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Topic: Sempad of Armenia

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	Sempad of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1310) was king of Armenia, ruling from 1297 to 1299.
		He was the son of Leo III of Armenia and Kyranna de Lampron.
		Sempad seized the throne of Armenia while his brother Hethum II was in Constantinople, and on Hethum's return, Sempad had Hethum blinded and imprisoned.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/s/se/sempad_of_armenia.html (78 words)

	[No title]
		HAYTON (HAITITON, HETHUM), king of Little Armenia or Cilicia from 1224 to 1269,- traveller in western and central Asia, Mongolia, andc., was the son.
		In about 1248 he sent his brother Sempad, who was now constable in his place, on a mission to Kuyuk Khan, the supreme Mongol emperor.
		Sempad was well received and returned home in 1250, bringing letters from Kuyuk.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /correction/edit?content_id=31759&locale=en (682 words)

	Armenia and Georgia, Culmen Europae
		Armenia has thus traditionally been regarded as the first officially Christian country, though, with uncertainties in dating, Ethiopia may be able to challenge this.
		The Kingdom of Armenia in the Taurus Mountains of Cilicia is called "Lesser" Armenia in contrast to the "Greater Armenia" of the Armenian homeland to the northeast.
		The Kingdom of Lesser Armenia was the last independent Armenian state until the former Soviet Republic of Armenia became independent in 1991.
	www.friesian.com /armenia.htm (4265 words)

	Hethum II of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Hethum (or Hetoum) II of Armenia (died 1307) was king of Armenia, ruling from 1289 to 1292, 1294 to 1297 and 1299 to 1307.
		After Thoros's death in 1298 at the hands of their brother Sempad, Hethum managed to regain the crown with the help of a fourth brother Constantine.
		Hethum's son Thoros, Crown Prince of Armenia, was murdered in 1296 by his brother Sempad.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/h/he/hethum_ii_of_armenia.html (146 words)

	Sempad of Armenia - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sempad seized the throne with the aid of his brother Constantine while his brothers Hethum II and Thoros were in Constantinople, and on Hethum's return, Sempad had Hethum blinded and both brothers imprisoned at Partzerpert.
		Thoros was murdered their on Sempad's orders in 1298, but Constantine turned traitor again and helped Hethum overthrow Sempad, assuming the throne while Hethum's blindness healed.
		Sempad again plotted with Constantine to resume the throne soon after Hethum's restoration, and both were imprisoned for the rest of their lives.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Sempad_of_Armenia (217 words)

	Constantine III Of Armenia : Sirchin - The Free Encyclopedia And Other Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		He helped his brother Sempad to usurp the throne in 1296, but turned against him two years later in 1298 to restore his older brother Hethum II.
		Shortly after Hethum's resumption in 1299, Constantine plotted to restore Sempad again, and both were imprisoned for the rest of their lives.
		Constantine III of Armenia (1278- c.1310) was briefly king of the Armenian...
	constantine-iii-of-armenia.sirchin.com (148 words)

	New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. I: Aachen - Basilians \| Christian Classics Ethereal Library
		Armenia is a country situated in western Asia between the Black and Caspian Seas and the Taurus and Caucasus Mountains.
		Sempad, brother of King Hetum I. (1224-69), composed a chronicle to 1274, continued to 1331.
		At the head of the army, Trdat and Gregory marched to the ancient capital Artaxata; the temple of Anahid and the oracle of Tiur with its school of priests were destroyed after a stout resistance, and all the temple property was given to the Christian churches.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc01.armenia.html (7381 words)

	Hayton - LoveToKnow 1911
		HAYTON (HAITHON, HETHUM), king of Little Armenia or Cilicia from 1224 to 1269, traveller in western and central Asia, Mongolia, andc., was the son of Constantine Rupen, and became heir to the throne of Lesser Armenia by his marriage with Isabella, daughter and only child of Leo II.
		After Mangu's accession in 1251, Batu (the most powerful of the Mongol princes and generals, and the conqueror - in name at least - of eastern Europe, now commanding on the line of the Volga) summoned Hayton to the court of the new grand khan.
		From Talas Hayton made a detour to the north-west to meet another Mongol prince, Sartach the son of Batu; after which he ascended the valley of the Syr Dania, crossed into Trans-Oxiana, visited Samarkand and Bokhara, and passed the Oxus apparently near Charjui.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Hayton (683 words)

	HyeEtch - The Armenians - Stories tp9
		Sempad’s heart was in turmoil during the girl’s narration.
		Sempad made up his mind that he was going to be one of those sick ones.
		Sempad was standing in the line next to Beto who clasped his hands in front of the doctor as if he were a saint, or the Crucifix...pleading: “Please, doctor!
	www.hyeetch.nareg.com.au /armenians/story_tp9x20.html (2928 words)

	Leo III of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		1236-1289) was king of Armenia, ruling from 1270 to 1289.
		He was the son of Hethum I of Armenia and Isabella of Armenia.
		In 1266 Leo was captured and his younger brother Thoros killed while fighting the Mamluk invaders.
	bopedia.com /en/wikipedia/l/le/leo_iii_of_armenia.html (126 words)

	Wikinfo \| Kingdom of Armenia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ruben (or Rupen) I, Prince of Armenia (1080-1095)
		Charlotte, Queen of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (1458-1464)
		Images, some of which are used under the doctrine of Fair use or used with permission, may not be available.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Kingdom_of_Armenia (169 words)

	[No title]
		In \par its mountains were the many large castles which controlled \par the mountain passes, including the famous Cilician Gates, \par through which pilgrims and Crusaders travelled to the \par Holy Land and luxury goods from the east travelled to \par Europe.
		Sempad and 300 \par knights die in the battle.
		Permission is given to use these articles in any \par educational publication as long as you credit me for the authorship of the article and send me a copy of the publication.
	www.florilegium.org /files/CULTURES/Armenia-TL-art.rtf (1143 words)

	Armenia and the War. A.P. Hacobian. Chapters V-IX.
		Her geographical position has made Armenia the cockpit of ambitious empires and conquerors, and the highway of their armies in Western Asia, much as Belgium and Poland have been the battle-grounds of Europe.
		Then, again, Armenia being a much older country, the record of her suffering from the invading armies of her stronger neighbours, "hacking their way" through her territory, extends over a proportionately longer period than that of Belgium and Poland.
		The analogy between Armenia and her European co-sufferers from the ills of aggressive Imperialism ceases altogether, however, when we come to the period of Turkish domination.
	www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Armenia2/Armenia2.htm (11997 words)

	ARMENIA
		The early history of Armenia in the Caucasus was dominated by outside pressures from Arab, Byzantine and Turkmen forces which threatened its independent existence.
		The early leaders of Cilician Armenia were known in western sources as "Lords of the Mountains", after its mountainous terrain.
		century, Cilician Armenia was raided by the Egyptian Mameluks, the Turkmen and Kurds.
	fmg.ac /Projects/MedLands/ARMENIA.htm (916 words)

	My Lines - Person Page 96
		Statira of Armenia was the daughter of Hydranes III of Armenia and N.
		Vhartanes Pahlav, Katholikos of Armenia was buried in T'ordan, the Daranaghik' district.
		Samuel II of Taraun, Prince of the Mamikonids was the father-in-law of Smbat Bagratuni of Armenia.
	homepages.rootsweb.com /~cousin/html/p96.htm (7971 words)

	Kingdoms of Anatolia - Lesser Armenia
		As a result, Armenia was divided into Armenia, Armenia Sophene and Lesser Armenia.
		Persia retained Greater Armenia to the east of the Euphrates while Rome gained the western section.
		Lesser Armenia is declared a kingdom as the Crusader states are established along its eastern and southern borders.
	kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaArmeniaLesser.htm (274 words)

	Jere's Ars Magica Saga: Turks
		The political rivalries and disunity produced by this measure among the Seljuk princes, coupled with the irruption of the Frankish warriors of the Third Crusade, who occupied Konya in 1190, temporarily brought an end to the expansion of the state and appeared to nullify the achievement of 'Izz ad-Din Qôlôch Arslan II.
		The situation was further complicated by the founding in 1198 of the kingdom of Cilician Armenia by refugees from the frontier and the population that had been resettled there by the Byzantines.
		'Izz ad-Din also subjugated Cilician Armenia, but he was not as successful in his efforts to dominate the Ayyubid descendants of the great Muslim hero Saladin in Syria and was forced to withdraw from Aleppo in 1218.
	www.geocities.com /TimesSquare/Labyrinth/2398/bginfo/turks/turk2.html (2872 words)

	Prester John - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Carpini's (1248) single mention of Prester John as the king of the Christians of India the Greater, who defeats the Tatars by an elaborate stratagem, Oppert recognizes Jalaluddin of Kharezm and his brief success over the Mongols in Afghanistan.
		In the Armenian prince Sempad's account (1248), on the other hand, this Christian king of India is aided by the Tatars to defeat and harass the Saracens, and becomes the vassal of the Mongols.
		He mentions, however, a brother of this John called Unc who ruled over the Crit and Merkit (or Kerait and Mekrit, two of the great tribes of Mongolia), whose history he associates with that of Jenghiz Khan.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Prester_John (3057 words)

	History
		Japheth, Noah's oldest son decides to stay with Noah in Armenia and is believed to become the Forefather of the Armenian People.
		The dynasty of Haig stopped: the kings of Armenia were henceforward anointed by the Persian kings.
		After the death of Tigranes II, Armenia was reduced back to its ethnic Armenian territory and found itself in the middle of a long war campaign between Rome and Persia, with each superpower trying to have Armenia as its ally, as the military assistance with Armenia was crucial for gaining political superiority in Asia Minor.
	www.anc.net.au /history.htm (1514 words)

	The genealogical tree of Smbat VII (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Sempad of Armenia Smbat VII Bagratuni was ancestor of the Armenian branch of the Bagratid family who were kings from the 9th century on, known in Armenian as Bagratuni.
		He was the son of Prince of Armenia Aot III "the Blind" Bagratuni He married Princess of Taraun N. Mamikonean, daughter of Prince of the Mamikonids Samuel II Mamikonean of Taraun.
		Marzpan of Armenia, Transcaucasia, between 776 and 798.
	www.finnestad.no /familie/slekt/3798.html (78 words)

	Hayton
		After Mangu's accession in 1251, Batu (the most powerful of the Mongol princes and generals, and the conqueror — in name at least — of eastern Europe, now commanding on the line of the Volga) summoned Hayton to the court of the new grand khan.
		Here he reported himself, and was permitted to remain some time in the Ararat region, at the foot of Mt Alagoz, near the metropolitan church of [end p.114] Echmiadzin.
		From Talas Hayton made a detour to the north-west to meet another Mongol prince, Sartach the son of Batu; after which he ascended the valley of the Syr Daria, crossed into Trans-Oxiana, visited Samarkand and Rokhara, and passed the Oxus apparently near Charjui.
	www.ermeland.de /hayton.htm (711 words)

	Sempad : Sirchin - The Free Encyclopedia And Other Stuff
		Kita juga Sempad foto-foto loh di monumen itu (lihat deh fotonya).
		Di sana kita Sempad maem, karena emang udah dapet jatah dari bisnya.
		Dengan melewati jalan berkelok-kelok akhirnya sampai juga ke Uluwatu yang gersang meski Sempad tersesat juga.
	sempad.sirchin.com (237 words)

	Deep Rooted Presence
		By A.D.100 Christianity had spread throughout Asia Minor including Armenia where the disciples Thaddeus and Bartholomew separately arrived and spread the words of the Gospel among a small community of Jews, and converted some influential members of the Armenian nobility as well.
		The early Christians in Armenia were persecuted and martyred like their brothers and sisters in the Roman Empire.
		Since at the time, Armenia was partitioned between the Persians who occupied the eastern two-third of the country and the Byzantium emperors who occupied the western one-third, the Armenian Church was generally left alone in its conduct of its religious and cultural affairs, holding its own church councils.
	www.holyland.org /deeproot.html (10176 words)

	The need to fill the blanks - Turkish Daily News Sep 07, 2001
		Given the nature of trade relations and trade routes, the surviving treaties with this kingdom and the evidence from contemporary chronicles, it is clear that this kingdom formed an integral part of the trade and cultural relations of the period.
		The initial re-settlement of Armenians from Armenia into Cilicia and Cappodocia began under the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Monomarchus (1042-55) before the Turkish settlement of Anatolia began in the aftermath of the battle of Malazgirt in 1071.
		During the reigns of Sultan Alaed-din Keykubat I (1220-36) and of Sultan Giyathsed-din Keyhusrev II (1236-46) until 1242, Lesser Armenia was a vassal of the Rum Selcuk Sultanate.
	www.turkishdailynews.com.tr /archives.php?id=24912 (1753 words)

	Armenian Genocide
		It is presented primarily as a contribution to history, but partly also for the purpose of enabling the civilised nations of Europe to comprehend the problems which will arise at the end of this war, when it will become necessary to provide for the future government of what are now the Turkish dominions.
		The populations of Kaisaria, Diyarbekir, Ourfa, Trebizond, Sivas, Harpout and the district of Van have been deported to the deserts of Mesopotamia, from the southern outskirts of Aleppo as far as Mosul and Baghdad.
		The Archbishop of Erzeroum, His Grace Sempad, who, with the Vali's authorisation, was returning to Constantinople, was murdered at Erzindjan by the brigands in the service of the Union and Progress Committee.
	members.fortunecity.com /fstav1/armenia/welcome.html (20290 words)

	Total War Center Forums - Armenian Kingdom Of Cilicia
		The Seljuk invasion of Armenia was followed by an exodus of Armenians southwards, and in 1080, Ruben, a relative of the last king of Ani, founded in the heart of the Cilician Taurus a small principality, which gradually expanded into the kingdom of Lesser Armenia or Armenia Minor.
		Lesser Armenia was able to maintain its boundaries until the Mamluks conquered the fortress of Sis in 1375.
		Armenia is depicted as Crusader's faithfull allies, but not as a incredibly influential actor of crusades.
	www.twcenter.net /forums/showthread.php?goto=newpost&t=65917 (4024 words)

	The Armenian File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Because it was only Britain that was interested in the subject of reforms, Russia having ceased to be involved, and because Britain was continually sending reports of complaint to the Babiali through the military Consuls whom it had sent to various provinces, the Babiali and especially the Sultan began to hesitate.
		Because Armenia dwelled on the situation of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire, the main topic of conversation between these six students was how to save the Armenians of Turkey, which they had never seen.
		Sir William White said that an autonomous Armenia was the request of Committees only in foreign countries, and especially in England, that it had been supported only by Mr.
	wyith.ch /home/uzweb.net/armeni4.htm (17217 words)

	"Medieval Armenia and Cilicia Timeline" by Keran R - HyeForum
		WHERE - Greater Armenia was east and south of the Black Sea.
		Armenia and requires tribute, but he proves to be a
		The principality of Cilicia became, the Kingdom of Cilician Armenia or Lesser Armenia as it was know to the European historians.
	hyeforum.com /index.php?showtopic=4636 (4183 words)

	Sources Footnotes II
		This text was based on 30 manuscripts housed at the Matenadaran in Erevan, Armenia, collated with the three earlier editions those of Moscow [Patmut'iwn Hayoc' arareal Kirakosi Ganjakec'woy (The History of Armenia composed by Kirakos Ganjakec'i), Ostan Ter-Georgean-Yovhanniseanc' (Moscow, 1858)] and Tiflis, 1909.
		Centered at the fortress of Orbeti in the Shamshvilde area, this family, like its presumed Armenian Mamikonid relations in Armenia, held the often hereditary office of commander-in-chief (spaspeti) of the Georgian army in the 11th and 12th centuries [C.Toumanoff, "The Mamikonids and the Liparitids", Armeniaca (Venice, 1969), p.
		In addition, the inscriptions frequently provide the names of taxes and rates paid in a given locality and therefore also are of the utmost importance for the study of Armenia's economic life.
	rbedrosian.com /Dft23t113.htm (4698 words)

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