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Topic: Semitic monotheism

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Ugarit

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Akkadian language

	Semitic gods - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semitic gods refers to the gods or deities of peoples generally classified as speaking a Semitic language.
		As Semitic itself is a rough, categorical term, the definitive bounds of the term "Semitic gods" are likewise only approximate.
		Scholars have speculated that the "transition" from polytheism to monotheism was likely a form of theological supremacy — by which the theology of a supreme deity, the "One God," naturally grew from the supremacy of a particular culture to which that "One God" was favorable toward.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Semitic_gods (214 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Monotheism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Exclusive monotheism is a well-known tenet in the beliefs of the Abrahamic religions.
		Worship of a single god within a pantheon and the abolition of all others may be monotheism, as in the case of the Aten cult in the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten, under the wifely influence of the Eastern-originating Nefertiti.
		The monotheism as inherited by the Israelites in Exodus by Moses, is supposed, by those who hold that the Israelites are the Hyksos, to be an inheritance of Akhenaten's religious policies, as the Jews were formerly polytheist like the Egyptians.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Monotheism (2325 words)

	Monotheism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Western context, the concept of "monotheism" tends to be exclusively tied to the concept of the Abrahamic God of the Abrahamic religions —typically as a whole group, but may be used in particular reference to the God as defined by a specific religion or sect.
		The very term "monotheism" is controversial in larger contexts, as Western culture has a noted tendency for classification and terminology which draws distinctions and differentiations according to increasingly specialised concepts rather than by the integration or inclusion of similar ones.
		Exclusive monotheism, on the other hand, claims that worship of divinities such as angels and gods that are other than the one God is incorrect or demonic, though they may believe in their existence.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Monotheism (4049 words)

	Wisdom Literature - LoveToKnow 1911
		Old Semitic philosophy was a science not of ontology in the modern sense of the term, but of practical life.
		The firm establishment of the doctrine of practical monotheism happened to coincide in time with the destruction of the national political life (in the 6th century B.C.).
		At the moment when this doctrine had come to be generally accepted by the thinking part of the nation, the Jews found themselves dispersed among foreign communities, and from that time were a subject people environed by aliens, Babylonian, Persian and Greek.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Wisdom_Literature (2026 words)

	JewishEncyclopedia.com - MONOTHEISM: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The French writer Ernest Renan has propounded the theory that the monotheistic instinct was a Semitic trait, and that therefore the universal belief that it was characteristic of the Hebrews alone must be modified.
		Even this preparatory stage to universal monotheism was not reached until centuries after the occupation of the land; there was a syncretism of religious cults; the people were tolerant of the local ba'alim; Jeroboam was able to set up the calf-gods at Dan and Bethel without arousing a great outcry.
		Not only in Palestine was monotheism now the sure possession of the Jewish people, but it may be said that the Judaism of the Diaspora is conscious of itself as the bearer of the monotheistic doctrine and as being therein distinguished from all its surroundings (comp.
	www.jewishencyclopedia.com /view.jsp?artid=731&letter=M&search=monotheism (1682 words)

	Semites, Semitic Religion (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There in the fertile valleys among the high hills the ancient Semites developed their distinctively tribal life, emphasizing the beauty and close relationship of Nature, the sacredness of the family, the moral obligation, and faith in a personal God of whom they thought as a member of the tribe or friend of the family.
		Assyria was racially purely Semitic, but her laws, customs, literature, and many of her gods were acquired from Babylonia; to such an extent was this true that we are indebted to the library of the Assyrian Ashurbanipal for much that we know of Babylonian religion, literature and history.
		Because the Semite used the figure of the rock (Deuteronomy 32:4, Deuteronomy 32:18, Deuteronomy 32:30) in describing God, or poetically conceived of the storm-cloud as Yahweh's chariot (Psalms 104:3), we must not be led into believing that his religion was a savage animism, or that Yahweh of Israel was only the Zeus of the Greeks.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/7806 (2931 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Monotheism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		His call for monotheism is said to have been met with scorn and rejection.
		Geiger, Abraham GEIGER, ABRAHAM [Geiger, Abraham], 1810-74, German rabbi, Semitic scholar and Orientalist, theologian, and foremost exponent of the Reform movement in Judaism.
		Derived from an old Semitic root refering to the Divine and used in the Canaanite El, the Mesopotamian ilu, and the biblical Elohim, the word Allah is used by all Arabic-speaking Muslims, Christians, Jews, and others.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Monotheism (693 words)

	aton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		According to this thesis, monotheism was introduced by the queen Nefert-iti, main wife of Amenophi IV and probably of eastern origin.
		The monotheist religion Nefert-iti had learnt in her country of origin, by coming in contact with Israeli nomad tribes, was first instilled in the old king Amenophi III and then in Amenophi IV, a man she considered feeble and also,almost certainly, suffering from different syndromes (21).
		The proof's could be found in two elements: the first is the fact that it was Akhenaton's father who spoke first of solar monotheism, exactly in the last days of his life, a period which may coincide with the time when he got married to the young Hurrian princess.
	www.geroglifici.it /aton.htm (4528 words)

	Monotheism
		Worship of a single god within a pantheon may also evolve into a form of monotheism, as in the case of the Aten cult in the reign of the Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaton.
		The Christian belief in the Trinity is monotheism, the worship of the one God of Abraham according to Trinitarian tradition.
		Such critics claim that the Trinity is in fact a form of Tritheism, a hypothetical belief system which teaches that there are three gods -- that is, that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost are, specifically, three distinct Gods.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/m/mo/monotheism_1.html (616 words)

	INTERRACIAL VOICE - Guest Editorial
		Monotheism was the ancient world's way of rejecting the provincial allegiances and concerns of idolatry and so asserting a more universal identity.
		Europe's racial consciousness would enshrine its attitude toward monotheism in the famous label "Dark Ages." This epithet was really the end result of a long and intense struggle through which the new identity of race was able to wrest supremacy from monotheism.
		It was the new society's opinion of the thousand year reign of Christian monotheism in Europe, a Golden Age as far as monotheists were concerned, but from the perspective of the triumphant notion of race a period of great ignorance and greater intolerance.
	www.webcom.com /~intvoice/liam5.html (7135 words)

	Western Stereotypes of Hinduism
		For example, monotheism and polytheism are a priori assumed by Westerners as mutually exclusive and exhaustive alternatives.
		Semitic religions have incorrectly proclaimed monotheism as their gift to the world.
		Since monotheism was defined against paganism and to fight it, this positions Indic religions as polytheistic and therefore as pagan and heathen in the minds of students.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/7830/stereotype.htm (5151 words)

	Welcome to Nur Ummah.Com - Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		That is, God chose a series of Semites to be His apostles and then imparted to them His commandments, frequently in the form of Scriptures, through His angels.
		It was these revelations and their divinely inspired interpretations which provided the fundamentals of the Semitic religions as they exist today.The basic difference in respect of beliefs of the Aryan and Semitic religions can be briefly described in terms of monism and monotheism respectively.
		The philosophy of Islam is explicitly that of monotheism.
	www.nur-ummah.com (890 words)

	Root of Intolerance In India. S. Gurumurthy, BJP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		People in the Semitic society, on the other hand, seem to have burdened themselves with the state the moment they graduated from tribalism and nomadic life to a settled existence.
		This unity of the Semitic state and the Semitic society proved to be its strength as a conquering power.
		When a Semitic king won and wiped out another, it was not just another state that was wiped out, but all social bearings and moorings of the society -- all its literature, art, music, culture and language.
	www.bjp.org /history/htvgm-10.html (4327 words)

	Christian View of God and the World (xxii.iii.ii)
		in regard to it, Max Muller’s essay on “Semitic Monotheism,” in vol.
		This theory, therefore, is the precise reverse of the former.
		A strong argument against the development theory in question may be drawn from the results of the newer Pentateuch criticism itself.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/orr/view.xxii.iii.ii.html?bcb=0 (754 words)

	Hinduism, Environmentalism and the Nazi Bogey
		Firstly, to Western ears, but largely unknown to Hindus, the term "Semitic" is bedevilled by connotations with "anti-Semitism" and is rarely used in any other context, except by linguists when they refer to the language group chiefly comprising Akkadian, Ugaritic, Phoenician, Hebrew, Aramaic, Arabic and Amharic.
		Monotheism is not so much untrue, it is first of all silly.
		Finally, it is not true that "all the ills of modernity that the left and right both agree upon are pinned on to the monotheistic conception of God" by the Hindu authors (and myself as a non-Hindu author) mentioned.
	koenraadelst.voiceofdharma.com /articles/politics/bogey.html (14210 words)

	Semites, Semitic Religion - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
		The words "Semites," "Semitic," do not occur in the Bible, but are derived from the name of Noah's oldest son, Shem (Genesis 5:32; 6:10; 9:18,23; 10:1,21; 11:10; 1 Chronicles 1).
		Possibly in Arabia Semitic blood ran purest, but even in Arabia there were tribes from other races; and the table of the nations in Ge divides that land among the descendants of both Ham and Shem (see TABLE OF NATIONS).
		Because the Semite used the figure of the rock (Deuteronomy 32:4,18,30) in describing God, or poetically conceived of the storm-cloud as Yahweh's chariot (Psalms 104:3), we must not be led into believing that his religion was a savage animism, or that Yahweh of Israel was only the Zeus of the Greeks.
	www.searchgodsword.org /enc/isb/view.cgi?number=T7806 (2853 words)

	Interview with Professor Megalommatis - Part I
		Ethiopian Meroe was particularly polytheistic, and the religious impact of Khammitic Egypt on the early Kushitic phases of civilization with epicenter at Kerma and at Napata was polytheistic.
		Prophet Eliyah may well have known details about the Egyptian monotheism of Aton, as introduced by Pharaoh Akhenaton, an entire historical phenomenon to which Moses and the Exodus seem to be an emanation and a continuation, but we cannot afford to say that Eliyah was inspired by that fact.
		Monotheism is monotheism; the cultural environment may vary but matters very little.
	www.voicefinfinne.org /English/Interviews/Interview_Mega4.htm (11558 words)

	Overthrow.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		One can be born "of a Semitic race" and not absorb the Semitic culture -- one can, as the religious mullahs would put it -- "assimilate" and be raised in the traditions of another culture.
		Semitism is defined by intolerance and religious hegemony.
		The Semitic Christian fundamentalists, "Judaeo-Christians" and various atheistic Judaic off- shoots such as communism and neo-conservatism and atheistic Christian off- shoots like social democracy have done the exact opposite and attempted to strip the Western people of America of their fundamental rights.
	www.overthrow.com /lsn/news.asp?articleID=1222 (980 words)

	ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE BIBLE
		Among the speakers of the western Semitic languages of Palestine, the term "asherah", derived from the name of Asherah the wife of El himself, has became a generic term for "Divine Wife".
		The Anunnaki is the Babylonian equivalent of the West Semitic elohim.
		The time during which real monotheism (as opposed to the henotheistic acceptance of the gods of the other nations as subordinate Yahweh) became the dominant motif of Hebrew culture was the reign of king Josiah.
	cc.usu.edu /~fath6/bible.htm (5463 words)

	From Monotheism to Polytheism
		It is not surprising, therefore, that the God of the Semites is a God of pure spirit.
		There is a monotheism that precedes the polytheism of the Veda; and even in the invocation of the innumerable gods the remembrance of a God one and infinite, breaks through the mist of idolatrous phraseology like the blue sky that is hidden by passing clouds.
		Without a doubt the most informative work on the monotheism of primitive people is that by Wilhelm Schmidt, which, though originally a many-volumed work in German, was published in 1930 in a condensed English translation as a single volume.
	custance.org /old/evol/2ch1/2ch1.html (6571 words)

	BJP vis a vis Hindu Resurgence
		Judaism (which is linguistically "Semitic" in that its basic texts are in Hebrew and Aramaic) is a communal religion just like Hinduism and most tribal and traditional religions, not a creedal one like Christianity and Islam.
		The Semitic peoples including the Arabs until the 7th century AD and the early Israelites were heathens worshipping goddesses in sacred groves and the like.
		Monotheism was brought into Judaism by Moses, culturally an Egyptian, and had already been briefly imposed on the Egyptians by Pharaoh Ekhnaton.
	www.bharatvani.org /books/bjp/section20.html (1813 words)

	AskWhy! Marduk and Monotheism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Equally uncertain is the date of the entry of the Semites, whose language ultimately displaced the non-Semitic Sumerian idioms.
		When the Semitic Babylonian language came to be used for official documents, although the non-Semitic divine names are mainly preserved, some of them have been displaced by the Semitic equivalent names, such as Shamash (Shamash) for the sun-god, Bel and Beltu (Beltis, “the lord” and “the lady”).
		It might be a forgery, a text altered by the Persian ministry of religions to foster Babylonian monotheism from the sixth century, but if it is genuinely ancient, then it shows that monotheism already existed in Mesopotamia at a date before the putative Jewish prophets, perhaps before the migration of Abraham.
	www.askwhy.co.uk /judaism/0235Marduk.html (10227 words)

	A Guide to Understanding the Bible
		The first chapter of Genesis reveals a confident monotheism, but that represents centuries of developing life and thought from the time the Hebrews were introduced at Sinai to their god, Yahweh.
		Religion among the Semites had had a rich history before Moses, and he and his people were the inheritors of a long and significant tradition.
		Monotheism as religious imperialism is a familiar and easily understandable phenomenon, but, so far as I know, the monotheism of the Old Testament, the defiant faith of a humiliated and crushed people in the sole reality and sovereign omnipotence of their God, is alike in its quality and consequence unique.
	www.religion-online.org /showchapter.asp?title=545&C=649 (15486 words)

	MONOTHEISM
		Many of those scholars held to polytheism instead of monotheism because they believed that man has evolved upward in such areas as physical development, social relationships, intellectual capacities, and spiritual understanding.
		He made his point very clearly: "In my opinion the history of the oldest civilisation of man is a rapid decline from monotheism to extreme polytheism and widespread belief in evil spirits.
		Again quoting Dr. Custance: "Without a doubt the most informative work on the monotheism of primitive people is that by Wilhelm Schmidt, which, though originally a many-volumed work in German, was published in 1930 in a condensed English translation as a single volume, "The Origin and Growth of Religion: Facts and Theories".
	www.bloomington.in.us /~lgthscac/monotheism.htm (2982 words)

	1. Bible and Monotheism
		To fully appreciate the origins of contemporary Jewish monotheism it is helpful to return to the roots from which this stalk has grown.
		The various religions of the Semitic and pre-Semitic Middle East were, from the earliest recorded times, thoroughly polytheistic.
		Before the Hebrew Bible was written, the Semitic religions of the Middle East (Sumerian and Acadian) universally distinguished between El, sometimes called Bull El to emphasize his great power and fertility in his role as the Father of the Gods, and the Great Assembly of those other gods, His children ?.
	www.earth-history.com /Earth-01.htm (3155 words)

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