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Topic: Semilunar valve

	pulmonic valve
		In a study of 360 congenitally malformed semilunar valves, 208 involved the pulmonic, and 108 involved the aortic valve (1.9:1).
		Of 206 abnormal valves, 21 showed a spectrum from tricuspid to quadricuspid: 9 were quadricuspid, 7 were tricuspid with a raphe (ridge) in the right pulmonary sinus (space behind the cusp) and fusion of the dorsal commissure (opposite the aortic valve), and 5 were tricuspid with a raphe in the right sinus.
		The authors postulate that the abnormalities of the semilunar valves may be mediated during embryogenesis by cells of the neural crest that act separately on the aortic and pulmonic valves [3].
	pathhsw5m54.ucsf.edu /case22/pv.html (485 words)

	HeartScape: The Valves of the Heart
		The AV valves are composed of 2-3 leaflets.
		The semilunar valves are simpler structures than the AV valves.
		The pulmonic and aortic valves are virtually identical although the aortic valve consists of a thicker fibrous structure than the pulmonic valve.
	www.skillstat.com /heartscape/valves.htm (229 words)

	Heart valves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		A common complication of rheumatic fever is thickening andstenosis of the mitral valve.
		The tricuspid valve is on the right side of the heart, between the rightatrium and the right ventricle.
		Being the first valve after the venae cavae, and thus the whole venous system, it is the most common valve tobe infected (endocarditis) in IVdrug users.
	www.therfcc.org /heart-valves-7997.html (674 words)

	Dear _________
		This mini-review is devoted to the anatomy, physiology and pathology of the aortic, mitral and tricuspid valves.
		The valves separating the atria from the ventricles are referred to as atrioventricular (av) valves.
		All prosthetic valves to date (whether placed in the atrioventricular or semilunar valve positions) are imitations of the native semilunar valves.
	www.umdnj.edu /mednweb/image/valveimage/2002_ValvularDisease_Web.htm (1870 words)

	Heart valve replacement using flexible tubes - Patent 5480424
		Most tissue valves are constructed by sewing the leaflets of pig aortic valves to a stent (to hold the leaflets in proper position), or by constructing valve leaflets from the pericardial sac (which surrounds the heart) of cows or pigs and sewing them to a stent.
		In the case of the semilunar valves (the aortic and pulmonary valves), the necessary functional remnants are the three cusps, which are the remains of the functioning portion of a simple tube.
		Upon exposing the artificial valve during the removal surgery, the surgeon was struck by the similarity in shape and appearance of the diseased trileaflet valve to a normal mitral valve.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5480424.html (16402 words)

	Heart Valves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The surface projection is on the left side of the sternum opposite the left 3rd intercostal junction whereas the valve is ausculated on the left side of the sternum at the 2nd intercostal junction.
		The surface projection is behind the sternum opposite the 4-5th intercostal junction whereas the valve is ausculated at the lower left quadrant of the body of the sternum where the "bare area" is.
		The surface projection is to the left of the 4th intercostal junction whereas the valve is ausculated at the 5th intercostal space in the mid-clavicular line.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/GrossAnatomy/thorax0/heart/valves.html (171 words)

	BIOL 238 Class Notes - The Heart
		Semilunar valves - Located at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk and aorta, close to prevent backflow of blood into ventricles when the ventricles relax.
		The AV valves are open, the semilunar valves are closed.
		Pressure has risen enough in the ventricle to close the AV valves but not enough to open the semilunar valves and cause ejection of blood.
	webanatomy.net /anatomy/cardiac_printer.htm (2486 words)

	THE PHONOCARDIOGRAPHY
		The AV valves are not blown backwards into the atria as they are attached to the papillary muscles by "chordae tendinae." AV valve closure is the major component of the 1st heart sound (lub).
		The sharper sound of semilunar valve closure may be due to the high pressure which snaps them shut; this may be particularly true of the aortic semilunar valve.
		Semilunar Valve Insufficiency: This uncommonly detected murmur is heard during circumferential rebound of the large arteries, as high arterial pressure pushes blood back through the leaky semilunar valve into the distended (relaxed) ventricles.
	faculty.etsu.edu /currie/phonocardiography.htm (1604 words)

	Bio 100: Heart Anatomy
		The motion of a heart valve is analogous to the motion of the front door of your house.
		The semilunar valves (pulmonary valve and aortic valve) are one-way valves that separate the ventricles from major arteries.
		This valve keeps blood from flowing backward into the left ventricle as blood is pumped from the left ventricle into the arch of the aorta.
	www.biosbcc.net /b100cardio/htm/heartant.htm (1367 words)

	ON-X Valves - A Product of MCRI
		In cardiology "bicuspid valve" generally refers to the common congenital abnormality of an aortic valve with two cusps, or leaflets, instead of the normal three.
		In a heart valve, an impingement could be the entrapment of surgical thread, chordal strands or host tissue between the moving parts of the heart valve, which could interfere with the valve's function.
		Semilunar Literally, half-moon shaped, describing the characteristic shape of the leaflets of the aortic and pulmonary valves.
	www.onxvalves.com /Patients_Glossary.asp (2008 words)

	Articles \| Center of Flow Cytometry and FACS
		However, existing solutions for valve replacement are complicated by the morbidity associated with lifelong anticoagulation of mechanical valves and the limited durability of bioprostheses.
		Autologous semilunar heart valves were then created in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells and the biodegradable scaffold and were implanted into the pulmonary position of sheep on cardiopulmonary bypass.
		Valves displayed a maximum instantaneous gradient of 17.2+/-1.33 mm Hg, a mean gradient of 9.7+/-1.3 mm Hg, an effective orifice area of 1.35+/-0.17 cm2, and trivial or mild regurgitation at implantation.
	www.cytometry.cz /en/articles/407-from-stem-cells-to-viable-autologous-semilunar-heart-valve..html (1825 words)

	The aortic and pulmonary valves (semilunar valves)
		In the right image (at A) the truncus is cut away so that the semilunar valve level is visible.
		Thus, the semilunar valves come to lie near the av-level with the atrioventricular valves.
		Analogously the anterior pulmonary valve shifts to the left and the left towards the rear.
	www.embryology.ch /anglais/pcardio/klappen02.html (316 words)

	Heart
		To listen to the pulmonary semilunar valve the stethoscope should be placed just to the left of the sternum in the second inteercostal space.
		To listen to the left atrioventricular (mitral ot bicuspid) valve the stethoscope should be placed approximately 3 inches to the left of the sternum in the forth intercostal space.
		Although this valve does have three cusps the onus is on you to remember which side of the heart that would be on.
	www.etsu.edu /cpah/hsci/forsman/webheart2.htm (3376 words)

	Virtual Cath Lab (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		semilunar valves constitute the second set of heart valves and are named for each of the three crescent-shaped cusps that make up each valve.
		Each of the two large arteries receiving blood from the ventricles has a semilunar valve at its proximal end that prevents the backflow of blood into the ventricle during diastole.
		As the ventricles contract the semilunar valves are forced to open and the cusps are forced against the artery wall.
	user.gru.net /clawrence/vccl/chpt2/pulmao.htm (148 words)

	Cardiovascular System / Heart / Structure of the Heart
		The valves between the atria and ventricles are called atrioventricular valves (also called cuspid valves), while those at the bases of the large vessels leaving the ventricles are called semilunar valves.
		The valve between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk is the pulmonary semilunar valve.
		The valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is the aortic semilunar valve.
	training.seer.cancer.gov /module_anatomy/unit7_2_cardvasc_heart1_structure.html (531 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		c.’s of aortic valve semilunar c's of aortic valve.
		c.’s of pulmonary valve semilunar c's of pulmonary valve.
		semilunar c.’s of aortic valve the three semilunar cusps surrounding the orifice of the aortic valve.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_c_68zPzhtm (2158 words)

	Blood Flow through the Canine Heart
		The semilunar valve opens when the ventricle contracts, enabling bloodflow into the artery and closes when the ventricle relaxes, thus eliminating backflow from the artery into the ventricle.
		The semilunar valve on the left side of the heart is the aortic valve.
		With the relaxation of the left ventricle the aortic valve closes, the mitral valve opens and the process is repeated.
	www.barkbytes.com /medical/med0054.htm (497 words)

	IvyRose Holistic : Vascular System : The Heart : Semilunar Valves (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The semilunar valves are two of the four valves within the heart - the other two valves being the atrioventricular valves.
		The semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta is called the aortic valve.
		The semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk (of the pulmonary artery) is called the pulmonary valve.
	www.ivy-rose.co.uk /References/glossary_entry348.htm (171 words)

	Cardiovascular System
		The blood then goes through the tricuspid valve, which is an atrioventricular valve, and enters the right ventricle.
		The right ventricle contracts, pumping the blood through the pulmanary valve, a semilunar valve, and through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs.
		The left ventricle is the largest chamber and is required to pump the blood through the semilunar aortic valve into the aorta which disperses the blood throughout the body.
	library.thinkquest.org /03oct/02090/TQEnglish/cardiovascularsystem.htm (1065 words)

	Aortic or Mitral Valve Regurgitation: Link to Fen Phen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Two of the valves are located between the atria and ventricles, and are known as atrioventricular valves.
		The right atrioventricular valve is formed from three flaps of tissue and is called the tricuspid valve, while the left atrioventricular valve has two flaps and is called the bicuspid or mitral valve.
		Mitral valve prolapse is the most common type of valve abnormality, affecting 5 to 10 percent of the United States population, the majority of them women.
	www.fen-phen-legal-resources.com /matrix.htm (960 words)

	aorticvalve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The aortic semilunar valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta.
		Once the left ventricle contracts the aortic valve is opened, allowing the oxygenated blood to pour into the aorta.
		Like the other semilunar valve, the aortic valve only allows the blood to flow in one direction.
	www.smm.org /studio3d/julie/aorticvalve.htm (58 words)

	Location- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Isovolumetric contraction- all of the valves are closed, volume of ventricle is constant but the pressure rises.
		End-systolic volume (ESV)- the amount of blood in the ventricle after the semilunar valves are closed (50 ml, 40 % of EDV).
		Second Heart sound- the "dupp" results from vibrations caused by semilunar valve closure during ventricular diastole.
	users.stlcc.edu /cgopalan/CHAPTER20.htm (896 words)

	Heart, Superior Mediastinum
		arises superior to the left cusp of the aortic semilunar valve; during its short course, it is located in the coronary sulcus; the anterior interventricular a.
		mitral valve has two valve cusps; it is named for the similarity of its shape to that of a bishop's miter; also known as: left atrioventricular valve or bicuspid valve
		semilunar valve has a thin endothelial free margin on each cusp called a lunula; a dense nodule is located at the midpoint of the free margin of each valve cusp; the pulmonary semilunar valve has anterior, left and right cusps; the aortic semilunar valve has right, left and posterior cusps
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/heart2.html (1985 words)

	Sheep Heart 6
		A similar valve (the aortic smilunar valve) can be found at the base of the aorta where it exits the left ventricle.
		Each semilunar valve is composed of three pocket-like cusps with the pocket facing away from the ventricular chamber.
		When the ventricles contract during systole, the increasing blood pressure within the ventricles forces the cusps of the semilunar valves outward against the arterial walls so that the blood can pass into the aorta and pulmonary trunk.
	bioweb.uwlax.edu /aplab/Table_of_Contents/Lab_19/Sheep_Heart_6/sheep_heart_6.html (261 words)

	From Stem Cells to Viable Autologous Semilunar Heart Valve -- Sutherland et al. 111 (21): 2783 -- Circulation
		Echocardiograms of implanted valve in short (c) and long (d) axes, in same approximate orientation as macroscopic images (a, b), show triangular orifice and smooth continuity between valve leaflet and inner concavity of respective sinus of Valsalva.
		the inflow surface of the valve was characterized by the presence
		Dual structural and functional phenotypes of the porcine aortic valve interstitial population: characteristics of the leaflet myofibroblast.
	circ.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/111/21/2783 (5258 words)

	Foundations of Physiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		AV valves are closed and semilunar valves are preparing to close.
		AV valves are still closed and volume of blood in the ventricles is the ESV.
		Pressure is rising in the ventricles, but is still less than pulmonary artery/aortic pressure which leads to semilunar valves remaining __________.
	www.indiana.edu /~phys215/lecture/lecnotes/chap13part2N.html (917 words)

	Cardiovascular Ultrasound \| Full text \| Quadricuspid aortic valve not discovered by transthoracic echocardiography
		In this patient the quadricuspid aortic valve malformation was associated with severe aortic regurgitation (Figure 3).
		The most prevalent other cardiac malformation associated with quadricuspid aortic valve was anomalies of the coronary arteries, which have been reported in 10% of the cases [9].
		The prevalence of quadricuspid aortic valve is to low to study the diagnostic accuracy of transthoracic versus transoesophageal echocardiography in the detection of this malformation.
	www.cardiovascularultrasound.com /content/4/1/41 (1045 words)

	The Heart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Endocardium (simple squamous epithelium {endothelium} B the epithelial layer completely lines the inner surface of the heart and valves and is continuous with the tunica interna of the vascular system.)
		Each cardiac muscle cell is surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue that connects each cell to adjacent cells and allows all of the cells in (either the atria or ventricles) to be interwoven into a functional mass of cells.
		Physical support for valves, nerves and blood vessels that pass through the heart.
	www.austincc.edu /secrest/Heart.htm (273 words)

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