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	Ignaz Semmelweis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semmelweis was born on July 1, 1818 in Tabán, an old commercial sector of Buda, the fifth child of a prosperous shopkeeper of German origin.
		Semmelweis' father wanted him to become a military advocate in the service of the Austrian bureaucracy, but when Semmelweis travelled to Vienna in the fall of 1837 to enroll in its law school he was instead attracted to medicine.
		Semmelweis was an active liberal, but a conservative movement gained power in 1848 and in 1849 he was fired from his position.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ignaz_Semmelweis (1604 words)

	EAGO Newsletter
		Semmelweis soon became convinced that the solution to the problem of puerperal fever lay in the difference between these figures and he was determined to find the reason for this discrepancy.
		Semmelweis observed that the pathological findings in the cadavers of the mothers and in their babies were identical.
		In 1855 Semmelweis was appointed professor of obstetrics at the University of Pest.
	www.obgyn.net /eago/art15.htm (2072 words)

	Chapter 5: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
		Semmelweis, of German ancestry and Hungarian birth, studied medicine at the University of Vienna where in 1844, at the age of 25 he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine.
		Semmelweis was unsparing in his condemnation of those who denied his doctrine in spite of the high mortality rates in their own institutions.
		The importance of Semmelweis as a forerunner of Pasteur and Lister is in his doctrine of puerperal fever as a bloodstream infection (septicemia) caused by a specific transferable agent, and preventable by destroying the agent with an antiseptic (20 years before Lister published a description of his antiseptic principle).
	elane.stanford.edu /wilson/Text/5c.html (3146 words)

	Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (www.whonamedit.com)
		Despite early protests, especially from the medical students and hospital staff, Semmelweis was able to enforce the new procedure vigorously; and in barely one month the mortality from puerperal fever declined in his clinic from 12.24 percent to 2.38 percent.
		Unfortunately, Semmelweis had neglected to correct the papers of these friends of his, and thus failed to make known their mistakes, so that the interference might be drawn that only infection from septic virus caused puerperal fever.
		Following the death of the incumbent, Semmelweis was appointed by the Austrian Ministry of Education to the chair of theoretical and practical midwifery at the University of Pest in July 1855, although he had been only the second choice of the local medical faculty.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/354.html (2688 words)

	The Cry and the Covenant — A Review
		Semmelweis was a country bumpkin from Hungary in the sophisticated milieu of Vienna and his cup of social graces was as empty as his font of empathy for his patients was full.
		Semmelweis began using a liquid chlorine which was too expensive, so he had to innovate a solution of chlorated lime that was strong enough to remove all traces of the smell of the autopsy room from his hands.
		Semmelweis was later to discover that in England no dissecting was done at the maternity facilities, and in France the doctors-in-training hired prostitutes for their training in gynecological inspections, using live bodies instead of dead ones as they did in Vienna.
	www.doyletics.com /arj/tcatcrvw.htm (2076 words)

	Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis and bacteriology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Semmelweis' achievements and the tragedy of his life had been given their due place in the history of mankind, Alexander Frankel, formerly Theodor Billroth's assistant and later his biographer, critically stated that the discoverer of the causes of puerperal fever should have defended his discovery with facts rather than with fanaticism.
		In 1847 Semmelweis postulated his theory; ie, that the pathological-anatomical changes which he observed in the bodies of the women who died in childbed, in their newborn infants, and in the autopsy findings on his friend Jakob Kolletschka were an entity, morphologically and clinically.
		Even though Semmelweis was continually abhorred by the evident statistics and would have been able to prove his discovery through animal experiments, he primarily took to the pen to defend his opinion vehemently.
	www.anaesthetized.com /ignazsemmelweis.html (221 words)

	Budapest Pocket Guide - Ignatius Semmelweis
		Semmelweis was shocked by the deaths of so many young mothers and threw himself with passion into the search for the causes of the disease.
		This discovery was a great shock to Semmelweis, for he considered himself to be responsible for the deaths of the mothers since after carrying out dissections of corpses he had performed his gynaecological work, infecting the women with his own hands.
		In 1855 Semmelweis returned to Hungary and became head physician at the Rókus Hospital, where he introduced the use of his disinfectant and as a result the number of women dying from puerparal fever fell dramatically.
	www.budpocketguide.com /TouristInfo/famous/Famous_Hungarians15.asp (587 words)

	comments on semmelweis kuhn
		Semmelweis would not have noted the possible importance of the priest walking through the ward, for example, unless he had some kind of psychological hypothesis in mind.
		Semmelweis discovered that if doctors disinfected their hands thoroughly after performing autopsies then the incidence of childbed fever plummeted in the women whose babies they delivered shortly afterwards.
		In that sense, then, Semmelweis could not have discovered the cause because he was not in a position to conceive the very "fact" that was at issue.
	faculty.uccb.ns.ca /philosophy/222/7comments.htm (1029 words)

	Childbed Fever: A Nineteenth Century Mystery - Case Study Collection - National Center for Case Study Teaching in ...
		Ignaz Semmelweis, a young Hungarian doctor working in the obstetrical ward of Vienna General Hospital in the late 1840s, was dismayed at the high death rate among his patients.
		One of Semmelweis’ friends was distracted by the conversation, and he punctured his finger with the scalpel.
		Semmelweis died in 1865 in an Austrian mental institution.
	www.sciencecases.org /childbed_fever/childbed_fever.asp (572 words)

	Semmelweis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Born in Buda and educated at the universities of Pest and Vienna, Semmelweis became assistant professor in the maternity ward of the Vienna General Hospital.
		Semmelweis noticed that women who were examined by student doctors who had not washed their hands after leaving the autopsy room had much higher mortality rates.
		Semmelweis nevertheless encountered strong opposition from hospital officials, and because of his political activity as well, left Vienna in 1850 for the University of Pest, where he became professor of obstetrics at the university hospital.
	www.accreditationservices.com /Semmelweis.htm (261 words)

	Irina is Always Right: Ignaz Semmelweis
		Ignaz Semmelweis was a physician (back when physicians were only first realizing that bleeding may not fix anything) from Budapest (back when it was Buda and Pest), working in Vienna (back when it was part of Austria-Hungary) general hospital (Krankenhaus- my fave German word!).
		From this, Semmelweis hypothesized that the high rate of puerperal fever was due to med students and doctors not washing their hands between handling the dead bodies and the pregnant mothers.
		A better Semmelweis reflex, and one that keeps the emphasis on bacteria, is the long denied, and only recently accepted hypthesis that bacteria (particularly Helicobacter pylori) are the cause of peptic ulcers as opposed to stress and high acidity.
	rinaface.blogspot.com /2006/04/ignaz-semmelweis.html (737 words)

	Biography of Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis - Original name: Ignác Fülöp Semmelweis - Whonamedit.com (undated)
		In the fall of 1837, Semmelweis travelled to Vienna, ostensibly to enroll in its law school in order to comply with his father’s wish that he become a military advocate in the service of the Austrian bureaucracy.
		Semmelweis had no literary style and his book is difficult reading; it had an overwhelming mass of badly-presented statistics.
		Semmelweis was fired from his hospital, expelled from his medical society, denounced and ridiculed widely, reduced to abject poverty and finally was beaten to death in a madhouse.
	www.mindfully.org /Health/Ignaz-Philipp-Semmelweis5mar1865.htm (3253 words)

	The Free Information Society - Ignaz Semmelweis Biography
		Semmelweis performed an autopsy on his friend and discovered signs of infection similar to that of the many women dying of puerpal fever.
		Semmelweis subsequently proposed that the cause of the high prevalence of the disease in the one clinic was due to students carrying infectious particles on their hands.
		In 1848, Semmelweis began requiring that all medical instruments used in his department be cleaned in the same chlorinated solution prior to reuse.
	www.freeinfosociety.com /site.php?postnum=656 (743 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
		At the end of May, 1847, Semmelweis made the assertion that the terrible endemic at the Vienna hospital among lying-in women was caused by infection from the examining physicians, who had previously made pathological dissections, or who had come into contact with dead bodies without thorough cleansing afterwards.
		After Semmelweis had introduced the practice of washing the hands with a solution of chloride of lime before the examination of lying-in women, the mortality sank from 18 percent to 2.45 percent.
		Unfortunately, Semmelweis had neglected to correct the papers of these friends of his, and thus failed to make known their mistakes, so that the inference might be drawn that only infection from septic virus caused puerperal fever.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13712a.htm (603 words)

	Project Creation \| A Creation Education Ministry
		Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was born July 1, 1818, and received his MD in 1844 in Vienna, where he was appointed to be an assistant at the Maternity Hospital.
		Semmelweis realized that something from the dead woman had infected his friend, and therefore something the medical students carried on their hands from one patient to another was causing the childbed fever.
		Semmelweis died feeling defeated by the very same medical establishment which had taken the Hippocratic oath, vowing "The regimen I adopt shall be for the benefit of my patients.
	www.projectcreation.org /creation_station/station_detail.php?PRKey=13 (1129 words)

	Childbed Fever Mystery
		Alluding to an important sociological problem, Semmelweis explains that women often claimed, falsely, that the birth of their children had occurred unexpectedly on the way to the hospital in order to receive free care.
		Thus, Semmelweis draws the important distinction between the two types of "street births", births that actually occurred in the street, often under unfavorable conditions, and those that occurred, safely and hygienically, in the home.
		Upon discovery of the cause of the deaths, Semmelweis immediately replaced the soap-and-water wash with chlorina liquida, which destroyed the cadaverous particles adhering to the hands of the doctors.
	www.med.mcgill.ca /mjm/issues/v01n01/fever.html (1210 words)

	The New York Review of Books: 'The Fool of Pest': An Exchange
		Semmelweis was never an ordinary medical practitioner, having embarked on his specialty training in obstetrics almost immediately after receiving his diploma from the most scientifically advanced medical school in the world.
		Semmelweis did not lack for mentors or for supportive colleagues who urged him to carry out well-designed experiments to prove his hypothesis, and then submit monographs to scientific journals.
		Semmelweis, Nuland goes on to argue, was part of a close-knit group of mentors and academics, a scientific network by any standards.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/17009 (2304 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Doctor Semmelweis was as an obstetric assistant at the General Hospital in Vienna during the time that 10% of women were dying of childbed fever.
		Semmelweis introduced hand washing between the beds of the various patients and mortality had fell dramatically.
		Semmelweis was reading a book of all the death records he was pointing to the body as if trying to get Klein to listen.
	www15.brinkster.com /deadscars/unit2-task1.doc (857 words)

	Semmelweis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ignaz Semmelweis, received his medical degree in 1844 from the University of Vienna and was appointed assistant physician in midwifery in 1847.
		Semmelweis took note of the curious data arising from the fluctuating puerperal infection rates of the two delivery wards in the hospital.
		Semmelweis correctly deduced that the cause of puerperal fever and the infection of his friend were similar.
	www.foundersofscience.net /semmelweis.htm (1110 words)

	GUINEA PIG ZERO Review SEMMELWEIS
		Semmelweis, an Austro-Hungarian physician, is today lauded as the father of modern antiseptic theory.
		Semmelweis saw the truth, and he suffered the horror of not being able to make anyone else believe him or understand.
		Our tragic hero Semmelweis and the unfortunate patients are undone by the physicians' refusal to simply wash their hands before delivering babies - or even to engage in the scientific experiment of determining if such an act could make a difference in hospital mortality rates.
	www.guineapigzero.com /semmelweis.html (589 words)

	Semmelweis Case Study
		But Semmelweis points out that in fact the crowding was heavier in the Second Division, partly as a result of the desperate efforts of patients to avoid assignment to the notorious First Division.
		A new idea was suggested to Semmelweis by the observation that in the First Division the women were delivered lying on their backs; in the Second Division, on their sides.
		On one occasion, for example, he and his associates, having carefully disinfected their hands, examined first a woman in labor who was suffering from a festering cervical cancer; then they proceeded to examine twelve other women in the same room, after only routine washing without renewed disinfection.
	www.indiana.edu /~koertge/X200Semm.html (2300 words)

	Antibacterial Soaps - DrGreene.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Semmelweis decided to investigate the cause of puerperal fever, against the strong objections of his superiors who felt that the high mortality rates were normal and non-preventable.
		Semmelweis had a friend who died from a wound infection after performing an autopsy on a woman who had died of puerperal fever.
		Semmelweis also noticed that the obstetric mortality rates were highest in the delivery room where students went directly to attend the labor of healthy mothers immediately after dissecting the bodies of women who had died of puerperal fever.
	www.drgreene.com /21_819.html (988 words)

	Jens Bjorneboe: Semmelweis
		SEMMELWEIS: Distinguished commission, in regard to the geography of the hospital: Ward One and Ward Two are a stone s throw from one another, which means therefore, that the cosmic circumstances cannot be different.
		SEMMELWEIS: As for hygrometric forces, it must be noted that, given a distance of circa fifty meters, the atmospheric humidity would of necessity be the same in both wards.
		SEMMELWEIS: The women of the upper class always have doctors to assist with their births, without dying of shame due to the assistance of men.
	home.att.net /~emurer/texts/sem-sc2.htm (2123 words)

	CDC - Vol7No2 Cover
		Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis (1818-65), a Hungarian obstetrician educated at the universities of Pest and Vienna, introduced antiseptic prophylaxis into medicine.
		As assistant professor on the maternity ward of the Vienna General Hospital, Semmelweis observed that women examined by student doctors who had not washed their hands after leaving the autopsy room had very high death rates.
		Nevertheless, Semmelweis encountered strong opposition from hospital officials and left Vienna in 1850 for the University of Pest.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol7no2/cover.htm (237 words)

	No. 622: Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis
		Semmelweis is a Hungarian doctor teaching medicine in Vienna.
		He notices that students move between the dissection room and the delivery room without washing their hands.
		By now, Semmelweis has started washing medical instruments as well as hands.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi622.htm (379 words)

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