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Topic: Sensory memory

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	Memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A basic and generally accepted classification of memory is based on the duration of memory retention, and identifies three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
		Sensory memory is characterized by the duration of memory retention from milliseconds to seconds and short-term memory from seconds to minutes.
		Autobiographical memory - memory for particular events within one's own life - is generally viewed as either equivalent to, or a subset of, episodic memory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Memory (1326 words)

	Sensory memory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sensory memory is still considered to operate within this approximate time frame (under 1 second and certainly no more than 2) and so can be seen to be very short lived.
		Despite retaining information for a very short period if time, it is not to be confused with short term memory (which typically lasts 10-15 seconds without rehearsal of the remembered material) and is so named to distinguish it from long term memory which can store information for as long as a lifetime.
		Auditory sensory memory is known as echoic memory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sensory_memory (380 words)

	Learn more about Memory in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Memory is one of the activities of the human mind, much studied by cognitive psychology.
		Sensory memory is characterized by the duration of memory retention from miliseconds to seconds and short-term memory from seconds to minutes.
		A hypothesized celluar basis of memory and learning, for which there is some evidence, involves strengthening of the synapses that link nerve cells (or neurons).
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /m/me/memory.html (835 words)

	Memory, sensory - WikEd
		Sensory memory is affiliated with the transduction of energy (change from one energy from to another).
		Sensory memory is the first level of memory.
		Sensory memory is short; visual information, for example, fades away in less than a second.
	wik.ed.uiuc.edu /index.php/Memory,_sensory (588 words)

	MSN Encarta - Memory (psychology)
		Memory also is frequently a subject of controversy because of questions about its accuracy.
		Memory and learning are closely related, and the terms often describe roughly the same processes.
		This kind of sensory memory is called iconic memory and refers to the usually brief visual persistence of information as it is being interpreted by the visual system.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761578303/Memory_(psychology).html (1565 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Memory
		Memory is the capability of the mind, to store up conscious processes, and reproduce them later with some degree of fidelity.
		Sensory memory reserves that which can not be received by the special senses and yet is individual, and therefore does not belong to the intellectual memory, which takes cognizance of nothing but the universal.
		Sensory memory has long been subdivided by psychologists into several "types", chief among which are the auditory, visual, and motor.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10174a.htm (2605 words)

	Menopause Online
		If sensory memory is considered important it is rehearsed, repeated, mulled over, and kept in STM for a time.
		Sensory memory is only lost in cases of brain injury and is usually considered as part of the process of perception.
		Declarative memory - or is often considered part of remote, or LTM it includes semantic memory -the ability to remember the meaning of words, facts, and a generalized knowledge of the world and episodic memory- your autobiographical memories.
	www.menopause-online.com /memory.html (1201 words)

	Sensory Memory
		Auditory (hearing) memory is held in "echoic" memory.
		To understand echoic memory, imagine someone rattling off a string of numbers, then stopping suddenly and asking you what were the last 5 numbers he or she said.
		This would suggest that iconic memory holds at least 9-12 items, but that it is generally difficult to measure that capacity because the icons are fading as we attempt to measure iconic memory.
	www.gpc.edu /~bbrown/psyc1501/memory/sensorymemory.htm (743 words)

	Memory
		Memory clearly involves physical changes in the brain -- most likely some kind of facilitation at the synapse: Repeated experiences increase the efficiency of certain synapses by “pulling” receptor sites and axon endings closer together, as well as making the receptor neuron more sensitive over the long run.
		The hippocampus seems to be involved in short term or working memory, and seems to be responsible for the transfer the information to the cerebral cortex, which is clearly the locus of most of our long term memory.
		It is usually episodic memory (memories of events in your life, or even of your identity).
	www.ship.edu /~cgboeree/memory.html (2280 words)

	HUMAN MEMORY SYSTEM
		Sensory memory is the type of memory that occurs within the senses while it is being transmitted to the brain.
		Unlike the sensory memory and short term memory, long-term memory is not limited in capacity or duration.
		Memory is a very complex psychological process and any kind of mechanical analogy in terms of storage, processing and retrieval (e.g., tape recorder, computer) falls short.
	www.nos.org /psy12/p2h7.1.htm (2308 words)

	memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		---- '''Memory''' is one of the activities of the human mind, much studied by cognitive psychology.
		A basic and generally accepted classification (depending on the duration of memory retention and the amount of stored information during these stages) identifies three distinct types of memory: ''Sensory memory'', ''short-term memory'', and ''long-term memory''.
		The definition of ''working memory'', which is erroneously used as a synonym of short-term memory, is based on not only the duration of memory retention but also the way how it is used in daily life activities.
	encyclopedia.mysleepcenter.com /memory.htm (869 words)

	Memory
		Sensory memory is the memory store that sensory information enters the memory system- sensory memory has a large capacity but a short duration [less than a second]
		Two other components to sensory memory is the ability to attend to the stimuli and them to compare the stimuli to what already exists in memory this is call pattern recognition.
		Procedural memory is the basic memory it involves associations between stimuli and responses such as adapting to environment, eating, drinking, balance etc. overt behavior.
	www.fvcc.edu /academics/dept_pages/social.sciences/psych/memory.htm (1387 words)

	Age-Related Changes in Memory
		Short-term memory information remains in consciousness about 15 seconds and is not recalled unless it is transferred to and stored in long-term memory.
		Short-term or primary memory relates to immediate recall of information (that is, what is in your mind at the present moment) such as a phone number or a person's name.
		It is widely assumed that age differences in memory are confined to measures of episodic memory, and that measures of semantic memory are mostly unaffected by age.
	www.ext.colostate.edu /Pubs/consumer/10243.html (1893 words)

	Sensory memory
		Visual sensory memory is sometimes referred to as iconic memory.
		Sensory memory is also accountable for the eyes' field of vision.
		In reality it is quite limited, but the sensory memory retains images that have already been seen.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/se/sensory_memory.html (442 words)

	Psychology Web Pages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Two basic types of sensory memory have been defined: iconic memory and echoic memory for each type of modality, so visual stimuli enters iconic and auditory stimuli enters echoic (while other sensory stimuli obviously exist, such as haptic information, it is visual and auditory stimuli which present the most interest to cognition).
		While there is general agreement on the existence of sensory memory, its importance to cognition is relatively small because cognition is more interested in the items that have been attended to, and what happens to them.
		Whereas sensory memory information varies depending upon the modality (e.g., visual, auditory), short-term memory in the multi-store model is of a uniform format.
	ibs.derby.ac.uk /~kpat/Israel_cognitive/memorystructures.shtml (3499 words)

	Memory: Art, Poetry, and the Holocaust - - Human Memory
		It is from this memory that we can reconstruct the actual events that took place at a given point in our lives.
		Semantic memory, on the other end, is a structured record of facts, concepts and skills that we have acquired.
		The information in semantic memory is derived from that in our own episodic memory, such that we can learn new facts or concepts from our experiences.
	www.projectview.org /AlbrightKnox/Resources.HumanMemory.htm (527 words)

	Psychological Science : Chapter 7: Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Researchers agree that memory is served by multiple systems; some psychologists focus on memory content as the basis for defining the different systems and others focus on the process of memory storage as the way to differentiate among systems.
		Explicit memory involves the effortful storage and retrieval of declarative information and takes two forms: episodic memory, which is our memories of our personal experiences, and semantic memory, which is our memories of facts and information.
		This enhancement of memory appears to be related to the release of glucose that accompanies the increase in epinephrine levels and the associated increase in arousal.
	www.wwnorton.com /psychsci/ch7_overview.htm (1122 words)

	Memory in Psychology
		The mathematical memory models tutorial is an introduction to some of the major psychological models of memory that have a mathematical component.
		Sensory information storage and short-term memory are beset by severe limitations of capacity, while long-term memory, for all practical purposes, has a virtually infinite capacity.
		In 4 experiments, the authors explored the role of the frontal lobes (FLs) in source memory, the extent to which they may be involved in the encoding and/or retrieval of source or context, and the conditions under which the source memory deficit in older people may be reduced or eliminated.
	www.psychology.org /links/Environment_Behavior_Relationships/Memory (1210 words)

	Sensory Memory Traces in Human Auditory Cortex (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Six studies were conducted to investigate cortical mechanisms and temporal characteristics of human auditory sensory memory as reflected in auditory evoked magnetic fields (AEFs).
		Investigations of the temporal characteristics of N100m showed that the two supratemporal components had different temporal dependencies: the temporal recovery function of the posterior source was not affected by stimulus paradigm (single vs. paired stimuli), whereas that of the anterior source was.
		These results suggest parallel processing of auditory stimulus features during the long sensory memory store and stronger involvement of the right than the left hemisphere in memory-based processing of simple tones.
	boojum.hut.fi /abstracts/brain/LTL-T61.html (327 words)

	SENSORY MEMORY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sensory memory is the first stage after information gets to a sense organ.
		It is a temporary storage buffer between sensory input and the next stage, short term memory.
		Visual sensory memory, or iconic memory, lasts about 1/2 to 1 second; auditory sensory memory, or echoic memory, lasts up to 2-3 seconds.
	www.indiana.edu /~p1013447/dictionary/sen_mem.htm (152 words)

	Newton's Apple: Teacher's Guides
		Memory is such a complicated process that no universally accepted theory exists to explain how it works.
		This sensory stimulus is held for a fraction of a second in the sensory memory.
		If a memory is lost at this stage, it does not make it to the long-term storage area of the brain.
	www.ktca.org /newtons/11/memory.html (1092 words)

	EET Templates
		Additionally, decay appears to be the primary mechanism of memory loss in STM (Kalat, 1998).
		However, the duration of information in sensory memory is extremely brief, perhaps only 300 miliseconds, and is subject to rapid decay.
		After entering sensory memory, a limited amount of information is transferred into short-term memory.
	coe.sdsu.edu /eet/Articles/stmemory/start.htm (602 words)

	Sensory Register, Short Term Memory and Long Term Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		First, there is the sensory register, a very short-term sensory memory of the event.
		When you are trying to recall a telephone number that was heard a few seconds earlier, the name of a person who has just been introduced, or the substance of the remarks just made by a teacher in class, you are calling on short-term memory, or working memory.
		From long-term memory you can recall general information about the world that you learned on previous occasions, memory for specific past experiences, specific rules previously learned, and the like.
	www.audiblox2000.com /human_memory2.htm (314 words)

	Memory
		The sensory and short-term memory are bio-electrical types of memory, as they store information in form of electrical signals, whereas the long-term memory is a bio-chemical type of memory.
		Another example is memory resulting from motor learning, which depends upon the cerebellum and basal ganglia.
		Master memories are made not born December 2002 - New Scientist Superior memories are made not born
	www.crystalinks.com /memory.html (744 words)

	Memory
		Sensory memories are lost permanently if they are not processed, either due to decay or lack of attention.(Sometimes information is sent to other stages despite lack of attention.) In short-term memory forgetting is caused by three factors:
		In long-term memory, forgetting occurs due to one's inability to locate information, not by information decay.
		Information moves from sensory to short-term and long-term memory by pattern recognition, which is based on previously learned information.
	www.ulc.psu.edu /studyskills/memory.html (688 words)

	PATTERN RECOGNITION & SENSORY MEMORY
		Thus, there appears to be a brief visual sensory store which can hold a fair amount of information but which is quickly lost if not immediately attended to.
		Iconic memory is the name given to the visual sensory register--the memory for a rapidly fading visual image.
		Iconic memory studies show that a letter is recognized more quickly when it is part of a word than when it is considered by itself, or as a part of a nonword.
	home.sandiego.edu /~taylor/patrec.html (1442 words)

	[No title]
		First, the visual system's initial sensory response to a short-duration, low-contrast stimulus is generated by a linear, low-pass temporal filter that operates on the stimulus's temporal waveform.
		Colthart (for example) argues that iconic memory and visible persistence are different phenomena.
		Sensory memory: (a) Is visible persistence subserved by the same structures as informational persistence, or can the apparent differences be accounted for by different strategies of using the same structures?
	aris.ss.uci.edu /HIPLab/Psych269/Syllabus.html (1366 words)

	Memory echoes in brain's sensory terrain: Science News Online, Sept. 30, 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		When people recall information composed of sights and sounds, neural activity surges in some visual and acoustic areas of their brains just as it does when they first formed the memory, the two teams report in the Sept. 26 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
		These particular brain regions handle sensory information only after it has passed through the separate neural gateways for sight and sound.
		Parts of the frontal brain, already thought to coordinate memory retrieval, recruit these secondary sensory areas to help assemble memories, both groups theorize.
	www.sciencenews.org /articles/20000930/fob3.asp (485 words)

	Auditory Sensory Memory and Short-Term Memory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to the memory model of Cowan, long auditory storage (“auditory sensory memory”) is activated auditory long-term memory and could be considered a modalityspecific module of short-term memory.
		Periodic noise served to evaluate lifetime, capacity, and susceptibility to interference of auditory sensory memory.
		All three parameters of auditory sensory memory were found similar to those of categorical short-term memory.
	www.erlbaum.com /kaernbach/ch15 (137 words)

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