver.
		The two signals have opposite polarity, and since the output signal from the detector element is the algebraic sum of the signals generated at its opposite faces, the output is thus less than the signal generated at the front face of the detector element.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4394676.html (1157 words)

	Semiconductor-Based Radiation Detectors: Industrial Sensor Development at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
		The basic function of the detectors is to convert the energy of absorbed photons or charged particles into electrical signals that provide a measure of each particle's energy and, depending on the application, interaction location within the detector.
		Detector arrays fabricated on high-resistivity Si wafers are being developed for a variety of applications, such as x-ray spectrometers for high-count-rate synchrotron radiation detection, portable instrumentation, and planetary exploration.
		The active part of the detector is 60 mm by 60 mm by 10 mm thick and was produced using the amorphous-semiconductor electrical contact technology.
	eetd.lbl.gov /aet/sensors/sn_semi.html (946 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - particle detector
		PARTICLE DETECTOR [particle detector] in physics, device for detecting, measuring, and analyzing particles and other forms of radiation entering it.
		Typical of these small detectors are pocket-size ionization chambers that resemble fountain pens and film detectors, embedded in badges, that register the amount of radiation by the degree of exposure of the film.
		Development of a position sensitive neutron detector with high efficiency and energy resolution for use at high-flux beam sources.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/p/partdect.asp (499 words)

	XR-100T-CdTe and -CZT Charge Trapping Application Note (ANCZT-2 Rev. 2)
		Photons were observed to backscatter from the collimator into the detector, producing a broad peak at 80 keV, and fluorescent x-rays were produced in the collimator and surrounding shield, at the W and Pb characteristic x-ray lines.
		Detectors with long hole lifetime and larger leakage currents are better suited for high energy measurements, where resolution is dominated by hole tailing and electronic noise is unimportant.
		The development of detectors using these contacts is a very active and promising field of research, for large volume CZT detectors used in gamma ray detection.
	www.amptek.com /anczt2.html (5330 words)

	Driving Energy Resolution to the Noise Limit in CdZnTe Gamma Detector Arrays
		The detector circuit response is adjusted to a short shape time of a spectroscopy amplifier that overlaps with the build-up period.
		The adjusted detector circuit is not sensitive to hole trapping and the gamma energy resolution is improved to the noise limit.
		The operation of a single pixel in a detector array is less sensitive to holes trapping, compared to a separate single detector, according to the small pixel theory [1, 2].
	urila.tripod.com /pixel.htm (2531 words)

	Semiconductor material and device properties
		Semiconductor detectors are designed so that optical energy (photons) incident on the detector active area produces a current.
		The particular properties of the semiconductor are determined by the materials used and the layering of the materials within the device.
		The responsivity of a detector is a function of the wavelength of the incident light and the efficiency of the device in responding to that wavelength.
	www.tpub.com /neets/tm/111-2.htm (393 words)

	Electron lifetime determination in semiconductor gamma detector arrays
		Extensive work has been done on producing monolithic gamma detector arrays equipped with common negative contact and positive contact array.
		Alpha particles, or gamma photons, generate charge near the negative contact, and the induced charge signal is measured vs. the bias voltage on the detector.
		The classical Hecht equation [3], and the induced charge on a single pixel of a detector array, are utilized to calculate the detector output vs. bias voltage in a small pixel detector.
	urila.tripod.com /hecht.htm (1219 words)

	Semiconductor photo detector - Patent 5656831
		A semiconductor photo detector has its construction such that on a substrate made of InP are formed light absorption layer having a supperlattice structure made of n- type InGaAsP and InAsP, an intermediate layer made of n- type InGaAs, a multiplication layer made of n- type InP and a layer made of p- type layer.
		A semiconductor photo detector according to claim 1, wherein said photo detector is arranged as a mesa type photo detector.
		A semiconductor photo detector according to claim 2, wherein a guard ring is provided in said window region and said region having the second conductivity is formed in said guard ring.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5656831.html (3575 words)

	[D] TERMS & DEFINITIONS IN NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
		DETECTOR, 1/n A neutron detector for which the cross section of the detection reaction varies inversely with neutron speed.
		DETECTOR EFFICIENCY (, INTRINSIC) The ratio of the number of particles or photons detected to the number of similar particles or photons which have struck face of a radiation detector.
		DETECTOR, RADIATION An apparatus or substance for the conversion of radiation energy to a form of energy which is suitable for detection and or measurement.
	www.radiochemistry.org /nomenclature/d.htm (1456 words)

	Semiconductor Detectors - Tutorial - Developer Zone - National Instruments
		High-purity germanium detectors are intrinsic semiconductors used for the detection of gamma radiation.
		b) A surface-barrier extrinsic-semiconductor detector is made of n-type single-crystal silicon with a p-type layer of silicon dioxide formed on the surface facing the radiation.
		A p-i-n junc-tion structure (n- and p-regions are separated by an intrinsic region) is used in order to increase the depletion depth, which is adjusted according to the type of particles and their energy: the higher the energy, the greater the depletion depth.
	zone.ni.com /devzone/conceptd.nsf/webmain/FEA61233C61662B806256857007ACB80?opendocument&node=dz00000_us (397 words)

	LNEPS Semiconductor Detector Research and Development Group
		As a result, precise silicon planar detectors with the energy resolution close to a theoretical value were realized and numerous types of detectors for alfa and betta-radiation and X-ray detection were developed for scientific applications, medicine, nuclear technology and environmental control.
		The technique was successfully used in the group as a main method for the confirmation of the models of detector operation and as a tool for definition of radiation induced defect parameters.
		This work is based on the results of multiple guard ring Si detector study [9] and is concentrated on the development of large silicon monolithic pixel arrays operated with scintillator, or for direct detection of low energy X-rays.
	www.ioffe.rssi.ru /LNEPS/research/strokan.html (1235 words)

	Detector
		The basic mechanism for the operation of a semiconductor as a nuclear radiation detector is the collection of electrons and holes generated by the interaction between the high energy particle (i.e.
		The device is basically a metal-semiconductor-metal, (MSM) device, and a diagram of the detector and its associated electronics is shown above.
		The variety of applications of this family of detector materials already includes uses in medicine, defense, industry and research.
	www.fisk.edu /~aburger/Research/Detector/detector.html (168 words)

	CHP - Photodiode and Photovoltaic Detectors (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The concentration of these electron-hole pairs is dependent on the amount of light striking the semiconductor, making the semiconductor suitable as an optical detector.
		Photovoltaic detectors contain a p-n junction, that causes the electron-hole pairs to separate to produce a voltage that can be measured.
		Photodiode detectors are not as sensitive as PMTs but they are small and robust.
	www.chem.vt.edu /chem-ed/optics/detector/pd.html (128 words)

	Semiconductor Detector Development and Processing Lab
		Silicon radiation detectors continue to be applied to nuclear and high-energy physics experiments in both increasing complexity and quantity.
		Detector radiation hardness against displacement damage has become a major issue in the development of silicon tracking detectors for high-energy physics experiments in the LHC.
		We are the first group to use low resistivity silicon materials for particle detectors with improved radiation hardness, which is a leading candidate of the actual material for detector fabrication in LHC applications.
	www.inst.bnl.gov /programs/semicondet (1417 words)

	CdTe Semiconductor Gamma Radiation Detectors equipped with ohmic contacts
		The amount of charge photogenerated by a gamma photon in a semiconductor detector is proportional to its energy.
		Therefore, ohmic contact detectors are not sensitive to the slow or even lack of hole movement, and there is no need of trapping compensation by an external circuit.
		Since ohmic contact detectors are not sensitive to hole movement, it would be advantageous to increase the electrons lifetime on expense of that of the holes.
	members.tripod.com /~urila/cdte.htm (1158 words)

	LRK-1. Low-background spectrometry laboratory.
		One of the main techniques used today for environment radionuclides content analyses is the semiconductor detector low-background spectrometry.
		Detector unit based on the semiconductor detector CANBERRA GL3830 and GL13021 in 7935-7S low-background cryostats (with the "CANBERRA" updating) and ORTEC GEM30185 normal type (not low-background) detector; all detectors are placed in passive low-background protective chambers;
		Protective chamber with detector weight is not in excess of 600 kg; overall dimensions including cover opening/shifting space: 0,6õ0,8õ1,3 m (WxDxH).
	www.radiation.ru /eng/project/laborat.htm (1227 words)

	Micron Semiconductor Silicon Detector Catalogue
		Micron Semiconductor Ltd believes it has created the most custom AC and DC detectors in the world during the past 20 years with an estimated 200 individual designs.
		A wide range of custom detectors have been manufactured, the majority of which are double sided with the full 100 mm2 active area.
		Capability for 6 inch processing has significantly expanded in March 2000 with in house installation of a VARIAN 300 XP ion implanter that produces virtually defect free detectors both single and double sided from thicknesses of 20 microns to 2000 microns.
	www.micronsemiconductor.co.uk /product.asp (224 words)

	Dr. Chiara Guazzoni - Research activity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		She is co-inventor in an Italian patent extended to Europe and to the United States concerning the invention of a new semiconductor detector for X-ray imaging and spectroscopy called Controlled-Drift Detector.
		Differently from conventional Silicon Drift Detectors, the lateral (that is, in the direction orthogonal to the drift) broadening of the signal charge generated by the incident radiation is prevented by means of deep p implants.
		Her main efforts of the PhD research activity are devoted to the complete development of a new kind of semiconductor detectors for high energy resolution X-ray spectroscopy retaining the position information of the incident X-rays.
	www.elet.polimi.it /upload/guazzoni/CURRENT.HTM (1386 words)

	Semiconductor manufacturing solutions from Sierra Monitor and FieldServer Technologies
		The manufacturing of Semiconductors and other high technology devices usually entails the use of various hazardous and combustible gases including Silane, Hydrogen, and others.
		The Model 3200 Flame Detector is specially designed for these Wet Bench applications to constantly monitor for flames that could lead to a catastrophe in the clean room.
		Bringing the data from the various sensors, devices and systems in a semiconductor plant to the central processing system is important in the safety, efficiency and operation of the semiconductor manufacturing facility.
	www.sierramonitor.com /markets/semiconductor.asp (272 words)

	Ph 77 - Gamma - Ray and X-Ray Spectroscopy - First Term 2000-2001
		The detector used here is a disk (3.6 cm diameter x 1.3 cm thick) of ultra-high purity (intrinsic) germanium fabricated for Low Energy Photon (LEP) spectroscopy, and mounted in a LN cooled cryostat with a very thin (0.25 mm Beryllium) entrance window.
		The inner walls of this case are coated with a layer of aluminum oxide to diffuse and redirect the generated light towards the window that must itself be optically coupled to the PMT faceplate with a thin layer of fluid.
		Verify that the output signal from the Ge detector is connected to the input of the Ortec 570.
	www.pma.caltech.edu /~ph77/labs/exp12.html (5397 words)

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