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Topic: Sense (disambiguation)

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	Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We can see then that word sense disambiguation is likely to be of benefit to several important NLP tasks, although it may not be as widely useful as many researchers have thought.
		However, the true test of word sense disambiguation technology shall be when accurate disambiguation algorithms exist, we shall then be in a position to experiment whether or not they add to their effectiveness.
		The first way is to disambiguate the words by some means, as happens in the case of parallel corpora; the other approach is to add ambiguity to the corpus and have the algorithm attempt to resolve this ambiguity to return to the original corpus.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /EAGLES96/rep2/node39.html (3336 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) Test Collection
		For example, the word "cold" has several senses and may refer to a disease, a temperature sensation, or a natural phenomenon.
		The specific sense intended is determined by the textual context in which an instance of the ambiguous word appears.
		In order to support research investigating the automatic resolution of word sense ambiguity using natural language processing techniques, we have constructed this test collection of medical text in which the ambiguities were resolved by hand.
	wsd.nlm.nih.gov (537 words)

	Lecture 12 - Word Sense Disambiguation
		A word sense is an association of a particular word form with a particular meaning.
		Word sense ambiguity is very common, and is a major problem for many applications of language engineering.
		Not surprisingly, word sense disambiguation is a major research topic in language engineering.
	www.cs.man.ac.uk /~mary/CS3421lectures/node12.html (784 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation Evaluation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For a target noun the selected sense is the one that falls under the class on the cut with the highest score compared to the scores of the ancestors on the cut of the other senses.
		The baseline that is frequently cited for WSD evaluation is that given by choosing senses at random.
		This baseline, unfortunately, does not indicate the semantic proximity of the senses remaining after disambiguation and is, therefore, an over-estimated and punitive baseline.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /sparkle/wp7.1/node42.html (526 words)

	Title page for etd-0124106-010103
		However, at present, most word sense disambiguation methods either disambiguate only restricted parts of speech words such as only nouns or the accuracy in disambiguating word senses is not satisfiable.
		The semantic similarity between the senses of individually semantically ambiguous words in a word pair is measured to select the applicable candidate senses of a target word in that word pair.
		The experimental results show that for the top sense selected this method having the average accuracy of disambiguating word senses with 81.3% for nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs is slightly better than Stetina et al.’s method of 80% and Mihalcea et al.’s method of 80.1%.
	etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw /ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0124106-010103 (443 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Whenever a system's action depends on the meaning of the text being processed, disambiguation is beneficial or even necessary.
		Although we only cover statistical approaches here, work on word sense disambiguation has a long tradition in Artificial...
		92 A method for disambiguating word senses in a large corpus (context) - William, Kenneth et al.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /41667.html (479 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For example, in translation we need may to pull apart word "senses" that would otherwise be treated as unitary.
		The COOKING VESSEL sense of pot and the MACHINE FOR WASHING DISHES sense of dishwasher are associated with one another (perhaps through other concepts such as KITCHEN, COOKING).
		Apparently people keep various senses of words around even after they have selected one.
	www.cs.indiana.edu /classes/c661/ws_disambig.html (257 words)

	Cogprints - Similarity-based Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		We describe a method for automatic word sense disambiguation using a text corpus and a machine-readable dictionary (MRD).
		The circularity of this definition is resolved by an iterative, converging process, in which the system learns from the corpus a set of typical usages for each of the senses of the polysemous word listed in the MRD.
		A new instance of a polysemous word is assigned the sense associated with the typical usage most similar to its context.
	cogprints.org /569 (143 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Word Sense Disambiguation is the process of resolving the meaning of a word:
		Nancy Ide and Jean Véronis [1998] Word Sense Disambiguation: The State of the Art.
		David Yarowsky [1995] Unsupervised Word Sense Disambiguation Rivaling Supervised Methods.
	www.ics.mq.edu.au /~swan/readingroom/word_sense_disambiguation (147 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation - Applications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		In the context of a given document, typically only one or two of the possible senses of a word are appropriate.
		Automatic word sense disambiguation is the task of automatically determing the intended sense of a word, based on its surrounding context.
		Word sense disambiguation could make search engines more precise.
	www.apperceptual.com /ml_text_wsd_apps.html (196 words)

	Citebase - Word-Sense Disambiguation Using Decomposable Models
		Most probabilistic classifiers used for word-sense disambiguation have either been based on only one contextual feature or have used a model that is simply assumed to characterize the interdependencies among multiple contextual features.
		In this paper, a different approach to formulating a probabilistic model is presented along with a case study of the performance of models produced in this manner for the disambiguation of the noun "interest".
		Using this approach, the joint distribution of all variables is described by only the most systematic variable interactions, thereby limiting the number of parameters to be estimated, supporting computational efficiency, and providing an understanding of the data.
	citebase.eprints.org /cgi-bin/citations?id=oai:arXiv.org:cmp-lg/9406005 (512 words)

	SENSEVAL Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		There are now many computer programs for automatically determining which sense a word is being used in.
		One would like to be able to say which were better, which worse, and also which words, or varieties of language, presented particular problems to which programs.
		SENSEVAL: An Exercise in Evaluating Word Sense Disambiguation Programs A. Kilgarriff.
	www.itri.brighton.ac.uk /events/senseval (194 words)

	Subject: WSD: verb sense disambiguation
		Katrin Erk: Frame assignment as word sense disambiguation.
		Disambiguation, In the Proceedings of the SENSEVAL-3 Third International
		Dan Tufis: Word Sense Disambiguation: A Case Study on the Granularity of Sense
	www.uib.no /mailman/public/corpora/2005-December/001908.html (338 words)

	Ted Pedersen - Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Publications (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Kernel Methods for Word Sense Disambiguation and Acronym Expansion (Joshi, Pedersen, Maclin, and Pakhomov) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 19, 2006, Boston, MA.
		An End-to-End Supervised Target-Word Sense Disambiguation System (Joshi, Pakhomov, Pedersen, Maclin, and Chute) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Twenty-First National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, July 19, 2006, Boston, MA.
		A Comparative Study of Support Vectors Machines Applied to the Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Problem in the Medical Domain (Joshi, Pedersen, and Maclin) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Second Indian International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, December 20-22, 2005, Pune, India.
	www.d.umn.edu /~tpederse/supervised-pubs.html (438 words)

	Word Sense Disambiguation (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Abstract: atic translation from English to German, needs to translate "bank" as "Ufer" for sense 1a and as "Bank" for sense 1b.
		1 Although we only cover statistical approaches here, work on word sense disambiguation has a long tradition in...
		Consistent Criteria For Sense Distinctions - Palmer (1999)
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /369497.html (194 words)

	Ted Pedersen - Software (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		This page contains links to the code, documentation, and shell scripts used to create the University of Minnesota, Duluth systems that were used in the Senseval-2 word sense disambiguation exercise.
		Evaluating the Effectiveness of Ensembles of Decision Trees in Disambiguating Senseval Lexical Samples (Pedersen) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Word Sense Disambiguation: Recent Successes and Future Directions.
		Assessing System Agreement and Instance Difficulty in the Lexical Sample Tasks of Senseval-2 (Pedersen) - Appears in the Proceedings of the Workshop on Word Sense Disambiguation: Recent Successes and Future Directions.
	www.d.umn.edu /~tpederse/senseval2.html (508 words)

	Stevenson, Mark: Word Sense Disambiguation
		The word "bat" can denote an animal, a sports apparatus, the blink of an eye, or more.
		While humans can select the appropriate meanings when hearing such words, Internet keyword searches and machine translations demonstrate that computers all too often fail at the process of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD).
		This book provides an overview of the field, descriptions of novel research, accounts of previous approaches and methodologies, and an evaluation of a practical computer system that has been found to produce accurate disambiguation decisions in English.
	www.press.uchicago.edu /cgi-bin/hfs.cgi/00/15469.ctl (141 words)

	Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Home page of the Senseval project, a large-scale evaluation of word sense disambiguation algorithms.
		An old (1911) version of Roget's thesaurus can be downloaded from Project Gutenberg.
		Corpora for the evaluation of Word Sense Disambiguation are available from the Linguistic Data Consortium (search for "sense")
	www-nlp.stanford.edu /fsnlp/wsd (53 words)

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