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Topic: Senate of Kazakhstan

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	Kazakhstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Kazakhstan has stable relationships with all of its neighbors and is a member of the United Nations, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council and Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC).
		Kazakhstan possesses the Soviet equivalent to the United States' Cape Canaveral, where the Soviet Union launched its version of the space shuttle and the well-known space station Mir.
		Kazakhstan is a bilingual country: the Kazakh language, spoken by 64.4% of the population, has the status of the "state" language, while Russian is declared the "official" language, and is used routinely in business.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kazakhstan (4307 words)

	Senate of Kazakhstan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The legislature, known as the Parliament (Parlamenti), has two chambers.
		The upper house is the Senate has 47 members, 40 of whom are elected for six-year terms in double-seat constituencies by the local assemblies, half renewed every two years, and 7 presidential appointees.
		In addition, ex-presidents are ex-officio senators for life.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Senate_of_Kazakhstan (91 words)

	LLRX -- A Legal Research Guide to Kazakhstan
		The Senate consists of deputies (two from each region, town and the capital of the Republic), elected at the joint meeting by the deputies of the representative organs of the Republic.
		The deputies of the Senate are elected for six-year and the deputies of Majilis are elected for five-year terms of office.
		The system of legal education in Kazakhstan has a multi-level structure, which includes secondary (colleges) and higher professional educational institutions (institutes, academies, and universities), and aspirancy or doktorantura, where scientists and tutors of the highest qualification are trained and write their dissertations.
	www.llrx.com /features/kazakhstan.htm (1960 words)

	Kazakhstan's Echo, April 28, 2005
		U.S. Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN), Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, introduced a Senate resolution to commemorate the milestone.
		, That the Senate commends, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the removal of the last nuclear warhead from the territory of Kazakhstan, the people and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan for their historic decision to rid Kazakhstan of nuclear weapons.
		It is particularly important that the Senate draw attention to Kazakhstan’s wise and brave choice, as it stands in stark contrast to events in India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Iran.
	www.homestead.com /prosites-kazakhembus/echo14.html (1010 words)

	NTI: Country Overviews: Kazakhstan: Profile
		Kazakhstan transferred all of these nuclear warheads to Russia by April 1995 and destroyed the nuclear testing infrastructure at Semipalatinsk by July 2000.
		Kazakhstan has not declared an official policy against biological warfare (BW); it has not signed the Biological Toxin and Weapons Convention (BWC); and it is not a member of the Australia Group.
		The president of Kazakhstan is expected to sign the law after the Senate, the upper house of the parliament, approves the draft.
	www.nti.org /e_research/profiles/Kazakhstan/index.html (735 words)

	MENAFN - Middle East North Africa . Financial Network News: Kazakhstan vows to remain nuclear free
		The minister said that Kazakhstan is the largest producer of uranium in the world, but it would continue to abide by the NPT, which it has signed.
		Kazakhstan was one of the main nuclear testing grounds in the former Soviet Union, and some areas are still reeling from the consequences of the previous tests.
		Kazakhstan produced 51 million tons of oil last year, and it plans to produce 150 million tons annually by 2050.
	www.menafn.com /qn_news_story.asp?StoryId=CquzSWeidA2f6ywTOC3rHBI1UDwnSzwfY (639 words)

	Kazakhstan (06/06)
		Kazakhstan also is a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization along with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan.
		Kazakhstan has identified a number of major ecological problems within its borders--desiccation of the Aral Sea, protection of the fragile Caspian ecosystem, remediation of the Semipalatinsk nuclear testing range, cleanup of the Baykonur launching facility, extremely polluted cities, desertification, and development of mechanisms for regional transboundary water management.
		Travelers transiting through Kazakhstan are reminded to check that their visas allow for sufficient number of entries to cover each transit trip and to check the length of validity of the visa.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htm (5066 words)

	Kazakhstan News Bulletin, August 26, 2005
		Kazakhstan’s Foreign Minister Kassymzhomart Tokaev visited Washington earlier this week and met with Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and U.S. Trade Representative Robert Portman, for talks focusing on the war on terrorism, Iraq, building democracy in Kazakhstan, and its drive to join the World Trade Organization.
		Kazakhstan is the only country in Central Asia and one of the very few Muslim majority countries to deploy troops in Iraq.
		Kazakhstan is getting ready to celebrate the 10th anniversary of its Constitution which was adopted in a nationwide referendum in 1995, on August 30.
	www.homestead.com /prosites-kazakhembus/082605.html (1892 words)

	Senator Carl Levin (D-MI): On The Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Senator Levin believes that it is important that the United States and other nations live up to their commitments under these various treaties and agreements.
		In addition, Senator Levin has concentrated on countries that are known or suspected proliferators of nuclear, chemical, and biological materials, weapons, technical knowledge and delivery systems in violation of international agreements and standards and agreements.
		Senator Levin has also been actively involved in the Senate’s consideration of the various arms control treaties and other agreements that have come before the Senate.
	www.senate.gov /~levin/issues/index4.cfm?MainIssue=NationalSecurity&SubIssue=Nonproliferation (633 words)

	Kazakhstan New Bulletin, April 1, 2004
		In 2003, Kazakhstan’s GDP grew by 9.2 percent, and the average annual exchange rate of its national currency, the tenge, against the dollar was 149.45 tenges per dollar.
		Kazakhstan’s growing IT industry considers intellectual property rights an important factor in developing their segment of the economy.
		The deputy minister said Kazakhstan’s knowledge, technical expertise and a rich experience of earlier work in Afghanistan could be put to good use in rebuilding transportation and communications infrastructure, irrigation networks, coal mining and other industries.
	www.kazakhembus.com /040104.html (804 words)

	Embassy of Kazakhstan in New Delhi, India : Weekly News
		Released by the Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the Republic of India
		Kazakhstan's Constitutional Council ruled on August 19 that the next presidential election should take place on December 4, 2005, ending months of debates among lawyers and politicians on the exact date of the election.
		Senate election in Kazakhstan, which took place on August 19, yielded a stronger majority for the pro-presidential Otan party, and seats for Asar, Auyl (Village) and Civil parties as well as independents.
	www.kazind.com /newsarchives/newsvol39.html (1030 words)

	OnlineWomen: Kazakstan
		Kazakhstan's economy again turned downward in 1998 with a 2% decline in GDP due to slumping oil prices and the August financial crisis in Russia.
		The mean percentage of women working as local government officials in Kazakhstan is 57%, with the lowest number (35%) in southern Kazakhstan, and the highest (67%) in northern Akmola, Karaganda, and Pavlodar regions.
		The President of the largest Kazakhstan television and radio company "Khabar" is a woman and according to the Ministry of Information and Public Accord, women make up 18% of the management in state and independent Kazakh mass media.
	www.onlinewomeninpolitics.org /kz/kzmain.htm (1265 words)

	Nazarbayev Slaps US State Department Report on Kazakhstan -- 03/22/2000
		Kazakhstan declared its independence from the former Soviet Union in December 1991 and has been instituting democratic and free-market reforms for the past nine years.
		Kazakhstan has also been the focus of criticism by the US-based group Human Rights Watch, which reported last year that the government was engaged in censorship and manipulation of the electoral process.
		News photographers from independent television stations in Kazakhstan were routinely visible around the nation's capital this week, and a news conference attended by an estimated 20 reporters was in progress outside Nazarbayev's office immediately prior to the president's briefing with the US Writers Delegation.
	www.cnsnews.com /ViewForeignBureaus.asp?Try=No&Page=\ForeignBureaus\archive\1998-2000\GLO20000322a.html (829 words)

	wais:WAISers: John Brademas in Kazakhstan March 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It was held in Almaty, the old capital of Kazakhstan, located in the extreme southeast of the vast country, not far from the Chinese border.
		In 1997, the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbaev, decreed that the capital of the Republic should be moved from Almaty to Astana, a provincial town about a thousand kilometers to the north.
		Brademas was blunt in his account of the shortcomings of democracy in Kazakhstan; its one-man rule and the obvious intention of President Nuzarbaev to stay in power.
	www.stanford.edu /group/wais/ztopics/week030105/kazakhstan_050301_waiserjohnbrademas.htm (381 words)

	Kazakhstan Profile
		Kazakhstan and Russia have approved a document that draws a modified median line along the bed of the Caspian Sea between the two countries.
		Kazakhstan opened the trial of dissident former energy minister Mukhtar Ablyazov in a case the country's opposition said was an attempt to muzzle critics of President Nursultan Nazarbaev.
		According to the constitution, 32 of the 39 senators are selected by secret ballot by members of the country's regional councils (maslikhats) and city authorities.
	www.subcontinent.com /sapra/research/centralasia/profiles/kazakh_events_2002.html (2445 words)

	PREAMBLE
		The Senate shall be composed of deputies elected in twos from each oblast, major city and the capital of the Republic of Kazakhstan, at a joint session of the deputies of all representative bodies of the respective oblast, major city and the capital of the Republic.
		The candidacy for the Chairperson of the Senate shall be nominated by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
		By consent of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan the present term of the powers of the President of the Republic may be reduced by resolution of the Parliament of the Republic, adopted at the joint session of its Chambers by the majority of votes of the total number of deputies of each Chamber.
	www.cmseducation.org /wconsts/kazakhstan.html (11433 words)

	Observation of the presidential elections in Kazakhstan (4 December 2005)
		In addition, in Astana, the ad hoc Committee met the President of Kazakhstan both in his capacity as Head of State and presidential candidate, the Head of the Central Election Committee, as well as with the Speaker of the Senate of Kazakhstan.
		According to the Constitution of Kazakhstan, as adopted by referendum on 30 August 1995, Kazakhstan is a presidential republic with the president elected by popular vote for a seven year term.
		The election law of Kazakhstan was amended several times, most notably in 2004 after a dialogue that started with the round table process under the auspices of the OSCE to address shortcomings noted during the 1999 Parliamentary elections.
	assembly.coe.int /Documents/WorkingDocs/Doc06/EDOC10789.htm (4228 words)

	Human Rights Watch World Report 2003: Europe & Central Asia: Kazakhstan
		The human rights situation in Kazakhstan generated alarm as the government in 2002 struck out at critical media and opposition politicians in an apparent effort to shield itself from pressure for reform.
		The potential effectiveness of the office appeared to be undermined from the outset, however, as founding legislation specified that the ombudsman would be prohibited from "interfering" in court proceedings or the routine operation of law enforcement agencies.
		Kazakhstan remained the only country in the region that was not a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights or to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.
	www.hrw.org /wr2k3/europe8.html (2054 words)

	Article detail
		Senator Richard Lugar (Republican of Indiana), chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, introduced a resolution April 25 to commend Kazakhstan for its historic decision to eliminate nuclear weapons from its territory.
		In April 1995, the government of Kazakhstan formally transferred the last nuclear warhead from the territory of Kazakhstan to the control of the Russian Federation.
		Resolved, That the Senate commends, on the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the removal of the last nuclear warhead from the territory of Kazakhstan, the people and the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan for their historic decision to rid Kazakhstan of nuclear weapons.
	nato.usmission.gov /Article.asp?ID=82129153-4489-4D3D-BC24-8D1F76DE8201 (1051 words)

	JURIST - Kazakhstan: Kazakhstani Law, Legal Research, Human Rights
		According to the Constitution, the President proposes to the upper house of Parliament (the Senate) nominees for the Supreme Court.
		The President can request, based upon recommendations from the Supreme Judicial Council, that the Senate remove members of the Supreme Court or chairmen of judicial collegia, which are judicial councils that judges serve on at the local, city, oblast, and Supreme Court levels.
		Under the Constitution, only the President, chairperson of the Senate, chairperson of the Majilis, Prime Minister, one-fifth of the members of Parliament, or a court of law may appeal to the Constitutional Council.
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /world/kazakhstan.htm (961 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Kazakhstan Tilts Towards Russia
		Geopolitical maneuvering between Russia and the United States is intensifying in Central Asia, with Kazakhstan serving as main arena of competition.
		"Kazakhstan and Russia are strategic partners and reliable allies," Oralbay Abdykarimov, chairman of Kazakhstan’s senate, said at the late January conference, titled Kazakh-Russian Interaction in the 21st Century and the Challenges of Globalization.
		Kazakhstan and Russia are so well matched, Khramchikhin and other analysts have argued, that they would make ideal partners in a political union.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav021804a.shtml (938 words)

	Kazakhstan
		In April, construction and rehabilitation began on penitentiaries in the Solnechniy village of Eastern Kazakhstan Oblast, the Zhem village in Aktobe Oblast, and the cities of Taraz and Kyzl-Orda.
		The Kazakhstan International Bureau for Human Rights and Rule of Law visited men's, women's, and juveniles' facilities during the year, although they also reported that their requests were denied more often in the second half of the year.
		In May, police in the Zharminskiy region of Eastern Kazakhstan Oblast opened a criminal case against Baptist pastor Sergey Nizhegorodtsev, who was charged with nonpayment of a fine levied on him in February 2002 by a district court for failure to register his congregation.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2003/27845.htm (19210 words)

	Kazakhstan: Senate Selection Holds Unusual Significance - RADIO FREE EUROPE / RADIO LIBERTY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Kazakhstan will replace half the members of its upper house of parliament, or Senate, tomorrow.
		She said the issue of the presidential elections has made the Senate selection a significant process both for international observers and for Nazarbaev -- who has final approval of all Senate members.
		Kazakhstan's Constitutional Council has repeatedly postponed a decision on the date of the presidential elections.
	www.rferl.org /featuresarticle/2005/8/65BF44BD-2979-4F60-84D9-4184C1482824.html (797 words)

	GAZETA.KZ ::> Migration flows "from Atlantic coast to Urals" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		It was organised by the Committee on Migration, Refugees, and Demography of the Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly (PACE) and the parliament's senate of Kazakhstan.
		The majority of international forums taking place in Kazakhstan serve as an example of recognition of the republic's successes in some area, but that was a different occasion.
		She observed that there was an objective lack of labour resources in Kazakhstan and if Russia needed 1 million each year, Kazakhstan needs not less, due to its modernisation plans.
	eng.gazeta.kz /art.asp?aid=65078 (908 words)

	Offending Kazakhstan=The Hill.com= (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		I am deeply offended by that choice, as are many people in Kazakhstan and as the people of any other country so “favored” would be, and I express our strong objection.
		Finally, Kazakhstan is a land of remarkable ethnic and religious diversity and tolerance where Muslims, Christians, Jews, Buddhists and many others enjoy their freedoms equally.
		Pope John Paul II called Kazakhstan “an example of harmony between men and women of different origins and beliefs”, as did Chief Rabbi of Israel Yona Metzger.
	www.thehill.com /letters/080404.aspx (652 words)

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